Experimental Research on the Adhesion Characteristics of Clay to Structures with Different Materials

When the shield machine passes through the clay layer, the clay debris cut by the cutter head usually adheres to the surface of the cutter head and is easy to form mud cakes after extrusion, which affects the safety and efficiency of construction. For the structure made of different materials, due to the different surface properties, the adhesion characteristics of clay are also different. So, selecting proper materials for the soil contacting parts in the shield machine can effectively reduce the adhesion between the structure and soil, decrease the clay adhering to the surface of the shield cutter, and reduce the possibility of further productions of mud cake. Therefore, studying the adhesion properties of clay to different materials and understanding the adhesion rule of clay to soil contacting structures are of guiding significance when selecting the materials of soil contacting parts. In this paper, the adhesion properties of cohesive soil to commonly used construction materials were studied by a self-made adhesion test device, including steel, iron, copper, aluminum, and engineering plastics (polyamide). According to the findings, the separation process of adhesion between soil and the structure by an external force can be divided into four stages, which are the adhesive elastic development stage, adhesive plastic development stage, failure stage, and detachment stage. The adhesion forces and the amount of soil adhered to the structures made of the selected materials are found to vary from each other. The adhesion forces ranked from high to low are, respectively, found on the iron, plastic, aluminum, steel, and copper surfaces. The material with the most amount of adherent soil is aluminum, followed by iron, steel, copper, and plastic.

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DETERMINATION OF FORMATION REGIMES FOR BILAYER COBALT DYSPROSIUM INTERMETALIC SURFACE ALLOY

EUREKA Physics and Engineering ◽

10.21303/2461-4262.2019.001011 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 3-8

Author(s):

Vadym Kovalenko ◽

Denis Kondratyev ◽

Valerii Kotok ◽

Olga Chernova ◽

Ihor Kovalenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Development Stage ◽

Mass Change ◽

High Tech ◽

Technological Parameters ◽

Specific Mass ◽

Temperature Range ◽

Diffusion Layers ◽

Modern Development

High tech industrial fields on modern development stage are in need of construction materials with an optimal ratio of volume and surface properties, along with low cost of material itself. As evidenced by studies, in order to give a set complex of properties to a workpiece that operates under specific conditions, it is often sufficient to only modify its surface area. Over the course of studies, by means of gravimetric, influence of technological parameters (temperature and time samples are kept in the melt) on specific mass change of cobalt samples, that act as substrate, during electroless diffusive saturation with dysprosium in eutectic melt of lithium and potassium chlorides have been studied. A mathematical dependency was established for specific mass change of cobalt samples on time spent in melt for temperature range of 873–973 K. Composition of intermetallic coats obtained on surface of cobalt samples was studied means of EDX and SEM analyses. It was discovered, that for chosen temperature range, diffusion layers formed on surface of cobalt samples consists of two structural zones that correspond to Co-Dy and Cp2Dy phases.

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Experimental Research on the Impact of Interface Temperature on the Adhesion Properties of Clay under the Condition of Different Contacting Time

Geofluids ◽

10.1155/2021/4138102 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Tao Qiu ◽

Yonggang Zhang

Keyword(s):

Adhesion Force ◽

Interface Temperature ◽

Heating Process ◽

Adhesion Properties ◽

Interfacial Temperature ◽

Short Time ◽

Hot Surface ◽

Shield Machine ◽

The Impact

Mud cakes are very likely to occur at the shield cutter when the shield machine passes through a clay stratum, which adhere to the cutter and reduce the excavation efficiency. Due to the thrust of the cutter, the mud cakes are compacted and cause friction at the soil-structure interface, which results in high temperature and aggravates the adhesion, and the effect tends to become stronger as the heating process lasts. In this paper, the effects of the interface temperature and the contacting time between the soil and the hot surface on the adhesion properties of the soil were studied by a self-made adhesion test device. According to the findings, at low interfacial temperature (≤40°C), both the adhesion force and the amount of adhered soil were insignificant in a short term, and the effects were found to be strengthened as the contacting time went on; at the high interfacial temperature (≥50°C), very significant soil adhesion occurred at the structure surface within a short time, and as the contacting time increased, the amount of the adhered soil decreased rapidly while the adhesion force kept increasing, and both tended to remain a constant and become independent with the temperature after a long-term contact. This study is of guiding significance for understanding the formation and development of the shield mud cakes during shield construction.

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Research on Multi-motor Synchronization Control for Cutter Head of Shield Machine Based on the Ring Coupled Control Strategy

Intelligent Robotics and Applications - Lecture Notes in Computer Science ◽

10.1007/978-3-642-10817-4_34 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 345-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jianzhong Sun ◽

Ran Liu ◽

Yaqin Luo ◽

Wei Sun

Keyword(s):

Control Strategy ◽

Synchronization Control ◽

Cutter Head ◽

Shield Machine

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Effect of dilute acid treatment on adhesion properties of Longmaxi black shale

Petroleum Science ◽

10.1007/s12182-019-00376-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 1320-1331 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pan-Pan Zhang ◽

Shou-Ceng Tian ◽

Mao Sheng ◽

Tian-Yu Wang ◽

Waleed Ali Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acid Treatment ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Fracture Initiation ◽

Working Fluid ◽

Dilute Acid ◽

Adhesion Forces ◽

Adhesion Properties ◽

Gas Recovery ◽

Acid Environment ◽

Advanced Analysis

Abstract Properties of shale in an acid environment are important when acid or CO2 is injected into geologic formations as a working fluid for enhanced oil and gas recovery, hydraulic fracturing and reduced fracture initiation pressure. It has previously been shown that acid fluids can enhance the formation conductivity and decrease the hardness of shale. However, less is known about the effect of dilute acid on the adhesion properties of shale. In the study, shale samples are characterized in detail with advanced analysis. Adhesion properties of shale via dilute acid treatment were revealed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) for the first time. Results indicate that acid treatment can greatly enhance adhesion forces of the shale surface. After acid treatment, the average adhesion forces show a platform-like growth with an increase in loading force. Through analysis of results from AFM, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction, we affirm that the enhanced adhesion forces are mainly from increased specific surface area and reduced elastic modulus. The results presented in this work help understand the adhesion properties of shale oil/gas present in an acidic environment, which have great significance in unconventional resources development.

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Experimental Research on the Impact of Temperature on the Adhesion Characteristics of Soil-Structure Interface

Geofluids ◽

10.1155/2020/6675576 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Tao Qiu ◽

Cheng Liu ◽

Xiaochun Zhong ◽

Yueyue Zhu

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Adhesion Force ◽

Great Influence ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Interface Temperature ◽

Shield Tunneling ◽

Mud Cake ◽

Influence Of Temperature On ◽

Cutter Head ◽

The Impact

Under the working condition of mud cake, the continuous action between the shield cutter head and the soil on the excavation surface can generate high temperature in the process of shield tunneling and excavation, which changes the characteristic of the adhesion between the soil and the cutter head to intensify the phenomenon of making a mud cake on cutter, finally leading to a vicious circle. To study the effect of temperature on the characteristics of the adhesion of the soil on the surface of the structure, the soil adhesive situation and adhesion force at different interface temperatures were tested through a self-made experiment device. According to the result, it was indicated that the moisture content has a significant effect on the adhesion force of the soil, and the adhesion force firstly increased and then decreased with the increased of the moisture content and reached the maximum value near the plastic limit moisture content. The adhesion force changes very gently when the interface temperature is low. When the temperature reached 50°C, the adhesion force continues to increase as the interface temperature continuously increases except for the soils with high moisture content; moreover, the interface temperature has a great influence on the content of soil adhered on the structure surface. As for the soil with moderate moisture content ( ω = 21.21 ~ 31 %), this content of the adhered soil increased exponentially with the increase of interface temperature; this content firstly decreased and then increased when the moisture content was high. When the soil was dry, there was almost no adhered soil on the surface and the interface temperature had no effect on the adhesive situation. By comparing and analyzing the adhesion state of the soil on the surface of the structure, the influence of temperature on the adhesion characteristics is mainly reflected on the variation of the soil moisture content within the influence range of the interface, the variation of the energy required for the destruction of the adhesion interface, and the change of the location of the weakest antistripping plane induced by both before. This research can better understand the law of formation and development of mud cakes and provided a new idea of solving the problem of mud cakes on the cutter head.

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Investigation of Characteristics of Ni-P-PTFE Coating on Optical Molds

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.773-774.697 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 773-774 ◽

pp. 697-704

Author(s):

Yuan Chieh Cheng ◽

Pei Jen Wang ◽

Wei Yao Hsu

Keyword(s):

Single Point ◽

Electroless Nickel ◽

Contact Angles ◽

Consumer Products ◽

Diamond Turning ◽

Mold Surface ◽

Adhesion Forces ◽

Hydrophobic Contact ◽

Adhesion Properties ◽

Smart Mobile

In recent years, plastic lenses have been widely adopted for optical components in consumer products because of the significant improvement in microelectronics technology. Currently, plastic lenses are mass produced for applications in 3G/4G smart mobile phones, digital still/motion cameras, and micro-projectors. During mass production, one of the key factors in costs reduction is to enhance lifetime of the molding tools. Electroless nickel phosphorus plating (Ni-P) is the most popular mold and die surface treatment process because of its excellent machinability in single-point diamond turning process. However, Ni-P plated molds cannot sustain satisfactory tool life under the adhesion forces between the mold surface and the molten plastic. In this study, a novel material made of a nickel-phosphorus-polytetrafluoroethylene (Ni-P-PTFE) compound was plated electrolessly on experimental dies to study relevant properties. Since Ni-P-PTFE exhibits strong anti-adhesion properties, it is noted to improve the lifetime of the dies. After machining of the dies, the surface roughness was measured by confocal microscopy together with the particle size being measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In conclusion, the adhesion phenomenon is interpreted via hydrophobic contact angles showing that hydrophobic contact angle of Ni-P-PTFE surfaces is smaller when compared to Ni-P surfaces which infers the anti-adhesion properties of Ni-P-PTFE materials.

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Substrate and film structure impacts on adhesion properties between lignocellulosic polymers

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/opl.2012.55 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1422 ◽

Author(s):

Elias Estephan ◽

Véronique Aguié-Béghin ◽

Loïc Muraille ◽

Michael Molinari

Keyword(s):

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Adhesion Force ◽

Petri Dish ◽

Film Structure ◽

Adhesion Forces ◽

Concentrated Suspension ◽

Adhesion Properties ◽

Biochemical Processes ◽

Langmuir Blodgett ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACTUsing AFM, ellipsometric and profilometric measurements, we have investigated the topography and the thickness of the cellulose nanocristal (NCC) films prepared by two different methods: the first one is obtained by evaporation of concentrated suspension of NCC in petri-dish to produce a self-supported film; the second one is produced by dipping thin NCC layer on silicon substrate by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. Glucomanan (GM) functionalized AFM tip was brought into contact with these two kinds of NCC films in order to measure the adhesion between GM and NCC. The impact of the substrate and the thickness of NCC films on the measured adhesion forces were also studied: the mean measured adhesion force between the two polysaccharides was 17 nN regardless of the way the films were prepared. Adhesion properties can help us understand biochemical processes in the plant cell wall.

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Keeping a Clean Surface under Water: Nanoscale Nipple Array Decreases Surface Adsorption and Adhesion Forces

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse10010081 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 81

Author(s):

Kaoru Uesugi ◽

Kazuaki Nagayama ◽

Euichi Hirose

Keyword(s):

Flat Surface ◽

Marine Invertebrates ◽

Adhesion Force ◽

Substrate Surface ◽

Aquatic Environments ◽

Adhesion Forces ◽

Synthetic Material ◽

Adhesion Properties ◽

Small Force ◽

Chemical Corporation

While nanoscale nipple arrays are expected to reduce light reflection and/or dust contamination in some insects, similar structures have been reported in various marine invertebrates. To evaluate the anti-contamination property of the structure in aquatic regimes, we measured the adsorption and adhesion forces on the flat surface and MOSMITE™ (Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), a synthetic material mimicking the nipple array, under water. A small force toward the surface occurred when the probe approached the substrate surface. This adsorption force was significantly smaller on MOSMITE™ than on the flat surface. The adhesion force toward the surface occurred when the probe was detached from the surface, and it was also significantly smaller on MOSMITE™ than on the flat surface. The adhesion force in the air was much greater than the force under water, and the force was also significantly smaller on MOSMITE™ than on the flat surface. In the aquatic regime, the nipple array provides less adsorption/adhesion properties for the surface and thus, the organisms would have less contamination of microparticles on their body surface. As the adsorption and adhesion forces are also involved in the attachment of cells, tissue, and larvae, less adhesive body surfaces should be beneficial for survival in aquatic environments, as well as land environments.

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Handling sticky Resin by Stingless Bees: Adhesive Properties of Surface Structures

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/s0001-37652013000300018 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 85 (3) ◽

pp. 1189-1196 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MARKUS GASTAUER ◽

LUCIO A.O. CAMPOS ◽

DIETER WITTMANN

Keyword(s):

Stingless Bees ◽

Surface Structures ◽

Adhesion Forces ◽

Adhesive Properties ◽

Adhesion Properties ◽

Absolute Value ◽

Special Surface ◽

Tetragonisca Angustula ◽

Fine Glass ◽

New Hypothesis

Many Stingless Bees (Hymenoptera: Meliponini) like Tetragonisca angustula collect resin to defend their nests against intruders like ants or Robber Bees. Small portions of resin are attached to intruders bodies and extremities causing their immobilization. It has been observed that resin is removed easily from the bee's mandible but adheres strongly to the intruder's cuticle. We tested the hypothesis that resin sticks lesser to the mandibles of Stingless Bees than to the surface of intruders due to special surface structures or adhesive properties of these structures. The surface structures of the mandible of T. angustula and the trochanter of Camponotus sericeiventris were studied by scanning electron microscopy. To measure adhesion properties, selected surfaces were fixed on a fine glass pin and withdrawn from a glass tip covered with resin. The deformation of the glass pin indicates adhesion forces operating between the resin and the selective surface. The absolute value of the forces is computed from the glass pin's stiffness. It has been shown that resin sticks more to the smooth mandible of the bee than to the structured trochanter of the ant. A new hypothesis to be tested says that the bees might lubricate their mandibles with nectar or honey to reduce the resin's adhesion temporarily.

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