scholarly journals Plackett–Burman Combined with Box–Behnken to Optimize the Medium of Fermented Tremella Polysaccharide and Compare the Characteristics before and after Optimization

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Xia Ma ◽  
Meng Yang ◽  
Yan He ◽  
Chenglinang Li ◽  
Chuntao Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Fermentation Medium ◽  
Surface Method ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Acid Polysaccharide ◽  
Burman Design ◽  
Potato Extract ◽  
Plackett Burman Design ◽  
Good Agreement

The purpose of this study was to improve the yield of fermented Tremella polysaccharide (FTP) by optimizing the medium and to explore the effect of optimization on the structure. In this paper, the Plackett–Burman design and response surface method were used to optimize the fermentation medium of Tremella spore GT2# for FTP production. The results of the Plackett–Burman design showed that potato extract, glucose, and peptone were the main factors. The Box–Behnken experiment and regression analysis determined that the optimal concentrations of potato extract, glucose, and peptone were 22.01%, 29.38 g/L, and 2.61 g/L, respectively. After optimization, the fermentation period shortened from 5 days to 3 days, and the yield of FTP increased from 10.75 g/L to 12.50 g/L, which was in good agreement with the predicted value (12.36 g/L). Characterization of FTP obtained before and after optimization was carried out, and the results showed that medium optimization had significant effects on the primary structure of FTP, including molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and proportion. After optimization, the content of acid polysaccharide increased, and the glycoside bonds changed from a-configuration to ß-configuration.

scholarly journals Use of Mini-CT Specimens for Fracture Toughness Characterization of Low Upper-Shelf Linde 80 Weld Before and After Irradiation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail A. Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Master Curve ◽  
Collaborative Program ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Real Practice ◽  
Reactor Pressure ◽  
Good Agreement

Mini-CT specimens are becoming a highly popular geometry for use in reactor pressure vessel (RPV) community for direct measurement of fracture toughness in the transition region using the Master Curve methodology. In the present study, Mini-CT specimens were machined from previously tested Charpy specimens of the Midland low upper-shelf Linde 80 weld in both, unirradiated and irradiated conditions. The irradiated specimens have been characterized as part of a joint ORNL-EPRI-CRIEPI collaborative program. The Linde 80 weld was selected because it has been extensively characterized in the irradiated condition by conventional specimens, and because of the need to validate application of Mini-CT specimens for low upper-shelf materials — a more likely case for some irradiated materials of older generation RPVs. It is shown that the fracture toughness reference temperatures, To, derived from these Mini-CT specimens are in good agreement with To values previously recorded for this material in the unirradiated and irradiated conditions. However, this study indicates that in real practice it is highly advisable to use a much larger number of specimens than the minimum number prescribed in ASTM E1921.

scholarly journals Comparison of Above-Water Seabird and TriOS Radiometers along an Atlantic Meridional Transect

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1669
Author(s):  
Krista Alikas ◽  
Viktor Vabson ◽  
Ilmar Ansko ◽  
Gavin H. Tilstone ◽  
Giorgio Dall’Olmo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Ocean Color ◽  
Percentage Difference ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reference Measurements ◽  
Satellite Ocean Color ◽  
Good Agreement

The Fiducial Reference Measurements for Satellite Ocean Color (FRM4SOC) project has carried out a range of activities to evaluate and improve the state-of-the-art in ocean color radiometry. This paper described the results from a ship-based intercomparison conducted on the Atlantic Meridional Transect 27 from 23rd September to 5th November 2017. Two different radiometric systems, TriOS-Radiation Measurement Sensor with Enhanced Spectral resolution (RAMSES) and Seabird-Hyperspectral Surface Acquisition System (HyperSAS), were compared and operated side-by-side over a wide range of Atlantic provinces and environmental conditions. Both systems were calibrated for traceability to SI (Système international) units at the same optical laboratory under uniform conditions before and after the field campaign. The in situ results and their accompanying uncertainties were evaluated using the same data handling protocols. The field data revealed variability in the responsivity between TRiOS and Seabird sensors, which is dependent on the ambient environmental and illumination conditions. The straylight effects for individual sensors were mostly within ±3%. A near infra-red (NIR) similarity correction changed the water-leaving reflectance (ρw) and water-leaving radiance (Lw) spectra significantly, bringing also a convergence in outliers. For improving the estimates of in situ uncertainty, it is recommended that additional characterization of radiometers and environmental ancillary measurements are undertaken. In general, the comparison of radiometric systems showed agreement within the evaluated uncertainty limits. Consistency of in situ results with the available Sentinel-3A Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI) data in the range from (400…560) nm was also satisfactory (−8% < Mean Percentage Difference (MPD) < 15%) and showed good agreement in terms of the shape of the spectra and absolute values.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Resistance and Force of a Carbon Nanotube/Metal Side Contact by Nanomanipulation

Scanning ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Yu ◽  
Masahiro Nakajima ◽  
Qing Shi ◽  
Zhan Yang ◽  
Huaping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Resistance ◽  
Contact Force ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Contact Length ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Negative Exponential ◽  
Good Agreement

A high contact resistance restricts the application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in fabrication of field-effect transistors (FETs). Thus, it is important to decrease the contact resistance and investigate the critical influence factors such as the contact length and contact force. This study uses nanomanipulation to characterize both the resistance and the force at a CNT/Au side-contact interface inside a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Two-terminal CNT manipulation methods, and models for calculating the resistance and force at contact area, are proposed to guide the measurement experiments of a total resistance and a cantilever’s elastic deformation. The experimental results suggest that the contact resistance of CNT/Au interface is large (189.5 kΩ) when the van der Waals force (282.1 nN) dominates the contact force at the interface. Electron-beam-induced deposition (EBID) is then carried out to decrease the contact resistance. After depositing seven EBID points, the resistance is decreased to 7.5 kΩ, and the force increases to 1339.8 nN at least. The resistance and force at the contact area where CNT was fixed exhibit a negative exponential correlation before and after EBID. The good agreement of this correlation with previous reports validates the proposed robotic system and methods for characterizing the contact resistance and force.

Enhanced Production of Mycelia by the Medicinal Mushroom Cordyceps militaris Using Plackett-Burman Design and Response Surface Methodology

2011 ◽  
Vol 138-139 ◽  
pp. 1209-1214
Author(s):  
Xiao Yu Liu ◽  
Fan Xing Meng ◽  
Yi Bo Zhang ◽  
Huan He ◽  
Wei Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fermentation Medium ◽  
Cordyceps Militaris ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Burman Design ◽  
Optimization Of Fermentation ◽  
Plackett Burman Design

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for statistical optimization of fermentation medium that influenced the yield of endo-polysaccharide from cultivated mycelia of Cordyceps militaris. First, the Plackett-Burman design was used to evaluate the effects of ten variables including glucose, maltose, peptone, yeast extract, KH2PO4, MgSO4, CaCl2, VB1, inoculum density and medium capacity. Among these variables, glucose, peptone and yeast extract were identified to have the significant effects. Subsequently, response surface methodology based on a five-level three-factor central composite design was employed to determine the maximum dry weight (DW) of mycelial biomass at optimum concentration of glucose, peptone and yeast extract. The mycelia growth was found to correlate to the three parameters that could be represented by second-order polynomial models. The optimal values of the three parameters were determined as 4.62% glucose, 3.36% peptone and 0.43% yeast extract. The prediction DW was 23.727g/L. The actual experimental results were in agreement with the prediction.

scholarly journals Comparisons between ground-based FTIR and MIPAS N<sub>2</sub>O and HNO<sub>3</sub> profiles before and after assimilation in BASCOE

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 8335-8382
Author(s):  
C. Vigouroux ◽  
M. De Mazière ◽  
Q. Errera ◽  
E. Mahieu ◽  
P. Duchatelet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Data Assimilation System ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Middle Stratosphere

Abstract. Within the framework of the Network for Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), regular ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements of many species are performed at several locations. Inversion schemes provide vertical profile information and characterization of the retrieved products which are therefore relevant for contributing to the validation of MIPAS profiles in the stratosphere and upper troposphere. We have focused on the species HNO3 and N2O at 5 NDACC-sites distributed in both hemispheres, i.e., Jungfraujoch (46.5° N) and Kiruna (68° N) for the northern hemisphere, and Wollongong (34° S), Lauder (45° S) and Arrival Heights (78° S) for the southern hemisphere. These ground-based data have been compared with MIPAS offline profiles (v4.61) for the year 2003, collocated within 1000 km around the stations, in the lower to middle stratosphere. To get around the spatial collocation problem, comparisons have also been made between the same ground-based FTIR data and the corresponding profiles resulting from the stratospheric 4D-VAR data assimilation system BASCOE. This paper discusses the results of the comparisons and the usefullness of using BASCOE profiles as proxies for MIPAS data. It shows good agreement between MIPAS and FTIR N2O partial columns: the biases are below 5% for all the stations and the standard deviations are below 7% for the three mid-latitude stations, and below 10% for the high latitude ones. The comparisons with BASCOE partial columns give standard deviations below 4% for the mid-latitude stations to less than 8% for the high-latitude ones. After making some corrections to take into account the known bias due to the use of different spectroscopic parameters, the comparisons of HNO3 partial columns show biases below 3% and standard deviations below 15% for all the stations except Arrival Heights (bias of 6%, standard deviation of 21%). The results for this species, which has a larger spatial variability, highlight the necessity of defining appropriate collocation criteria and of accounting for the spread of the observed airmasses. BASCOE appears to have more deficiencies in producing proxies of MIPAS HNO3 profiles compared to N2O, but the obtained standard deviation of less than 10% between BASCOE and FTIR is reasonable. Similar results on profiles comparisons are also shown in the paper, in addition to partial column ones.

Valorization of de-oiled cakes for xylanase production and optimization using central composite design by Trichoderma koeningi isolate

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Bandikari ◽  
Umamahesh Katike ◽  
Naga Sivudu Seelam ◽  
Vijaya Sarathi Reddy Obulam
Keyword(s):  
Central Composite Design ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Fermentation Medium ◽  
Xylanase Production ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Medium Components ◽  
The Media ◽  
Burman Design ◽  
Plackett Burman Design ◽  
Central Composite

AbstractAimEvaluation of the medium components and conditions for the optimization of xylanase production in submerged fermentation byMethodswas identified by the 18s rRNA. NaOH pre-treated corn cobs were used in order to reduce the crystallinity of corn cobs. De-oiled cakes proximate composition was analyzed according to AOAC. Plackett-Burman design (PBD) was used to screen the 19 media variables that affect xylanase production and optimized the media by central composite design (CCD).ResultsThe isolate was identified asConclusionNaOH pre-treated corn cobs were used with mustard cake powder as fermentation medium constituent to induce the xylanase production. From the results we conclude that mustard cake induced the xylanase production.

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