scholarly journals Determination and Application of Maximum Efficiency Curve of Crawler Electric Tractor Motors

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Changgao Xia ◽  
Donglin Jiang ◽  
Gaogao Shang ◽  
Jiangyi Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Continuous Operation ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Drive Control ◽  
Full Charge

With the excessive use of fossil fuels such as oil, the energy crisis and environmental pollution have become important problems related to people’s livelihoods. In agriculture, as a new type of green agricultural machinery, the electric tractor has the advantages of high energy utilization and no exhaust emission. The motor is the core component of an electric tractor’s drive system. Its characteristics and control directly affect a tractor’s operating efficiency, operating quality, and energy consumption. A motor drive control scheme based on a characteristic curve at the maximum efficiency of an electric motor was adopted to address the problems of low motor power utilization and short continuous operation time on a full charge in electric tractors. By leveraging methods to obtain characteristic curves at the lowest fuel consumption for gasoline engines, we determined the characteristic curve at the maximum efficiency for a motor in a crawler-type electric tractor. Plowing is the most basic form of tractor operation, and it represents the agricultural work that accounts for most of a tractor’s use. A field test was conducted on the drive control in plowing operation based on the curve, and the energy consumed to plow each m2, continuous plowing operation time on a full charge, and operating efficiency were tested. The test results showed plowing power consumption per m2 of about 8.40 × 10−3 kWh and work efficiency of 707.07 m2/h. Compared with the traditional tractor, the cost of plowing 1 m2 by the crawler-type electric tractor was reduced by 20.3%–32.5%. Because the control improves operating efficiency, battery energy consumption is reduced and continuous operation time is extended; hence, the control achieves its purpose.

Preliminary Study on CO2 Processing in CO2 Capture From Oxy-Fuel Combustion

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Li ◽  
J. Yan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Excess Oxygen ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Gas Processing ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption

Oxy-fuel combustion is one of promising technologies for CO2 capture, which uses simple flue gas processing normally including compression, dehydration and purification/liquefaction (non-condensable gas separation). However relatively high levels of impurities in the flu gas present more challenges for the gas processing procedure. This paper studied the sensitivity of operating parameters to inlet composition, the effects of impurities on energy consumption, and the relationship between energy consumption and operating parameters. Results show that comparatively the total compression work is more sensitive to the composition of SO2 if the total mass flow is constant; while the operating temperature of purification is more sensitive to N2. To pursue the minimum energy consumption, from the viewpoint of impurity, the content of O2, N2, Ar and H2O should be lowered as much as possible, which means the amount of air leakage into the system and excess oxygen should be controlled at a low level in the combustion; as to SO2, if it is possible to co-deposit with CO2, its existence may be helpful to decrease compression work. From the viewpoint of operating parameters, low intermediate pressure, high intercooling temperature and high outlet pressure are favorable to achieve high energy utilization, if heat recovery is considered.

Study on Energy Saving of Hybrid Hydraulic Excavator

2013 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 158-162
Author(s):  
Wen Hai Wu ◽  
Jian Ke ◽  
Huan Long Liu ◽  
Yu Lan Yang ◽  
Hui Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Control Function ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Hydraulic Excavator ◽  
Theoretical Simulation ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Traditional Structure ◽  
High Energy Consumption

For the high energy consumption and poor emission of a medium-sized hydraulic excavator, energy consumption point is analyzed combined with the advantages of the electric hybrid system. The energy recovery schematic of the system is designed. Mathematical models of the slewing system are established and theoretical simulation is conducted, and it is compared with the traditional structure. The velocity, displacement, and energy consumption curves of the two systems are concluded under the same conditions. The comparison shows that: energy saving of the electric hybrid slewing system is 37.27% compared with the traditional system. And the electric hybrid slewing system has the characteristics of the better control function and the higher energy utilization.

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency Initiatives for A Hospital Building in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-155
Author(s):  
Mohamad Saiful Islam Aziz ◽  
Hasbullah Harun ◽  
Ahmad Shahril Izham Ramli ◽  
Azlin Mohd Azmi ◽  
Nofri Yenita Dahlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Engineering System ◽  
Commercial Sector ◽  
Energy Audit ◽  
Hospital Building ◽  
Energy Consumptions

In the past decades, research about energy consumption reduction has become a trend due to concern of energy wastage that leads to the negative impact on the environment. Commercial sector produces higher energy consumption compared to other sectors in Malaysia and hospital building is one of the highest energy consumptions in the commercial sector. Continuous operation time and complexity of engineering system are some of the reasons for high energy consumptions in hospital buildings that leads to high energy costs. This study examines the electricity load apportioning for a hospital building in Selangor, Malaysia through a detailed energy audit. From the energy audit, several Energy Efficiency Initiatives (EEI) were identified in reducing the energy usage in hospital: room temperature control, efficient lighting system, efficient unit for Air-Conditioning Split Unit (ACSU) and Variable Speed Drive (VSD) installation. The EEIs is expected to produce a total electricity saving of 1,250,692 kWh/year, equivalent to a cost saving of RM 421, 706/year and total emission reduction of 869 tonnes CO2 per year.

scholarly journals China’s Auto Industry Upgrade Process Based on Aging Chain and Coflow Model

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Baojian Zhang ◽  
Pengli Li ◽  
Huaguo Zhou ◽  
Xiaohang Yue
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Auto Industry ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Dynamic Matching

To protect energy resources and alleviate environmental pollution, many countries attach great importance to the transformation of traditional industries into clean energy industries. In this paper, fuel vehicles (FVs), hybrid vehicles (HVs), and electric vehicles (EVs) are included in the research. Then, based on the aging chain and coflow theory of SDs, we construct a dynamic matching model of the auto industry upgrade process and its energy consumption attributes. The simulation results of China’s auto industry show that (1) the upgrading of the auto industry is an evolutionary process from high energy consumption and high pollution to low energy consumption and no pollution and the transition from FVs and HVs to EVs will undergo two adjustments; (2) simply reducing energy supply does not have the expected impact on vehicle size and vehicle energy consumption intensity and only by adjusting the energy supply and upgrade ratios together, energy utilization efficiency can be improved; (3) market screening time has an impact on auto industry upgrade speed by affecting vehicle market share and dwell time; (4) China’s auto industry upgrade process should adhere to “problem-oriented” and strengthen consumer guidance, technology innovation, and infrastructure construction. The conclusions can provide references for industrial policy adjustment and industrial structure optimization.

Development and Application of an Energy Utilization System for Organic Wastewater

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Shinian ◽  
Yan Guangyu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Chemical Exergy ◽  
Pond Size ◽  
Oxidation Ponds ◽  
Organic Wastewater

The main characteristic of an energy utilization system for organic wastewater is the combination of treatment structures with oxidation ponds, thus compensating for their deficiencies. Depending on the different environmental and economic conditions, various types of treatment can be used and can work well. The main features of the system are as follows: 1. alteration of the microbial phase by using high-energy aquatic plants in place of algal-bacterial systems; 2. Reduction of the problem of pond size by: including the ponds as part of urban afforestation areas; increasing the capacity of treatment sites by designing the ponds as a tower or steps; if land is limited, using pretreat-ment to reduce the size of ponds; 3. the utilization of solar energy to carry out the energy conversion of chemical exergy, avoiding the conversion of exergy into anergy. The energy consumption can be minimized and the problem of aquatic plants in the ponds during winter can be partially solved.

scholarly journals Choice of the Optimal Design and Operation of Multi-Energy Conversion Systems in a Prosecco Wine Cellar

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6252
Author(s):  
Davide Pivetta ◽  
Sergio Rech ◽  
Andrea Lazzaretto
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Absorption Chiller ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Energy Demands

Despite the high energy consumption of wine making processes, little efforts have been spent so far, both at the industrial and scientific level, to search for alternative energy systems in wine cellars. In fact, almost all the existing cellars take electricity from the grid and burn natural gas or other fossil fuels to fulfil their energy demands. This paper analyses the energy demands of a real Prosecco wine cellar in the North East of Italy, which can be considered as a “reference” cellar for dimensions and wine production. The goal is to find the best energy conversion system in terms of maximum profits, efficiency and share of renewable energy utilization. Four alternative design configurations are proposed, and each one optimized considering the three objectives. Results show that a 35% gain in the maximum profits is obtained by including a natural gas fueled CHP internal combustion engine and an absorption chiller. This configuration is also the best one to achieve the maximum efficiency (61%), resulting in 18% reduction of primary energy consumption. Conversely, the utilization of a biomass boiler and an absorption chiller allows maximizing the share of renewable energy consumption, which is about 35% considering the existing availability of biomass from pruning harvesting and the relative limited surface available for photovoltaic generation. This option may become economically interesting when the price of natural gas increases of at least 50%.

Separation of Biologically Active Compounds by Membrane Operations

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Zhu ◽  
Renbi Bai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Membrane Processes ◽  
Separation Technology ◽  
Pressure Driven

Background: Bioactive compounds from various natural sources have been attracting more and more attention, owing to their broad diversity of functionalities and availabilities. However, many of the bioactive compounds often exist at an extremely low concentration in a mixture so that massive harvesting is needed to obtain sufficient amounts for their practical usage. Thus, effective fractionation or separation technologies are essential for the screening and production of the bioactive compound products. The applicatons of conventional processes such as extraction, distillation and lyophilisation, etc. may be tedious, have high energy consumption or cause denature or degradation of the bioactive compounds. Membrane separation processes operate at ambient temperature, without the need for heating and therefore with less energy consumption. The “cold” separation technology also prevents the possible degradation of the bioactive compounds. The separation process is mainly physical and both fractions (permeate and retentate) of the membrane processes may be recovered. Thus, using membrane separation technology is a promising approach to concentrate and separate bioactive compounds. Methods: A comprehensive survey of membrane operations used for the separation of bioactive compounds is conducted. The available and established membrane separation processes are introduced and reviewed. Results: The most frequently used membrane processes are the pressure driven ones, including microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF). They are applied either individually as a single sieve or in combination as an integrated membrane array to meet the different requirements in the separation of bioactive compounds. Other new membrane processes with multiple functions have also been developed and employed for the separation or fractionation of bioactive compounds. The hybrid electrodialysis (ED)-UF membrane process, for example has been used to provide a solution for the separation of biomolecules with similar molecular weights but different surface electrical properties. In contrast, the affinity membrane technology is shown to have the advantages of increasing the separation efficiency at low operational pressures through selectively adsorbing bioactive compounds during the filtration process. Conclusion: Individual membranes or membrane arrays are effectively used to separate bioactive compounds or achieve multiple fractionation of them with different molecule weights or sizes. Pressure driven membrane processes are highly efficient and widely used. Membrane fouling, especially irreversible organic and biological fouling, is the inevitable problem. Multifunctional membranes and affinity membranes provide the possibility of effectively separating bioactive compounds that are similar in sizes but different in other physical and chemical properties. Surface modification methods are of great potential to increase membrane separation efficiency as well as reduce the problem of membrane fouling. Developing membranes and optimizing the operational parameters specifically for the applications of separation of various bioactive compounds should be taken as an important part of ongoing or future membrane research in this field.

A Split Network based Routing Approach in Wireless Sensor Network to Enhance Network Stability

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hardeep S. Saini ◽  
Dinesh Arora
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Network Stability ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Ch Selection

Background & Objective: The operating efficiency of a sensor network totally relies upon the energy that is consumed by the nodes to perform various tasks like data transmission etc. Thus, it becomes mandatory to consume the energy in an intelligent way so that the network can run for a long period. This paper proposed an energy efficient Cluster Head (CH) selection mechanism by considering the distance to Base Station (BS), distance to node and energy as major factors. The concept of volunteer node is also introduced with an objective to reduce the energy consumption of the CH to transmit data from source to BS. The role of the volunteer node is to transmit the data successfully from source to destination or BS. Conclusion: The results are observed with respect to the Alive nodes, dead nodes and energy consumption of the network. The outcome of the proposed work proves that it outperforms the traditional mechanisms.

Spatial-temporal data collection process models using mobile sinks

2019 ◽  
Vol 942 (12) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
A.V. Materuhin ◽  
V.V. Shakhov ◽  
O.D. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Mobile Sinks ◽  
Autonomous Operation ◽  
Data Collection Process ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Optimization of energy consumption in geosensor networks is a very important factor in ensuring stability, since geosensors used for environmental monitoring have limited possibilities for recharging batteries. The article is a concise presentation of the research results in the area of increasing the energy consumption efficiency for the process of collecting spatio-temporal data with wireless geosensor networks. It is shown that in the currently used configurations of geosensor networks there is a predominant direction of the transmitted traffic, which leads to the fact that through the routing nodes that are close to the sinks, a much more traffic passes than through other network nodes. Thus, an imbalance of energy consumption arises in the network, which leads to a decrease in the autonomous operation time of the entire wireless geosensor networks. It is proposed to use the possible mobility of sinks as an optimization resource. A mathematical model for the analysis of the lifetime of a wireless geosensor network using mobile sinks is proposed. The model is analyzed from the point of view of optimization energy consumption by sensors. The proposed approach allows increasing the lifetime of wireless geosensor networks by optimizing the relocation of mobile sinks.

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