scholarly journals Effects of Neuropeptide Y on Stem Cells and Their Potential Applications in Disease Therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Peng ◽  
You-li Zhou ◽  
Zhi-yuan Song ◽  
Shu Lin
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Amino Acid Peptide ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Disease Therapy ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Regulatory Effects

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a 36-amino acid peptide, is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and other peripheral tissues. It takes part in regulating various biological processes including food intake, circadian rhythm, energy metabolism, and neuroendocrine secretion. Increasing evidence indicates that NPY exerts multiple regulatory effects on stem cells. As a kind of primitive and undifferentiated cells, stem cells have the therapeutic potential to replace damaged cells, secret paracrine molecules, promote angiogenesis, and modulate immunity. Stem cell-based therapy has been demonstrated effective and considered as one of the most promising treatments for specific diseases. However, several limitations still hamper its application, such as poor survival and low differentiation and integration rates of transplanted stem cells. The regulatory effects of NPY on stem cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation may be helpful to overcome these limitations and facilitate the application of stem cell-based therapy. In this review, we summarized the regulatory effects of NPY on stem cells and discussed their potential applications in disease therapy.

scholarly journals Cell-Based Therapy for Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 2854-2862 ◽  
Author(s):  
You Jeong Park ◽  
Kuniyasu Niizuma ◽  
Maxim Mokin ◽  
Mari Dezawa ◽  
Cesar V. Borlongan
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Muse Cells

Stem cell-based regenerative therapies may rescue the central nervous system following ischemic stroke. Mesenchymal stem cells exhibit promising regenerative capacity in in vitro studies but display little to no incorporation in host tissue after transplantation in in vivo models of stroke. Despite these limitations, clinical trials using mesenchymal stem cells have produced some functional benefits ascribed to their ability to modulate the host’s inflammatory response coupled with their robust safety profile. Regeneration of ischemic brain tissue using stem cells, however, remains elusive in humans. Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells are a distinct subset of mesenchymal stem cells found sporadically in connective tissue of nearly every organ. Since their discovery in 2010, these endogenous reparative stem cells have been investigated for their therapeutic potential against a variety of diseases, including acute myocardial infarction, stroke, chronic kidney disease, and liver disease. Preclinical studies have exemplified Muse cells’ unique ability mobilize, differentiate, and engraft into damaged host tissue. Intravenously transplanted Muse cells in mouse lacunar stroke models afforded functional recovery and long-term engraftment into the host neural network. This mini-review article highlights these biological properties that make Muse cells an exceptional candidate donor source for cell therapy in ischemic stroke. Elucidating the mechanism behind the therapeutic potential of Muse cells will undoubtedly help optimize stem cell therapy for stroke and advance the field of regenerative medicine.

scholarly journals Commercial Production of Autologous Stem Cells and Their Therapeutic Potential for Liver Cirrhosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chun Lin ◽  
Horng-Jyh Harn ◽  
Po-Cheng Lin ◽  
Ming-Hsi Chuang ◽  
Chun-Hung Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Production Program ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Promising Source

Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are a promising source of autologous stem cells for personalized cell-based therapies. Culture expansion of ADSCs provides an attractive opportunity for liver cirrhosis patients. However, safety and stability issues can pose big challenges for personalized autologous stem cell products. In the present study, we addressed whether the commercial production program could provide a consistent product for liver cirrhosis therapy. We collected adipose tissue from three human donors by lipoaspirate and isolated ADSCs, which were expanded in culture to reach 1 × 10 8 cells (an approximately 1,000-fold expansion) within four passages. We then examined their morphology, chromosome stability, surface markers, and differentiation ability after culture. Next, we explored their therapeutic potential using a rat model of thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis. Culture-expanded ADSCs were injected intrahepatically, and their biodistribution was tracked by immunohistochemistry using an antibody against human mitochondria. Finally, we tested for tumor development by subcutaneously injecting a 100-fold dose range of cultured ADSCs into immunocompromised mice. Taken together, we find that culture expansion of autologous ADSCs is a potentially suitable stem cell product for personalized cell-based therapy for patients with liver cirrhosis.

scholarly journals Interaction Between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Retinal Degenerative Microenvironment

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Lin ◽  
Xiang Ren ◽  
Yongjiang Chen ◽  
Danian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Retinal Disease ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Retinal Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Stromal Stem Cells

Retinal degenerative diseases (RDDs) are a group of diseases contributing to irreversible vision loss with yet limited therapies. Stem cell-based therapy is a promising novel therapeutic approach in RDD treatment. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a leading cell source due to their neurotrophic and immunomodulatory capabilities, limited ethical concerns, and low risk of tumor formation. Several pre-clinical studies have shown that MSCs have the potential to delay retinal degeneration, and recent clinical trials have demonstrated promising safety profiles for the application of MSCs in retinal disease. However, some of the clinical-stage MSC therapies have been unable to meet primary efficacy end points, and severe side effects were reported in some retinal “stem cell” clinics. In this review, we provide an update of the interaction between MSCs and the RDD microenvironment and discuss how to balance the therapeutic potential and safety concerns of MSCs' ocular application.

scholarly journals The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells in treating osteoporosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianning Chen ◽  
Tieyi Yang ◽  
Weiwei Zhang ◽  
Jin Shao
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Bone Fragility ◽  
Clinical Treatment ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Metabolic Bone ◽  
Orthopedic Diseases

AbstractOsteoporosis (OP), a common systemic metabolic bone disease, is characterized by low bone mass, increasing bone fragility and a high risk of fracture. At present, the clinical treatment of OP mainly involves anti-bone resorption drugs and anabolic agents for bone, but their long-term use can cause serious side effects. The development of stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine has provided a new approach to the clinical treatment of various diseases, even with a hope for cure. Recently, the therapeutic advantages of the therapy have been shown for a variety of orthopedic diseases. However, these stem cell-based researches are currently limited to animal models; the uncertainty regarding the post-transplantation fate of stem cells and their safety in recipients has largely restricted the development of human clinical trials. Nevertheless, the feasibility of mesenchymal stem cells to treat osteoporotic mice has drawn a growing amount of intriguing attention from clinicians to its potential of applying the stem cell-based therapy as a new therapeutic approach to OP in the future clinic. In the current review, therefore, we explored the potential use of mesenchymal stem cells in human OP treatment.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells Strategy for Cardiovascular Diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Youn Lee ◽  
Ran Kim ◽  
Onju Ham ◽  
Jihyun Lee ◽  
Pilseog Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Paracrine Effects ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Immunomodulatory Capacity

Despite development of medicine, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are still the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Over the past 10 years, various stem cells have been utilized in therapeutic strategies for the treatment of CVDs. CVDs are characterized by a broad range of pathological reactions including inflammation, necrosis, hyperplasia, and hypertrophy. However, the causes of CVDs are still unclear. While there is a limit to the currently available target-dependent treatments, the therapeutic potential of stem cells is very attractive for the treatment of CVDs because of their paracrine effects, anti-inflammatory activity, and immunomodulatory capacity. Various studies have recently reported increased therapeutic potential of transplantation of microRNA- (miRNA-) overexpressing stem cells or small-molecule-treated cells. In addition to treatment with drugs or overexpressed miRNA in stem cells, stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles also have therapeutic potential because they can deliver the stem cell-specific RNA and protein into the host cell, thereby improving cell viability. Here, we reported the state of stem cell-based therapy for the treatment of CVDs and the potential for cell-free based therapy.

scholarly journals The Clinical Status of Stem Cell Therapy for Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianyun Wang ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Yaqi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Ischemic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Skeletal Myoblasts ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Current State ◽  
Pros And Cons

Ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) is becoming a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the whole world. Stem cell-based therapy is emerging as a promising option for treatment of ICM. Several stem cell types including cardiac-derived stem cells (CSCs), bone marrow-derived stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), skeletal myoblasts (SMs), and CD34+and CD 133+stem cells have been applied in clinical researches. The clinical effect produced by stem cell administration in ICM mainly depends on the transdifferentiation and paracrine effect. One important issue is that low survival and residential rate of transferred stem cells in the infracted myocardium blocks the effective advances in cardiac improvement. Many other factors associated with the efficacy of cell replacement therapy for ICM mainly including the route of delivery, the type and number of stem cell infusion, the timing of injection, patient’s physical condition, the particular microenvironment onto which the cells are delivered, and clinical condition remain to be addressed. Here we provide an overview of the pros and cons of these transferred cells and discuss the current state of their therapeutic potential. We believe that stem cell translation will be an ideal option for patients following ischemic heart disease in the future.

scholarly journals STEM CELLS THERAPY IN HUMAN WELFARE AND DISEASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-234
Author(s):  
Ravi Prakash ◽  
Santosh Kumar Yadav ◽  
Syed Shadab Raza
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Developmental Issues ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Stem Cells Therapy

The study Global Burden of Disease (GBD) drew international healthcare community's attention to the burden of neurological disorders and many other chronic conditions. This study highlighted that the burden of neurological disorders was seriously underrated by traditional epidemiological and health statistical methods that prefer only mortality rates but not disability rates. There has recently been a great deal of interest in stem cells and the nervous system, in terms of their potential for deciphering developmental issues as well as their therapeutic potential. With the advancement in cell culture, isolation techniques, and molecular analyses, various types of stem cells have now been broadly classified, isolated, and characterized from different parts of the body, even from brain and heart. The concept of stem cell-based therapy provided new hope for the treatment of neurological diseases. In this review we will discuss about ongoing stem cell therapy for neurodegenerative disease.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Dynamics: Biogenesis, Fission, Fusion, and Mitophagy in the Regulation of Stem Cell Behaviors

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyan Fu ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Hang Yin
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Cell Behaviors ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

Stem cells have the unique capacity to differentiate into many cell types during embryonic development and postnatal growth. Through coordinated cellular behaviors (self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation), stem cells are also pivotal to the homeostasis, repair, and regeneration of many adult tissues/organs and thus of great importance in regenerative medicine. Emerging evidence indicates that mitochondria are actively involved in the regulation of stem cell behaviors. Mitochondria undergo specific dynamics (biogenesis, fission, fusion, and mitophagy) during stem cell self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation. The alteration of mitochondrial dynamics, fine-tuned by stem cell niche factors and stress signaling, has considerable impacts on stem cell behaviors. Here, we summarize the recent research progress on (1) how mitochondrial dynamics controls stem cell behaviors, (2) intrinsic and extrinsic factors that regulate mitochondrial dynamics, and (3) pharmacological regulators of mitochondrial dynamics and their therapeutic potential. This review emphasizes the metabolic control of stemness and differentiation and may shed light on potential new applications in stem cell-based therapy.

scholarly journals The Therapeutic Potential of Inflamed Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Preclinical Studies: A Scoping Review of a Unique Biomedical Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Gamilah Al-Qadhi ◽  
Sarah Al-Rai ◽  
Layla Hafed
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Fiber Formation ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Scoping Reviews

Searching for considerable abundance, simple, and accessible sources in stem cell-based therapy opens the door for isolation of a new population of oral/dental stem cells known as inflamed gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells, which have recently come to light with promising therapeutic potential in tissue regenerative therapy. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, this scoping review is aimed at highlighting the possible therapeutic potential of inflamed gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells in preclinical studies carried out to date and presenting the current evidence depends upon their comparison to the healthy gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells or other mesenchymal stem cell sources. A comprehensive electronic search using (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) databases and a manual search of relevant references were conducted until June 2020. Included studies were assessed using a combination tool, including the guidelines for reporting preclinical in vitro studies on dental materials, which were based on the modification of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trial checklist and the guidelines for animal research: reporting of in vivo experiments. The initial research provided 360 articles, with 13 articles that met the inclusion criteria. While most of the included studies lacked randomization, blinding, and sample size calculation, they were designed accurately in other aspects of the guidelines. The results of this scoping review indicated that inflamed gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells could be effective in terms of osteogenic differentiation, collagen fiber formation, immunoregulation, migration capacity, and testing of dental material and may present a reliable alternative source for healthy gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

scholarly journals Corneal Stem Cells as a Source of Regenerative Cell-Based Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Jasmin S. Nurković ◽  
Radiša Vojinović ◽  
Zana Dolićanin
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Corneal Stroma ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Corneal Surface ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Corneal Regeneration ◽  
Successful Transplantation ◽  
Stromal Stem Cells

In the past few years, intensive research has focused on corneal stem cells as an unlimited source for cell-based therapy in regenerative ophthalmology. Today, it is known that the cornea has at least two types of stem cells: limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) and corneal stromal stem cells (CSSCs). LESCs are used for regeneration of corneal surface, while CSSCs are used for regeneration of corneal stroma. Until now, various approaches and methods for isolation of LESCs and CSSCs and their successful transplantation have been described and tested in several preclinical studies and clinical trials. This review describes in detail phenotypic characteristics of LESCs and CSSCs and discusses their therapeutic potential in corneal regeneration. Since efficient and safe corneal stem cell-based therapy is still a challenging issue that requires continuous cooperation between researchers, clinicians, and patients, this review addresses the important limitations and suggests possible strategies for improvement of corneal stem cell-based therapy.

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