Imaging Characteristics of Invasive Pulmonary Fungal Infection Secondary to Hematological Diseases and Comparison before and after Treatment

Fungal infections have become crucial factors that threaten the prognosis and survival of blood disease patients. Here, we aim to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and early and advanced CT (computed tomography) manifestations of patients with invasive pulmonary fungal infections secondary to blood system diseases. 65 hospitalized patients from October 2018 to October 2020 with invasive pulmonary fungal infections secondary to blood diseases were enrolled. Blood diseases were recorded according to clinical and imaging data, and the serum galactomannan test (GM test) was conducted. Two senior radiologists analyzed the CT data and recorded the distribution of the lesions and CT signs. We analyzed and counted the first chest CT scan images of patients with nodule/mass type secondary to hematological diseases and invasive pulmonary fungal infection. The first CT nodules or mass-type lesions were statistically significant in nodule size, the number of lesions, distribution, and accompanying signs. Pulmonary fungal infection was common in both lungs during 7-day, 14-day, and 30-day follow-up CT. We also found that the nodular mass type was the main manifestation in the positive group of the GM test. Both the positive group and the negative group had the highest incidence of nodules. The incidence of air crescent signs in nodules or mass lesions in the positive group was higher than in the negative group, and the difference was statistically significant. To conclude, follow-up CT signs after antifungal treatment were highly sensitive to the early diagnosis of hematological diseases and secondary invasive pulmonary Eumycetes infection, which could be used for clinical treatment to provide help. GM test results were also related to CT manifestations such as air crescent sign, cavity, and halo sign.

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Abstract 2753: Initial and 24h After Admisson DWI Can Predict Recurrence of Ischemic Event of TIA Patients

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.43.suppl_1.a2753 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Yasuyuki Iguchi ◽

Kazumi Kimura ◽

Jyunya Aoki ◽

Kazuto Kobayashi ◽

Kenichiro Sakai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Recurrence Rate ◽

Negative Group ◽

Initial Examination ◽

Ischemic Lesion ◽

Ischemic Event ◽

Positive Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Ischemic Attack

Background and Purpose Our aim is to investigate the diagnostic utility of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) for transient ischemic attack (TIA), not only admission but also 24 h after first study. Methods We prospectively enrolled TIA patients who were admitted within 24 h of onset. We examined trans-thoracic echocardiography, 24 h Holter electrocardiography, and carotid duplex ultrasonography in order to give the best medication. All of patients received DWI immediately after admission. At first, when we observed hyper-intense lesion considered as ischemia, additional DWI examination was not conducted. When there was no hyper-intense lesion on initial DWI study, we conducted follow-up DWI 24 h after initial examination. We defined a recurrence of ischemic event as an occurrence of symptomatic ischemic stroke or TIA at 3 months after onset. Regarding initial DWI study, we compared proportional frequency of recurrence between patients with ischemic lesion (i-positive group) and without any lesion (i-negative group), and also compared recurrence rate between patients with ischemic lesion on initial and/or follow-up studies (if-positive group) and without any lesion on both studies (if-negative group). Results We registered 100 TIA patients (men; 63, median age; 74 years, ABCD2 score <3; 32). On initial DWI study, 34 patients had ischemic lesion (i-positive group) and 66 had no lesion (i-negative group). Among 66 patients of i-negative group, 12 (19%) had hyper-intense lesion in follow-up study. Finally, there were 46 patients in if-positive group and 54 in if- negative. Recurrence ischemic event occurred in 19 (19%) of 100 patients. There was no significant difference of recurrence rate between i-positive and i-negative groups (27% vs. 16%, p=0.172). However, recurrence rate was significantly higher in if-positive group than these of if-negative group (29% vs. 12%, p=0.024) Conclusions New ischemic lesions on follow up DWI appeared in approximately 20% of TIA patients who did not have ischemic lesion on initial DWI. Only initial DWI but initial and follow-up DWI was important role of predicting the recurrence of ischemic events in TIA patients.

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BRCA mutation status and risk of secondary malignancy following chemotherapy for breast cancer

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.11017 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽

pp. 11017-11017

Author(s):

R. Wesolowski ◽

T. K. Choueiri ◽

L. Rybicki ◽

A. G. Shealy ◽

G. Casey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Brca Mutation ◽

Cleveland Clinic ◽

Secondary Malignancy ◽

Negative Group ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Positive Group ◽

Brca Negative

11017 Background: Since the BRCA gene is responsible for excisional DNA repair, we hypothesized that breast cancer patients with BRCA mutation would be more susceptible to the induction of second malignancies following chemotherapy treatment than breast cancer patients who tested negative for BRCA mutations. Methods: Breast cancer patients tested for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations at the Cleveland Clinic were identified and evaluated for history of neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy and for the occurrence of subsequent non-breast primary invasive cancer. Patients with inadequate follow-up and those with inoperable disease at diagnosis were excluded from the analysis. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare different cohorts. The IRB at Cleveland Clinic approved the study. Results: Of 115 identified breast cancer patients tested for BRCA mutations, 77 met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-seven of these patients carried BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations and 50 tested negative for these mutations. Twelve patients (44%) in the BRCA positive group and 8 patients (16%) in the BRCA negative group underwent prophylactic oophorectomy. Median follow-up for the two groups was 53.5 months (75 months in the BRCA positive group and 48.5 months in the BRCA negative group). Median age at diagnosis was 42 years (40.5 years in the BRCA positive group and 44.5 in the BRCA negative group). In the BRCA positive group 3 of 25 patients (12%) treated with chemotherapy developed second malignancies (ovarian cancer, transitional cell cancer in urinary tract and renal cell carcinoma) compared with none of the 2 patients who did not get chemotherapy (p= 1.0). In the BRCA negative group, 2/34 patients (6%), treated with chemotherapy developed second cancers compared with 2/16 patients (12%), who were not treated with chemotherapy (p=0.58). Cancers in the BRCA negative group included two bladder carcinomas in the chemotherapy treated patients and in the non-chemotherapy group, non-small cell lung cancer, uterine, ovarian, endometrial and peritoneal cancers. Conclusions: At more than 4-years of follow up, chemotherapy in operable breast cancer patients was not associated with an increase in the risk of secondary malignancy or with a differential effect on this endpoint by BRCA mutation status in this retrospective study. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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The rising burden of invasive fungal infections in COVID-19, can structured CT thorax change the game

Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine ◽

10.1186/s43055-022-00694-3 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Roopak Dubey ◽

Kamal Kumar Sen ◽

Sudhansu Sekhar Mohanty ◽

Sangram Panda ◽

Mayank Goyal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Fungal Infection ◽

Invasive Candidiasis ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Invasive Fungal Infections ◽

Imaging Features ◽

Nasal Sinus ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Fungal Invasion ◽

Pulmonary Fungal Infections

Abstract Background The occurrence of invasive fungal infections in COVID-19 patients is on surge in countries like India. Several reports related to rhino-nasal-sinus mucormycosis in COVID patients have been published in recent times; however, very less has been reported about invasive pulmonary fungal infections caused mainly by mucor, aspergillus or invasive candida species. We aimed to present 6 sputum culture proved cases of invasive pulmonary fungal infection (four mucormycosis and two invasive candidiasis) in COVID patients, the clues for the diagnosis of fungal invasion as well as difficulties in diagnosing it due to superimposed COVID imaging features. Case presentation The HRCT imaging features of the all 6 patients showed signs of fungal invasion in the form of cavities formation in the pre-existing reverse halo lesions or development of new irregular margined soft tissue attenuating growth within the pre-existing or in newly formed cavities. Five out of six patients were diabetics. Cavities in cases 1, 2, 3 and 4 of mucormycosis were aggressive and relatively larger and showed relatively faster progression into cavities in comparison with cases 5 and 6 of invasive candidiasis. Conclusion In poorly managed diabetics or with other immunosuppressed conditions, invasive fungal infection (mucormycosis, invasive aspergillosis and invasive candidiasis) should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cavitary lung lesions.

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Effect of choroidal collateral vessels on de novo hemorrhage in moyamoya disease: analysis of nonhemorrhagic hemispheres in the Japan Adult Moyamoya Trial

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2018.10.jns181139 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 132 (2) ◽

pp. 408-414 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Takeshi Funaki ◽

Jun C. Takahashi ◽

Kiyohiro Houkin ◽

Satoshi Kuroda ◽

Miki Fujimura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Moyamoya Disease ◽

De Novo ◽

Negative Group ◽

Positive Group ◽

Asymptomatic Patients ◽

The Subject ◽

Collateral Vessels ◽

Disease Analysis ◽

Annual Risk

OBJECTIVEFollowing hemorrhagic stroke in moyamoya disease, de novo intracranial hemorrhage can occur in the previously unaffected nonhemorrhagic hemisphere. In the present analysis the authors intended to determine whether the presence in the nonhemorrhagic hemisphere of choroidal collateral vessels, which have been the focus of attention as a source of bleeding, affects the risk of de novo hemorrhage.METHODSThe subject of focus of the present cohort study was the nonhemorrhagic hemispheres of adult patients with hemorrhagic moyamoya disease enrolled in the Japan Adult Moyamoya Trial and allocated to the nonsurgical arm. The variable of interest was the presence of choroidal collaterals (also termed choroidal anastomoses), identified with baseline angiography and represented by a connection (anastomosis) between the anterior or posterior choroidal arteries and the medullary arteries. The outcome measure was de novo hemorrhage during the 5-year follow-up period, assessed in all nonhemorrhagic hemispheres. The incidence of de novo hemorrhage in the collateral-positive and -negative groups was compared.RESULTSChoroidal collaterals were present in 15 of 36 (41.7%) nonhemorrhagic hemispheres analyzed. The overall annual risk of de novo hemorrhage was 2.0%. Three de novo hemorrhages occurred in the collateral-positive group, whereas no hemorrhage occurred in the collateral-negative group. The annual risk of de novo hemorrhage was significantly higher in the collateral-positive group than in the collateral-negative group (5.8% per year vs 0% per year; p = 0.017). All hemorrhage sites corresponded to the distribution of choroidal collaterals.CONCLUSIONSThe present preliminary results suggest that the presence of choroidal collaterals affects the risk of de novo hemorrhage in the nonhemorrhagic hemisphere, subject to verification in larger studies. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal treatment strategy for nonhemorrhagic hemispheres and asymptomatic patients.

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Prognostic value of deep sequencing method for minimal residual disease (MRD) detection in multiple myeloma.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.8511 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 8511-8511 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Joaquin Martinez-Lopez ◽

Ramon Garcia-Sanz ◽

Francois Pepin ◽

Rosa Ayala ◽

Maria Angeles Montalban ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Myeloma ◽

Prognostic Value ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Group Versus ◽

Response Criteria ◽

Negative Group ◽

Positive Group ◽

Time Points ◽

Diagnostic Samples

8511 Background: Most multiple myeloma (MM) patients will relapse due to persistence of residual tumor cells, or MRD. We compared the prognostic value of traditional response criteria and MRD measurement by a sequencing-based method, LymphoSIGHT, and multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) in a cohort of 68 uniformly-treated MM patients from the Spanish Myeloma Group trials. Methods: Bone marrow samples were obtained from 68 patients at diagnostic and post-treatment time points on GEM clinical trials (GEM00 and GEM05). All patients were in CR or VGPR at the post-treatment time point. Using sequencing, we identified clonal rearrangements of immunoglobulin (IGH-VDJ, IGH-DJ, and IGK) genes in diagnostic samples. We assessed MRD in follow-up samples, analyzed concordance between sequencing and MFC MRD results, and compared the prognostic value of each method with traditional response criteria. Results: The sequencing assay detected a myeloma-specific gene rearrangement in diagnostic samples from 59 of 68 (87%) patients. We tested MRD in follow-up time points in 56 of the 59 patients. We observed high correlation between MFC and sequencing MRD results (r2=0.86), with MFC underestimating the myeloma burden (Slope=0.4). Of the 56 patients, 45 were positive by sequencing at MRD levels of 10-5 or higher and 11 were MRD negative. There was significantly improved overall survival (OS) in the MRD negative group versus the MRD positive group (median not reached vs. 86 mos, p=0.026). Similar differences were found in progression free survival. When limiting the analysis to the 35 patients in conventional CR, 24 of 35 patients were positive by sequencing at MRD levels at 10-5 and higher and 10 were MRD negative. There was significantly improved OS in the MRD negative group versus the MRD positive group (median not reached vs. 80.92 mos, p=0.041). Conclusions: Our data shows high correlation between MFC and sequencing MRD levels in MM patients. For patients in CR by traditional response criteria, the presence or absence of MRD by sequencing delineated 2 groups of patients with significantly different OS. MRD negativity by sequencing may be a better prognostic indicator than CR by traditional response criteria.

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Observation of hyaloid artery remnants in premature infants

International Eye Research ◽

10.18240/ier.2021.04.05 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 206-209

Author(s):

Bo Chen ◽

◽

Hong Yang ◽

Keyword(s):

Premature Infants ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽

Negative Group ◽

Detection Rates ◽

Positive Group ◽

Lower Weight ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Indirect Ophthalmoscope

AIM: To observe the hyaloid artery remnants in the eyes of premature infants. METHODS: This retrospective study recruited premature infants who consecutively attended the Tongji Hospital for retinopathy of prematurity screening from May 2018 to November 2018. The binocular indirect ophthalmoscope was used for examination. RESULTS: In total, 60 cases were pulled for data analysis. The cases were categorized as having the following condition: hyaloid artery remnants positive or hyaloid artery remnants negative. It was showed that the remnants positive group had significant lower gestational age and birth weight than those of the negative group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in gender, labor presentation and retinopathy of prematurity between the two groups (P>0.05). The hyaloid artery remnants completely regressed in all the follow-up cases. The range of disappearing time of hyaloid artery remnants was 37-44wk of corrected gestational age. CONCLUSION: The hyaloid artery remnants in preterm infants are most likely to be physiological residues. Younger or lower weight premature infants will have higher positive detection rates of hyaloid artery remnants. It seems like co-existence with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has no significant association with the detection of hyaloid artery remnants. When the corrected gestational age extends over 43wk, if the hyaloid artery remnants don’t regress, there is a possibility of pathological changes, and appropriate interventions should be selected according to the severity of the lesions.

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Metaphase Cytogenetic Abnormalities (M-CA) and Interphase FISH for Deletion 13 (FISH 13) in Total Therapy 2 (TT 2): Follow up Observation among? 380 Patients with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (MM).

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v104.11.4935.4935 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 104 (11) ◽

pp. 4935-4935

Author(s):

John Shaughnessy ◽

Frank Zhan ◽

Bart Barlogie ◽

Erik Rasmussen ◽

Teresa Milner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasma Cells ◽

High Dose ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Negative Group ◽

Cut Points ◽

Positive Group ◽

Prognostic Implications ◽

Total Therapy ◽

Key Parameter

Abstract We have previously reported on the adverse prognostic implications m-CA, present in ~ 33% of newly diagnosed patients especially when involving del 13 (~ 20%). To overcome the proliferation dependency of m-CA, FISH has been applied detecting abnormalities in virtually all patients with MM; FISH 13, detected in ~ 50% has been associated with poor outcome with both standard and high dose therapies. Of a total of 668 patients accrued to Total Therapy 2, 380 had baseline evaluations for m-CA and FISH 13. We examined 2 different cut-points of FISH 13 deletion, the traditional ≥ 20% (FISH 13–20) and an 80% cut-off (FISH 13–80). In case of FISH 13–20, major differences in both EFS and OS were noted among those exhibiting CA, with an adverse effect of FISH 13–20, whereas there was no difference among the majority of patients exhibiting no CA (Figure 1). However, using FISH 13–80, adverse effects of FISH 13 were observed for both no CA and CA subgroups (FISH 2). Indeed, 4-yr estimates of EFS/OS were highest at 73%/85% among 204 patients in the no CA/FISH 13–80-negative group compared to 54%/69% among the 42 with no CA and FISH 13–80-positive group. Similarly, among 134 patients with CA, those with FISH 13–80-positive disease had 4-yr EFS/OS of only 23%/22% compared 44%/58% among the 103 without FISH 13–80. Our data confirm the overriding importance of m-CA for prognosis and, in addition, reveal the importance of the proportion of plasma cells revealing del 13 as an additional key parameter in both no CA and CA subgroups. Biologically, these data would suggest a marked clinically relevant heterogeneity of FISH 13 that deserves further evaluation.

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Prognostic Significance of Circulating Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) DNA in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v114.22.1936.1936 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 114 (22) ◽

pp. 1936-1936

Author(s):

Myoung Joo Kang ◽

Yoo Jin Cho ◽

Heui June Ahn ◽

Shin Kim ◽

Dae Ho Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Cell Lymphoma ◽

Prognostic Significance ◽

T Cell Lymphoma ◽

Negative Group ◽

Positive Group ◽

Barr Virus ◽

Ebv Dna ◽

Relapsed Disease

Abstract Abstract 1936 Poster Board I-959 Introduction: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is well-known as an etiologic agent of lymphoproliferative disorders. Almost all types of sporadic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of both B-cell and T-cell origins have been demonstrated to have EBV-infected tumor cells. However, the prognostic significance of EBV viral load has not been established yet. Methods: To monitor quantitative EBV DNA load, real time quantitative PCR of EBV BZLF1 DNA was done using RealArt® EBV LC PCR reagents (Artus) from whole blood samples drawn from newly diagnosed NHL patients at the time of diagnosis and during the follow-up. Results: Between July 2006 and March 2009, a total of 233 patients (including 120 [51.5%] diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [DLBCL]; 18 [7.7%] natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma; and 11 [4.7%] peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified) were reviewed and analyzed. Among them, 33 (14%) patients, had a detectable EBV DNA (positive group) while 200 (85%) patients did not (negative group). Those in positive group had a more advanced disease and a higher LDH level than those in negative group (P=0.003 and 0.007, respectively). With a median follow up of 11.3 months (range 1.2-34.9), 14 (42.4%) of the 33 patients in positive group had a progressive or relapsed disease while 30 (15%) of the 200 patients in negative group did (P<0.001). One-year overall survival (OS) rate was 72.5% in positive group while that was 82.9% in negative group (log-rank P=0.001). Interestingly, conversion to negative EBV DNA during the follow-up was associated with a lower probability of progressive or relapsed disease (P=0.004). NK/T-cell lymphoma patients having an EBV DNA survived shorter than those having not. However, in DLBCL patients, there was no difference in survival between those having an EBV DNA and those not. Conclusions: The presence of EBV DNA at diagnosis and the negative conversion of EBV DNA during the follow-up might have prognostic significance in patients with NHL. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF SPONTANEOUS PLATELET AGGREGATION IN SURVIVORS OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION DURING FOUR YEARS FOLLOW UP

10.1055/s-0038-1643013 ◽

1987 ◽

Author(s):

M D Trip ◽

V Manger Cats ◽

J Vreeken

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Cardiac Death ◽

Prognostic Value ◽

Negative Group ◽

Cardiac Events ◽

Positive Group ◽

Spontaneous Platelet Aggregation ◽

Recurrent Infarction

Platelet aggregation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and its complications. We studied the prognostic value of the presence of spontaneous platelet aggregation (SPA) after myocardial infarction in 165 patients during a four years follow up period. Shortly after infarction 78 (47%) showed SPA and 87 (53%) showed no SPA. There were no differences in sex, age, infarct size or localisation and subsequent treatment between both groups. Patients in the SPA-positive group remained predominantely positive and patients in de SPA-negative group negative during the entire follow up period.In the SPA-positive group 25(32%) cardiac events (12 × cardiac death, 13× non fatal recurrent infarction) occurred.In the SPA-negative group 13(15%) cardiac events ( 5× cardiac death, 8× non fatal recurrent infarction) occurred (p < 0.01)In conclusion: the presence of spontaneous platelet aggregation after myocardial infarction is associated with a higher risk for fatal or non fatal recurrent myocardial infarction.

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Evaluation of PiB visual interpretation with CSF Aβ and longitudinal SUVR in J-ADNI study

Annals of Nuclear Medicine ◽

10.1007/s12149-019-01420-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 108-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yusuke Okada ◽

◽

Takashi Kato ◽

Kaori Iwata ◽

Yasuyuki Kimura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Early Stage ◽

Amyloid Pet ◽

Negative Group ◽

Visual Interpretation ◽

Positive Group ◽

Amyloid Accumulation ◽

Over Time

Abstract Objective The objectives of the present study were to investigate (1) whether trinary visual interpretation of amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) imaging (negative/equivocal/positive) reflects quantitative amyloid measurements and the time course of 11C-Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) amyloid accumulation, and (2) whether visually equivocal scans represent an early stage of the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum in terms of an intermediate state of quantitative amyloid measurements and the changes in amyloid accumulation over time. Methods From the National Bioscience Database Center Human Database of the Japanese Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, we selected 133 individuals for this study including 33 with Alzheimer’s disease dementia (ADD), 52 with late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI), and 48 cognitively normal (CN) subjects who underwent clinical assessment, PiB PET, and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with 2 or 3-years of follow-up. Sixty-eight of the 133 individuals underwent cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β1-42 (CSF-Ab42) analysis at baseline. The standard uptake value ratio (SUVR) of PiB PET was calculated with a method using MRI at each visit. The cross-sectional values, longitudinal changes in SUVR, and baseline CSF-Ab42 were compared among groups, which were categorized based on trinary visual reads of amyloid PET (negative/equivocal/positive). Results From the trinary visual interpretation of the PiB PET images, 55 subjects were negative, 8 were equivocal, and 70 were positive. Negative interpretation was most frequent in the CN group (70.8/10.4/18.8%: negative/equivocal/positive), and positive was most frequent in the LMCI group (34.6/1.9/63.5%) and in the ADD group (9.1/6.1/84.8%). The baseline SUVRs were 1.08 ± 0.06 in the negative group, 1.23 ± 0.15 in the equivocal group, and 1.86 ± 0.31 in the positive group (F = 174.9, p < 0.001). The baseline CSF-Ab42 level was 463 ± 112 pg/mL in the negative group, 383 ± 125 pg/mL in the equivocal group, and 264 ± 69 pg/mL in the positive group (F = 37, p < 0.001). Over the 3-year follow-up, annual changes in SUVR were − 0.00 ± 0.02 in the negative group, 0.02 ± 0.02 in the equivocal group, and 0.04 ± 0.07 in the positive group (F = 8.4, p < 0.001). Conclusions Trinary visual interpretation (negative/equivocal/positive) of amyloid PET imaging reflects quantitative amyloid measurements evaluated with PET and the CSF amyloid test as well as the amyloid accumulation over time evaluated with PET over 3 years. Subjects in the early stage of the AD continuum could be identified with an equivocal scan, because they showed intermediate quantitative amyloid PET, CSF measurements, and the amyloid accumulation over time.

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