scholarly journals Image Processing for mHealth-Based Approach to Detect the Local Tissue Inflammation in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Proof of Concept Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hermali Silva ◽  
Kalaivani Chellappan ◽  
Nadira Karunaweera
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Prediction Algorithm ◽  
Space Technique ◽  
Inflammatory Tissue

Skin lesions are a feature of many diseases including cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Ulcerative lesions are a common manifestation of CL. Response to treatment in such lesions is judged through the assessment of the healing process by regular clinical observations, which remains a challenge for the clinician, health system, and the patient in leishmaniasis endemic countries. In this study, image processing was initially done using 40 CL lesion color images that were captured using a mobile phone camera, to establish a technique to extract features from the image which could be related to the clinical status of the lesion. The identified techniques were further developed, and ten ulcer images were analyzed to detect the extent of inflammatory response and/or signs of healing using pattern recognition of inflammatory tissue captured in the image. The images were preprocessed at the outset, and the quality was improved using the CIE L ∗ a ∗ b color space technique. Furthermore, features were extracted using the principal component analysis and profiled using the signal spectrogram technique. This study has established an adaptive thresholding technique ranging between 35 and 200 to profile the skin lesion images using signal spectrogram plotted using Signal Analyzer in MATLAB. The outcome indicates its potential utility in visualizing and assessing inflammatory tissue response in a CL ulcer. This approach is expected to be developed further to a mHealth-based prediction algorithm to enable remote monitoring of treatment response of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

scholarly journals Complicated cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by an imported case of Leishmania tropica in Japan: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Kitano ◽  
Chizu Sanjoba ◽  
Yasuyuki Goto ◽  
Kazumasa Iwamoto ◽  
Hiroki Kitagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Leishmania Tropica ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Imported Case ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Positive Results

Abstract Background Leishmaniasis is not endemic in Japan, and imported cases are rare. However, there are increasing concerns regarding imported cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis from endemic countries to Japan. This report describes a case of imported cutaneous leishmaniasis that was diagnosed and treated in Japan. Case presentation A 53-year-old Pakistani man presented with skin lesions on both malleoli of his right ankle and the dorsum of the left foot. The skin lesions manifested as erythematous nodules surrounding an ulcer in the center of the lesion. The lesions of the malleoli of his right ankle each measured 3 × 3 cm, and the lesion on the top of his left foot measured 5 × 4 cm. He had been living and working in Japan but had a history of a visit to Pakistan for about 2 months in 2018. The skin lesions were biopsied. Giemsa and hematoxylin and eosin staining of biopsy samples showed amastigotes of Leishmania in macrophages, and the presence of Leishmania was confirmed by skin tissue culture. Polymerase chain reaction using biopsy specimens identified Leishmania parasites, and DNA sequence analysis revealed that the species was Leishmania tropica. The patient was treated with intravenous liposomal amphotericin B for 6 days. The erythema disappeared, and the erythematous nodules resolved within 3 weeks. Conclusion This is the first report of imported cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. tropica from Pakistan, and it is interesting that all three testing modalities showed positive results in this case.

scholarly journals 766. Everything Old is New Again-A Case Series of New World Leishmaniasis in African Children in Portland, Maine

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S428-S428
Author(s):  
Jennifer Jubulis ◽  
Amanda Goddard ◽  
Elizabeth Seiverling ◽  
Marc Kimball ◽  
Carol A McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
New World ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Travel History

Abstract Background Leishmaniasis has many clinical manifestations and treatment regimens, dependent on species and host. Old world leishmaniasis is found primarily in Africa and Asia, and is associated with visceral disease, while new world disease, seen primarily in Latin America, is more commonly mucocutaneous. We present a case series of pediatric African patients with New World cutaneous leishmaniasis (NWCL). Methods Data extraction was performed via chart review, analyzing travel history, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management in children with cutaneous leishmaniasis presenting to the pediatric infectious diseases clinic in Portland, ME. Biopsy specimens were sent to the federal CDC for identification by PCR and culture. Results Five cases of NWCL were diagnosed in pediatric patients in Maine from November 2018 through February 2020. Median age of patients was 10 years (range 1.5-15 years). Four cases (80%) occurred in children from Angola or Democratic Republic of Congo, arriving in Maine via Central/South America, with one case in a child from Rwanda who arrived in Maine via Texas. Three patients had multiple skin lesions and two had isolated facial lesions. Leishmaniasis was not initially suspected resulting in median time to diagnosis of 5 months (range 1-7 months). Four patients were initially treated with antibacterials for cellulitis and one was treated with griseofulvin. After no improvement, patients underwent biopsy with 2 patients diagnosed with L panamensis, 1 with L braziliensis, 1 with mixed infection (L panamensis and L mexicana), and 1 with Leishmania species only. One patient was managed with surgical excision, 3 with ketoconazole, and 1 was observed off therapy. Four patients were referred to otolaryngology. All continue to be followed in infectious disease clinic. Conclusion We present five cases of new world cutaneous leishmaniasis in African pediatric patients arriving to Maine through Latin America or Texas. Patients were diagnosed with cellulitis, tinea corporis or atopic dermatitis initially, underscoring importance of high index of suspicion in migrant patients. Detailed travel history and epidemiologic knowledge is essential to diagnosis, as patients may present with illness not congruent with country of origin. Optimal therapy remains unclear. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Synovial tissue response to treatment with campath-1h

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric M. Ruderman ◽  
Michael E. Weinblatt ◽  
Linda M. Thurmond ◽  
Geraldine S. Pinkus ◽  
Ellen M. Gravallese
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Tissue ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Response To Treatment

A Comparison Of The Improving In Major Depressive Symptoms As Reported By Romanian Physicians And Patients In a Prospective, Multicenter, Observational Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S442-S442
Author(s):  
T. Purnichi ◽  
V. Marinescu ◽  
M. Ladea ◽  
M.C. Eda ◽  
I. Marinescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Multicenter Observational Study ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Major Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Prospective Multicenter Observational Study

IntroductionDepression leads to substantial suffering for the patients, their families and becomes an economic burden for system [1,2]. Patients and clinicians tend to rate the remission differently [3].Objectives and methodsWe investigate if clinicians and patients rate different the treatment response. This study assed the evolution of major depressive episode (MDE) in patients treated with Agomelatine, in Romania. It was designed as a multicentre, observational study that included 1213 adult patients evaluated in 75 sites in 2014. The design included 3 visits (baseline (V1); visit at 2/3 weeks (V2); visit 6/8 weeks (V3)). The scales used were: MADRS, SHAPS, CGI-I, CGI-S, PGI-I, PGI-S.ResultsThe MDE improvement was significant (P < 0.001) for all aspects evaluated. At baseline, more clinicians vs. patients considered the moderately or markedly ill as best descriptors of the state. The difference between the two assessments was even higher for V2 and V3. During V2 clinicians reported “minimally improvement” while patients reported “much improvement” in higher percentage. During V3, both, clinicians and patients reported a “very much improved” clinical status. Of the patients 42.60% reported at V3 “normal”, not at all ill’ in comparison to 34.81% of clinicians who reported the same (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThis could mean that patients are not aware of the severity of their disease. This data could be interpreted in the way that patients are more prone to rate higher the improvements as response to treatment and the clinicians to rate as response a more than 50% decrease of symptomatology.References not available.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Seventeen years of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in a Southern Brazilian municipality

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilsandrei Cella ◽  
Simone Cristina Castanho Sabaini de Melo ◽  
Cátia Millene Dell Agnolo ◽  
Sandra Marisa Pelloso ◽  
Thaís Gomes Verzignassi Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Age Group ◽  
American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Incomplete Filling ◽  
Residence Location

We reviewed the records of 151 patients diagnosed with American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) from 1993 to 2009 in the municipality of Japura, Paraná, Brazil. Gender, age, occupation, place of residence, location of lesions, type and number of lesions were analyzed. The prevalence rate of ACL was 11.5/10,000 hab, of which 84.7% were male, 58.3% lived in rural area and 49.0% were farmers. The most frequent age group was between 30 to 39 years (26.6%). Skin lesions occurred in 92.7% of the patients with predominance in the lower limbs (23.9%) and 49.1% of the records did not include the number of lesions location due to incomplete filling. A single ulceration was present in 44.4%. Japurá is an endemic area for ACL, requiring public actions and preventive education.

scholarly journals Occurrence of dermatomycosis (ringworm) due to Trichophyton verrucosumin dairy calves and its spread to animal attendants : case report

1998 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.K. Wabacha ◽  
G.K. Gitau ◽  
L.C. Bebora ◽  
C.O. Bwanga ◽  
Z.M. Wamuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Topical Treatment ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Trichophyton Verrucosum ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Hairless Skin ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Head Neck

Persistent dermatomycosis (ringworm) caused by Trichophyton verrucosum affected 20 dairy calves aged between 3 months and 1 year and housed together. The infection also spread to 2 animal attendants working among the calves. The major clinical lesions observed on the affected calves were extensive alopecia and/or circumscribed thick hairless skin patches affecting the head, neck, flanks and limbs. The observed lesions persisted for more than 17 weeks and most of the calves did not respond to topical treatment with various anti-fungal drugs within the anticipated period of 9 weeks. Two animal attendants developed skin lesions that were circumscribed and itchy and there was good response to treatment following the application of anti-fungal skin ointment. Although ringworm in dairy animals in Kenya has not previously been associated with spread to humans, the potential is evident from this report.

scholarly journals A very rare case of FLT3-D835 positive blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Vlad Andrei Cianga ◽  
Cătălin Doru Dănăilă ◽  
Ion Antohe
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cell ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Cell Neoplasm ◽  
Immuno Histochemistry

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasms (BPDCNs) are extremely rare and aggressive hematological malignancies that derive from precursors of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and frequently involve skin lesions and bone marrow infiltration. They mostly affect the elderly population and the prognosis is poor with the therapeutic choices currently available. Diagnosis is made with the help of tools such as immuno-histochemistry and flow cytometry. Here, we present a particular case of BPDCN with a positive FLT3-D835 mutation and we discuss the possible impact this may have on the evolution of the disease and response to treatment.

scholarly journals Latent Space Phenotyping: Automatic Image-Based Phenotyping for Treatment Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Ubbens ◽  
Mikolaj Cieslak ◽  
Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz ◽  
Isobel Parkin ◽  
Jana Ebersbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Association Mapping ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Nested Association Mapping ◽  
Latent Space ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Candidate Loci

Association mapping studies have enabled researchers to identify candidate loci for many important environmental tolerance factors, including agronomically relevant tolerance traits in plants. However, traditional genome-by-environment studies such as these require a phenotyping pipeline which is capable of accurately measuring stress responses, typically in an automated high-throughput context using image processing. In this work, we present Latent Space Phenotyping (LSP), a novel phenotyping method which is able to automatically detect and quantify response-to-treatment directly from images. We demonstrate example applications using data from an interspecific cross of the model C4 grass Setaria, a diversity panel of sorghum (S. bicolor), and the founder panel for a nested association mapping population of canola (Brassica napus L.). Using two synthetically generated image datasets, we then show that LSP is able to successfully recover the simulated QTL in both simple and complex synthetic imagery. We propose LSP as an alternative to traditional image analysis methods for phenotyping, enabling the phenotyping of arbitrary and potentially complex response traits without the need for engineering-complicated image-processing pipelines.

scholarly journals A comparative Histologic and Immunohistochemistry Evaluation Between Normal Aponeurotic Tissue, Fibrotic Aponeurotic Scars and Polypropylene Embedded Aponeurotic Scars

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-512
Author(s):  
Radu Chicea ◽  
Dan Bratu ◽  
Anca Lucia Chicea ◽  
Alin Mihetiu ◽  
Vlad Preluca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Stress Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Prognostic Marker ◽  
Genital Prolapse ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Inflammatory Tissue

Synthetic polypropylene materials are increasingly being used in surgery to repair parietal defects in perineal floor curing surgery, in genital prolapse and stress urinary incontinence. The tissue response to contact with these materials varies, and the inflammatory tissue response may be a prognostic marker of success in surgical interventions that involve contact between tissues and polypropylene materials.

scholarly journals Macrophage Polarization in the Skin Lesion Caused by Neotropical Species of Leishmania sp

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Carmen M. Sandoval Pacheco ◽  
Gabriela V. Araujo Flores ◽  
Kadir Gonzalez ◽  
Claudia M. de Castro Gomes ◽  
Luiz F. D. Passero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
M2 Macrophage ◽  
M2 Macrophages ◽  
Intracellular Parasites ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
Acquired Immune Responses

Macrophages play important roles in the innate and acquired immune responses against Leishmania parasites. Depending on the subset and activation status, macrophages may eliminate intracellular parasites; however, these host cells also can offer a safe environment for Leishmania replication. In this sense, the fate of the parasite may be influenced by the phenotype of the infected macrophage, linked to the subtype of classically activated (M1) or alternatively activated (M2) macrophages. In the present study, M1 and M2 macrophage subsets were analyzed by double-staining immunohistochemistry in skin biopsies from patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) caused by L. (L.) amazonensis, L. (V.) braziliensis, L. (V.) panamensis ,and L. (L.) infantum chagasi. High number of M1 macrophages was detected in nonulcerated cutaneous leishmaniasis (NUCL) caused by L. (L.) infantum chagasi ( M 1 = 112 ± 12 , M 2 = 43 ± 12 cells/mm2). On the other side, high density of M2 macrophages was observed in the skin lesions of patients with anergic diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (ADCL) ( M 1 = 195 ± 25 , M 2 = 616 ± 114 ), followed by cases of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) caused by L. (L.) amazonensis ( M 1 = 97 ± 24 , M 2 = 219 ± 29 ), L. (V.) panamensis ( M 1 = 71 ± 14 , M 2 = 164 ± 14 ), and L. (V.) braziliensis ( M 1 = 50 ± 13 , M 2 = 53 ± 10 ); however, low density of M2 macrophages was observed in NUCL. The data presented herein show the polarization of macrophages in skin lesions caused by different Leishmania species that may be related with the outcome of the disease.

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