scholarly journals Evaluation of Antidiarrheal Activity of 80% Methanolic Extract of the Leaves of Cordia africana (Lamiaceae) in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yared Andargie Ferede ◽  
Woretaw Sisay Zewdu ◽  
Mulugeta Molla Zeleke ◽  
Muluken Adela Alemu
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Single Oral Administration ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Cordia Africana

Background. Diarrheal disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world, particularly in developing countries. Currently available drugs are linked with adverse effects, contraindications, and risk of resistance. Traditionally, the leaf concoction of Cordia africana is claimed to be used for diarrhea. However, the safety and efficacy of the leaf extract have not been scientifically approved yet. Therefore, the study was conducted to validate its antidiarrheal activity and safety profile in mice. Method. The hydromethanolic extract was obtained by the cold maceration technique in 80% methanol. Phytochemical screening tests were done for secondary metabolites by using standard tests. The antidiarrheal activity of the test extract at the doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg was evaluated by using castor oil-induced diarrheal, gastrointestinal transit, and enteropooling models in mice. Result. In an acute toxicity study, there were no visible signs of toxicity and mortality following a single oral administration of 2000 mg/kg. Phytochemical screening tests revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, and tannins. The hydromethanolic extract significantly prolonged the onset of diarrhea and reduced the weight of wet and total feces at 100 ( P < 0.01 ), 200 ( P < 0.001 ), and 400 mg/kg ( P < 0.001 ) in the castor oil-induced diarrheal model. However, in the gastrointestinal transit model, a significant ( P < 0.001 ) reduction in the charcoal meal travel was observed in the middle (200 mg/kg) and higher (400 mg/kg) test doses. Similarly, the extract produced a significant ( P < 0.001 ) reduction in the weight and volume of intestinal contents at the aforementioned doses. Conclusion. The study demonstrated that the test extract showed promising antidiarrheal activity. Hence, this study supports its antidiarrheal use in Ethiopian folklore medicine.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Phytochemical and Anti-diarrheal Activity of Methanol Stembark Extract of Combretum hypopilinum Diels (Combretaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
H.A. Ismail ◽  
H.S. Hassan ◽  
M. Ilyas ◽  
A.A. Sadam ◽  
A.A. Sadam
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Atropine Sulphate ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Gastric Transit Time

Introduction: The plant Combretum hypopilinum has many medicinal uses in Africa. Infusion of fresh or dry leaves are commonly taken as cholagogic, diuretic, and purgative and also to treat gastrointestinal disorders, including diarrhoea, dysentery, and stomach achesObjective: To carry out phytochemical and antidiarrheal studies on the methanol stembark extract of C. hypopilinum.Methods: The C. hypopilinum stembark (1kg) were extracted with methanol using cold maceration method for 9 days. The solvent was removed by rotary evaporator and the extract was partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate to give the n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate fractions respectively. The extract was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening, acute toxicity study and antidiarrheal activity using animal models.Result: The following metabolites: carbohydrates, alkaloids, phenol, steroids, terpenes, saponins, flavonoids and tannins were revealed when the phytochemical screening of the plant extract was carried out. The oral median lethal dose (LD50) of crude extract in mice and rats was estimated to be above 5000 mg/kg. The antidiarrheal activity carried out at dose 150, 300 and 600 mg/bw i.p. using castor oil induced diarrheal, gastric-transit time and anti-enteropooling tests in mice and rats. The extract significantly (P<0.05) inhibited diarrheal in mice and rats with highest protection/ inhibition of 93.1% and 87.9% at doses of 600 and 300 mg/kg (dose dependently) which compared with atropine sulphate (86.2%) respectively, in the castor-oil induced diarrheal test in mice. The extract also significantly (P<0.05) inhibited diarrheal in charcoal meal test with the highest % protection of 24.38% at dose 600 mg/kg and compared with loperamide (28.80%). The anti-enteropooling test in rats showed 68% inhibition of diarrheal as compared to atropine sulphate with 78% inhibition.Conclusion: The results indicated that the methanol stembark extract of Combretum hypopilinum possesses significant dose dependant antidiarrheal activity (p<0.05) in all the antidiarrheal tests. Thus, the traditional use of the plant for the treatment of diarrheal is highly justified in this study.

Antidiarrheal activity of Bridelia ferruginea bark methanolic extract involves modulation ATPases in mice and inhibition of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3) and prostaglandin E2 receptor 3 (EP3) in silico

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blessing Olugbamila Omolaso ◽  
Julius Kolawole Adesanwo ◽  
Ahmed Adebayo Ishola ◽  
Adeoti Gbemisola Adegoke ◽  
Francis O. Akingbule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Muscarinic Acetylcholine ◽  
Bridelia Ferruginea ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Prostaglandin E2 Receptor

Abstract Objectives Diarrhea, an abnormal state in which the individual has about three or more daily bowel movements, is now considered one of the most challenging global public health problems. Using plant products, such as Bridelia ferruginea is an alternative treatment option. The objective of this study was to investigate the antidiarrheal activity of B. ferruginea bark methanolic extract (BfME) and the mechanisms involved. Methods BfME antidiarrheal activity was evaluated in mice model of castor oil-induced diarrhea and enteropooling. To evaluate motility, gastrointestinal transit time was carried out using phenol red meal, while intestinal activities of selected ATPases were also evaluated. Furthermore, the active components in BfME were detected by GC-MS analysis, while molecular docking of the most abundant compounds with muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3) and prostaglandin E2 receptor 3 (EP3) were conducted. Results BfME at 400 and 800 mg/kg showed antidiarrheal activity by delaying onset of diarrhea, reduced gastrointestinal transit and increased intestinal activities of Na+ K+-ATPase, Ca2+ Mg2+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase. Molecular docking revealed that γ-sitosterol, α-amyrin, and stigmasterol have outstanding binding affinity for M3 and EP3. Conclusions In view of these results, the observed antidiarrheal activity possibly occurs via the activation of ATPases activities and inhibition of M3 and EP3.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF ANTI-DIARRHOEAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF CLERODENDRUM INFORTUNATUM

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Animesh Hazarika ◽  
Dipankar Saha
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity

Objective: To determine preliminary phytochemical Screening and evaluation of Antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic extract of Leaves Clerodendrum infortunatum.Methods: The ethanolic extract of leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum was prepared and analyzed for phytochemical constituents using standard method and evaluate scientifically the anti-diarrheal effect using leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum by castor oil-inducing method. Animals were divided into four groups. Group-I was treated with distilled water 2 ml/kg body weight. Group-II was treated with loperamide 1 mg/kg body weight, Group-III and Group-IV were treated with ethanolic extract of leaves Clerodendrum infortunatum 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight respectively.Results: Various phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of sterols, terpenoids, alkaloids, carbohydrates, tannins, glycoside, saponins, proteins and amino acids. The ethanolic extract of Clerodendrum infortunatum leaves given by oral route to mice at doses of 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg significantly showed antidiarrheal activity against castor oil induced diarrhea as compared with control group and standard.Conclusion: The present study concluded that ethanolic extract of leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum contain the high presence of phytochemical components and it showed that the leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum having significant antidiarrheal activity. All doses of the plant extracts showed a significant delay in castor oil-induced diarrhea and this justifies the use of this plant as a herbal remedy against diarrhea. 

scholarly journals Antidiarrheal activity of methanolic extract of the root bark of Cordia africana

2016 ◽  
Vol Volume 8 ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assefa Belay Asrie ◽  
Mohammedbrhan Abdelwuhab ◽  
Zewdneh Shewamene ◽  
Desalegn Asmelashe Gelayee ◽  
Getnet Mequanint Adinew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Cordia Africana

scholarly journals Antidiarrhoeal Studies of Methanol Leaf Extract of Cassia sieberiana Dc in Wistar Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Jude Nwaogu ◽  
Ibrahim Babangida Abubakar ◽  
Esther Omolade Olaosebikan
Keyword(s):  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Aim: This study was aimed at evaluating the antidiarrhoeal effect methanol leaf extract of Cassia sieberiana. Methodology: The leaf extract of Cassia sieberiana was obtained by extraction using methanol and subjected to phytochemical screening using standard methods. The anti-diarrhoeal effect of methanol leaf extract of Cassia sieberiana DC was investigated in Wistar Albino rats. Results: The result of phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, phenols, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, steroids, flavonoids and anthraquinoes. The methanol extract significantly (P<.05) reduced the number of unformed faeces in castor oil induced diarrhoea in the rats. It also significantly (P<.05) reduced the gastrointestinal transit of activated charcoal as well as enteropooling in the rats used for the experiment was significantly reduced (P<.05) in the groups treated with 500 mg/kg and 750 mg/kg. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, the methanol leaf extract of Cassia sieberiana possess anti-diarrheal activity and therefore validates its use in traditional medicine for the treatment of diarrhoea.

scholarly journals Antidiarrhoeal activity of rind of Punica granatum

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleha Akter ◽  
Amit Sarker ◽  
Md. Sanowar Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Standard Drug

Punica granatum (Family: Punicaceae) is a widely consumed fruit in Bangladesh locally known as Anar or Bedana. Traditionally the plant is used to treat diarrhoea, dysentery, hemorrhage, tuberculosis and chronic periodontitis. The present study was undertaken in order to justify and authenticate the traditional use of rind of P. granatum fruit in diarrhoea. Methanolic extract of the rind of the fruit was tested in castor oil- and magnesium sulfate-induced diarrhoea in mice at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight. The results of the present study revealed significant antidiarrhoeal activity (p<0.001) in both animal models. The extract inhibited 31.25% defaecation at the dose of 200 mg/kg and 53.75% at the dose of 400 mg/kg in castor oil-induced diarrhoea while standard drug loperamide inhibited 71.25% defaecation. In magnesium sulfate-induced diarrhoea the inhibition of defaecation was 45.71 and 57.14% at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively while loperamide inhibited 64.29% defaecation. The antidiarrhoeal effect of the extract was concentration dependent in both castor oil-induced diarrhoea and magnesium sulfate-induced diarrhoea. Phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of flavonoids and alkaloids that may play key role in its antidiarrhoeal activity. The results of the present study validate the folkloric use of the rind of P. granatum in the treatment of diarrhoea.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i5.14437 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, April 2013, 2(5): 101-104

scholarly journals Evaluation of In Vivo Antidiarrheal Activities of Hydroalcoholic Leaf Extract of Dodonaea viscosa L.(Sapindaceae) in Swiss Albino Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 2515690X1989195
Author(s):  
Jemal Abdela
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dodonaea Viscosa ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Albino Mice

Traditionally people used Dodonaea viscosa for the treatment of various ailments, including diarrhea. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of the 80% methanolic leaf extract of D viscosa against castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice models. Different doses of 80% methanolic leaf extract of D viscosa (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) were evaluated for their antidiarrheal activities using castor oil–induced diarrhea, gastrointestinal transit, and enteropooling models in Swiss albino mice. At all test doses, the plant extract showed significant ( P < .05) inhibition in the frequency of defecation of wet feces and total fecal output as compared to the control group. Similarly, at all dose ranges used the plant extract demonstrated significant ( P < .05) reduction in an intraluminal fluid accumulation as compared to the untreated group. Besides, at higher doses, the plant extract also indicated significant ( P < .05) antimotility activity in comparison with the control. In conclusion, these findings illustrated that the 80% methanolic leaf extract of D viscosa supported the traditional claim of antidiarrheal activity of the plant though further investigations are warranted.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory and Anti-diarrhoeal Activity of Leaf Aqueous Extracts of Zizyphus Lotus (L) in Albino Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Amira Fatma HANI ◽  
Mohamed ZAOUANI ◽  
Nora MIMOUNE ◽  
Lynda AINOUZ ◽  
Baya DJELLOUT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Traditional Herbal Medicine ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The present study was carried out to investigate the phytochemical screening, the acute toxicity, in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheal activities of the Zizyphus lotus (Z lotus) leaf’s aqueous extract. The extract was subjected to phytochemical analysis, acute toxicity study, anti-inflammatory evaluation using carrageenan induced paw edema and the anti-diarrheal activity was assessed by the castor oil induced diarrhea inhibition method in laboratory rats. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, and triterpenoids. The extract at the doses used caused a significant (P< 0.05) reduction in the wet feces dumped by the rat with the castor oil-induced diarrhea, and decreased the distance travelled by the charcoal meal. The results showed that the extract of Zizyphus lotus has a significant antidiarrheal and anti-inflammatory activity which supports its use in traditional herbal medicine practice.

scholarly journals Antidiarrheal activity of methanolic leaf extract of Rumex vesicarius

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Ahmad Khan ◽  
Khalid Hussain Janbaz ◽  
Fatima Saqib
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
Rabbit Jejunum ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Spontaneous Contractions

<p>This study evaluates the antidiarrheal activity of <em>Rumex vesicarius</em> (leaf) by using in vitro and in vivo assays. Antidiarrheal effect of <em>R. vesicarius</em> was  evaluated using castor oil-induced diarrhea model in rat. Weight and  volume of the intestinal content were assessed using the enteropooling method. Atropine (3 mg/kg, i.p) was used as positive control. <em>R. Vesicarius</em> at the  doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o. significantly retarded castor oil-induced  enteropooling and intestinal transit. The gastrointestinal transit rate was  studied and <em>R. vesicarius</em> at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly inhibited (p&lt;0.001) weight and volume of intestinal content. <em>R. vesicarius</em> caused concentration-dependent (0.01–1 mg/mL) relaxation of spontaneous contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum tissue preparation and inhibited K<sup>+</sup>-80 induced contractions (0.01-5 mg/mL), similar to verapamil, suggestive of calcium channel blockade. Results obtained herein indicate that <em>R. vesicarius</em> may contain effective compounds which can be used as an antidiarrheal agent.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antidiarrheal Activity of Methanolic Extract ofMaranta arundinaceaLinn. Leaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Khalilur Rahman ◽  
Md. Ashraf Uddin Chowdhury ◽  
Mohammed Taufiqual Islam ◽  
Md. Anisuzzaman Chowdhury ◽  
Muhammad Erfan Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Diarrheal Episode ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity

Diarrhea is one of the most common causes for thousands of deaths every year. Therefore, identification of new source of antidiarrheal drugs becomes one of the most prominent focuses in modern research. Our aim was to investigate the antidiarrheal and cytotoxic activities of methanolic extract ofMaranta arundinacealinn. (MEMA) leaves in rats and brine shrimp, respectively. Antidiarrheal effect was evaluated by using castor oil-induced diarrhea, enteropooling, and gastrointestinal motility tests at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight in rats where the cytotoxic activity was justified using brine shrimp lethality bioassay at different concentrations of MEMA. The extract showed considerable antidiarrheal effect by inhibiting 42.67% and 57.75% of diarrheal episode at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. MEMA also significantlyp<0.01reduced the castor oil-induced intestinal volume (2.14 ± 0.16 to 1.61 ± 0.12 mL) in enteropooling test as well as intestinal transit (33.00 to 43.36%) in GI motility test, compared to their respective control. These observed effects are comparable to that of standard drug loperamide (5 mg/kg). On the other hand, in brine shrimp lethality test after 24 h, surviving brine shrimp larvae were counted and LD50was assessed. Result showed that MEMA was potent against brine shrimp with LD50value of 420 µg/mL. So the highest dose of 400 µg/mL of MEMA was not toxic to mice. So these results indicate that bioactive compounds are present in methanolic extract ofMaranta arundinacealeaves including significant antidiarrheal activity and could be accounted for pharmacological effects.

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