scholarly journals A Sustainable Design Strategy Based on Building Morphology to Improve the Microclimate of University Campuses in Cold Regions of China Using an Optimization Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Shuo Chen ◽  
Peng Cui ◽  
Hongyuan Mei
Keyword(s):  
Multiobjective Optimization ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Cold Regions ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
Outdoor Spaces ◽  
Road Width ◽  
Plot Ratio

The microclimate affects the quality and efficiency of outdoor spaces of campuses, especially in the cold regions of China. In this paper, we propose a multiobjective optimization method to improve the thermal comfort of the outdoor environment of university campuses in severe cold regions. We used morphology data from 41 universities in the cold region of China to create a layout prototype of a campus cluster. Multiobjective optimization was used, and the effects of sunlight, solar radiation, and wind on the outdoor thermal comfort in winter were considered. A parameterized platform was established for the multiobjective optimization of the microclimate of the simplified model of the campus. A multiobjective optimization based on an evolutionary algorithm was used to obtain 108 groups of nondominated solutions. The optimum outdoor microclimate of the campus was obtained at a building density of 0.21–0.23, a plot ratio of 1.51–1.88, and a road width of 11–14 m. We recommend that buildings are designed based on the wind direction in winter and that the space between buildings is increased.

Study on Design Strategies for Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort in the Cold Regions of China

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 3798-3801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Yu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
North China ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Cold Regions ◽  
Winter Climate ◽  
Thermal Environments ◽  
The North ◽  
Xi’An City

Along with the improvement of dwelling quality, the length of time and frequency of outdoor activities in winter greatly increase in the north China area, although the outdoor thermal environments are still unsatisfactory. It is necessary for both planners and architects to improve outdoor thermal environments in the cold regions of north China. This paper firstly introduces the general winter climate features in some north China cities. Then, it takes Xi'an city as an example to show the shortage of uncomfortable outdoor environment. Thirdly, the design strategies to improve outdoors thermal comfort include wind and snow protection, sunlight usage, environmental zones and recreational facilities, etc. are discussed.

scholarly journals Summer Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Urban Commercial Pedestrian Streets in Severe Cold Regions of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Zhu ◽  
Jing Liang ◽  
Cheng Sun ◽  
Yunsong Han
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Psychological Adaptation ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
View Factor ◽  
Cold Regions

This paper investigates outdoor thermal comfort in summer in commercial pedestrian streets in Harbin, using meteorological measurements and questionnaire surveys (1013 valid questionnaires). The results demonstrate that: (1) Thermal sensation has a lower range in an outdoor environment with smaller sky view factor (SVF) and less fluctuation, while the thermal sensation vote (TSV) range is more dispersed in an outdoor environment with larger SVF and more fluctuation; (2) In the urban, high-density commercial districts in Harbin, the air temperature and solar radiation have a greater influence on outdoor thermal sensation, while wind speed has less of an influence, and residents in areas with less fluctuations are more sensitive to air temperature and solar radiation; (3) The universal thermal climate index (UTCI) can accurately evaluate outdoor thermal comfort in Harbin in summer, with a neutral UTCI value of 19.3 °C and a range from 15.6 to 23.0 °C; (4) The actual acceptable thermal range is 16.8–29.3 °C, and this takes into account the psychological adaptation of the residents, which provides a more practical reference value; (5) With reference to the psychological adaptation, the outdoor thermal sensation of residents in early summer is about 0.5 TSV higher than that in late summer. These results provide a theoretical basis and a technical reference for the design of commercial pedestrian streets in severe cold regions.

Implications of Building Material Choice on Outdoor Microclimate for Sustainable Built Environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 82-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kannamma ◽  
A. Meenatchi Sundaram
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Physiological Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Material Choice ◽  
The Impact

The climatic conditions in a man-made urban environment may differ appreciably from those in the surrounding natural or rural environs.... each urban man-made buildings, roads, parking area, factories......creates around and above it a modified climate with which it interacts [1].Outdoor thermal comfort has gained importance in thermal comfort studies especially in tropical countries. In country like India, culturally the activities are spread both indoors and outdoors. Therefore the need for ambient outdoor environment gains importance. As there are many factors that contribute to outdoor thermal comfort (climatic factors and physical factors), this study aims in analyzing the impact of building material contribution, in an institutional courtyard. In order to understand the thermal contribution of various building materials and to suggest material choice to designers, ENVIMET is used for simulation purpose. The outdoor thermal comfort index employed in this study is PET (Physiological Equivalent Temperature), calibrated using RAYMAN.

scholarly journals Investigating outdoor thermal comfort of educational building complex in urban area: A case study in Universitas Kebangsaan, Bandung city

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-101
Author(s):  
Try Ramadhan ◽  
Aldissain Jurizat ◽  
Andina Syafrina ◽  
Amat Rahmat
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Campus Building

Campus building was a place to accommodate various educational activities, which were both carried out indoors and outdoors. The environment, including the building and its exterior, provided thermal comfort that was influenced by the context, such as the mass of the facility, vegetation, and constructing envelope materials. The microclimate also influenced the environment, such as temperature, wind speed, and humidity. This study aimed to investigate the outdoor thermal comfort of campus building in urban area during summer, while also identifying the influential factors. This research referred to a case study, examining the thermal quality of the educational building environment using ENVI-met software, based on the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) index as an indicator of outdoor thermal comfort, in Universitas Kebangsaan (UK). The results showed that the outdoor environment had low thermal comfort conditions during the day, as it also had different thermal satisfactory situations, due to differences in physical characteristics in each zone. This characteristics included, (1) The SVF determinant as indicators of the shading factor should be supported by the presence of vegetation and the use of pavement material, (2) Although the wind speed factor does not really affect the thermal comfort in the outdoor space, the interconnection between open gaps is likely to make breeze distribution in the area better. This study offered direction for campus planning, in order to maintain the optimal capacity of the natural environment, such as (1) Strategizing to create a better shadowing factor in the outer space, which was supported by controlling the use of pavement materials, (2) Directing the density of buildings by making open spaces more permeable, in order for better wind distribution in the area. From this study, the campus current conditions and future design development potential was also observed.

scholarly journals The Effects of Different Space Forms in Residential Areas on Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Severe Cold Regions of China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 3960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheming Liu ◽  
Yumeng Jin ◽  
Hong Jin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
The South ◽  
Cold Regions ◽  
Space Forms ◽  
Transition Season ◽  
Outdoor Spaces ◽  
Outdoor Space ◽  
Comfort Condition

In the context of global climate change and accelerated urbanization, the deterioration of the urban living environment has had a serious negative impact on the life of residents. However, studies on the effects of forms and configurations of outdoor spaces in residential areas on the outdoor thermal environment based on the particularity of climate in severe cold regions are very limited. Through field measurements of the thermal environment at the pedestrian level in the outdoor space of residential areas in three seasons (summer, the transition season and winter) in Harbin, China, this study explored the effects of forms and configurations of three typical outdoor spaces (the linear block, the enclosed block, and the square) on the thermal environment and thermal comfort using the Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET). The results show that the thermal environment of all outdoor space forms was relatively comfortable in the transition season but was uncomfortable in summer and winter. The full-enclosed block with a lower sky view factor (SVF) had a higher thermal comfort condition in summer and winter. The linear block with higher buildings and wider south–north spacing had a higher thermal comfort condition in summer and winter. When the buildings on the south side were lower and the south–north spacing was wider, the thermal environment of the square was more comfortable in winter.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Effect of Water Body on the Thermal Environment and Comfort at Indoor and Outdoor Spaces in Tropical University Campus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 282-288
Author(s):  
Farhadur Reza ◽  
◽  
Shoichi Kojima ◽  
Wataru Ando
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Clothing Insulation ◽  
Comfort Index ◽  
Outdoor Spaces ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
And Performance ◽  
University Spaces

Water bodies play a significant role in its surrounding thermal environment. Thermal comfort in university spaces is critical that affects the students’ health and performance as well as the staffs. This study investigated thermal environment and comfort near lakeside and non-lakeside tropical university spaces. Standard Effective Temperature (SET*) have been calculated using recorded air temperature, relative humidity, globe temperature, air velocity, clothing insulation and metabolic rate to evaluate the thermal comfort in outdoor and indoor spaces. The effects of weather parameters have been clearly visible on the comfort index. The calculated SET* values indicate that the outdoor thermal comfort near a lake is much closer to the standard comfort zone than non-lakeside outdoor space. In the case of indoor thermal comfort, however, slightly a different scenario has been observed. To achieve the desirable indoor thermal environment, some design considerations are recommended based on findings.

scholarly journals Study on Outdoor Thermal Comfort in the Transitional Season of Hefei

2020 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 01026
Author(s):  
Jinwei Li ◽  
Lilin Zhao ◽  
Zheyao Peng ◽  
Zijian Wang ◽  
Taotao Shui
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Human Thermal Comfort ◽  
Transition Season ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
The Relationship

In order to study the outdoor thermal comfort during the transition season in Hefei, a university in Hefei adopted a combination of field environmental measurements and questionnaires to study the changes in thermal sensation and thermal comfort of outdoor people before and after the transition season. The rankings of the effects of temperature, wind speed, humidity, and solar radiation on human thermal comfort were obtained through surveys, and the proportion of each parameter’s influence on human thermal comfort was analyzed. The relationship between thermal sensation and thermal comfort was analyzed, and the application was established through regression analysis Prediction model of thermal sensation in autumn and winter outdoor environment in Hefei area.

Study on Outdoor and Semi-Outdoor Thermal Comfort of College Campus in Central Taiwan

2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 624-628
Author(s):  
Wen Pei Sung ◽  
Shih Tai Hu ◽  
Yu Kuang Zhao ◽  
Lei Wei
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Subtropical Zone ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Environment ◽  
Outdoor Comfort ◽  
Central Taiwan

Taiwan is a small island. Some of college campuses are very tiny with large hard pavement to cause un-comfortable outdoor environment. Most of faculty and students like to stay at classroom and use air-conditioner to establish comfort thermal environment. Thus, the outdoor and semi-outdoor thermal equipments are used to detect the parameters of weather. The test and analysis results show that hard pavements cause the un-comfortable outdoor comfort. Mean Radiant Temperatures of grass in summer is higher than the other pavement because that grass pavement is lack of moisture to causes bad outdoor thermal comfort. Therefore, the fine outdoor and semi-outdoor thermal comfort environment should consider the permeable pavement and grass with suitable moisture to cause better outdoor thermal environment and large arbores should be planted widely in campus to establish a better semi-outdoor thermal temperature in campus of the subtropical zone.

scholarly journals Improving Comfort and Health: Green Retrofit Designs for Sunken Courtyards during the Summer Period in a Subtropical Climate

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Gang Han ◽  
Yueming Wen ◽  
Jiawei Leng ◽  
Lijun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Adaptive Design ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Green Wall ◽  
Outdoor Spaces ◽  
Primary Measure

The sunken courtyard has long been used in underground spaces and provides an important outdoor environment. It introduces natural elements to create a pleasant space for human activities. However, this study measured a typical sunken courtyard and found potential problems of excessive solar radiation and accumulated air pollutants in summer when at an acceptable outdoor temperature for human activities. To improve the comfort and health of a sunken courtyard, this research proposes some green retrofit designs. Firstly, compared with green wall, water and a tree, sunshade is a primary measure to improve thermal comfort. Combining sunshade, a green wall and water reduces the temperature by up to 5.6 °C in the activity zone during the hottest hour. Secondly, blocking/guiding wind walls can effectively improve the wind environment in a sunken courtyard, but only when the wind direction is close to the prevailing wind. A blocking wind wall was better at affecting velocity and uniformity, while the guiding wind wall was more efficient at discharging air pollutants. This study initially discusses the climate-adaptive design of underground spaces in terms of green, thermal comfort and natural ventilation. Designers should generally integrate above/underground and indoor/outdoor spaces using natural and artificial resources to improve comfort and health in underground spaces.

scholarly journals Outdoor Thermal Comfort Optimization through Vegetation Parameterization: Species and Tree Layout

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11791
Author(s):  
Bouthaina Sayad ◽  
Djamel Alkama ◽  
Redha Rebhi ◽  
Younes Menni ◽  
Hijaz Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Atmospheric Model ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Outdoor Spaces ◽  
Ficus Nitida

The optimization of outdoor thermal comfort has become the keystone to guarantee the healthy and comfortable use of outdoor spaces. This study aims to optimize the outdoor thermal comfort through vegetation parameterization in a boulevard located in Guelma city, Algeria during summertime. However, two main parameters were investigated, species and tree layout, through a numerical simulation. We first collected microclimate data of a sunny summer day. Second, we used real microclimate data in different simulations using the Envi-met atmospheric model. The findings reveal that Ficus Nitida is the most significant species to intercept solar radiation and provide shade over the day in Souidani Boudjemaa Boulevard, with a maximum reduction of Ta = 0.3 °C and UTCI = 2.6 °C at 13:00 p.m. Tree layout is a determining parameter in the creation of shaded paths, based on the quality of the shadows cast by the trees, namely, their size. Thereby, planting the washingtonia palm trees along the center of the boulevard is the best option to maximize the shaded area within the boulevard, with maximum reduction of Ta = 1.8 °C and UTCI = 3.5 °C at 16:00 p.m.

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