scholarly journals Biaxial Flexural Strength of High-Translucence Monolithic Ceramics upon Various Thicknesses

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Niwut Juntavee ◽  
Apa Juntavee ◽  
Sirintana Phetpanompond
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Lithium Silicate ◽  
Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Varying Thickness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biaxial Flexural Strength ◽  
Yttria Partially Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Monolithic Ceramics

Introduction. High-translucence ceramics have been used increasingly. This study evaluated the biaxial flexural strength of different ceramics as a result of varying thicknesses. Materials and Methods. Circular discs with varied thickness of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, and 2.0 mm were prepared from high-translucence yttria-partially stabilized zirconia (HTY-PSZ); Bruxzir® Anterior (Bc), and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) including Celtra® DUO (Cc) and VITA Suprinity® (Vc) (n = 15 discs/group). Biaxial flexural strength (σ) was evaluated utilizing piston-on-three-balls in a testing machine at a speed of 0.5 mm/min. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to determine the microscopic structure. ANOVA and multiple comparisons were analyzed for significant differences (a = 0.05). Results. The mean ± sd value of σ (MPa) for thickness 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, and 2.0 mm was 672.66 ± 107.54, 655.93 ± 93.98, 589.01 ± 63.63, 624.89 ± 87.08, 618.82 ± 83.36, 672.64 ± 84.61, 659.81 ± 122.89, 632.79 ± 92.54, and 657.86 ± 73.17, for Bc; 477.64 ± 88.23, 496.39 ± 86.36, 461.56 ± 57.00, 450.26 ± 86.60, 468.28 ± 83.65, 472.45 ± 53.63, 453.05 ± 72.50, 462.67 ± 47.57, and 535.28 ± 84.33, for Cc; and 500.97 ± 76.36, 506.70 ± 87.76, 557.82 ± 62.78, 543.76 ± 87.29, 507.53 ± 86.09, 502.46 ± 64.75, 557.70 ± 80.91, 527.04 ± 80.78, and 499.88 ± 57.35, for Vc. A significant difference in flexural strength was indicated among groups ( p < 0.05 ). Bc was significantly stronger than Cc and Vc ( p < 0.05 ). Varying thickness did not have a significant influence on strength ( p > 0.05 ). SEM revealed a tight arrangement of crystals for Bc and needle-like crystals diffusing in glass for Vc and Cc. Conclusion. Flexural strength of ceramics varied among types, but each retained strength equitably with varying thickness. HTY-PSZ was stronger than ZLS, but each was equally strong for thickness in the range of 0.4–2.0 mm.

scholarly journals The Effect of Mouthwash Containing Alcohol on Flexural Strength of Polymethylmethacrylate and Thermoplastic Nylon

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Eva Riani ◽  
Octarina Octarina
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Universal Testing Machine ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Test Result

Introduction: Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and thermoplastic nylon are materials used for making denture bases. Denture users use various methods in order to keep clean their denture. Mouthwash can be an option for cleaning dentures because it is easier to find. Objective: The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of mouthwash containing alcohol as a denture cleanser on flexural strength of polymethylmethacrylate and thermoplastic nylon. Methods: Eighteen samples of polymethylmethacrylate and eighteen samples of thermoplastic nylon with a bar shape (65x10x3 mm) are being used in this research. Each materials are randomly divided into 3 groups (n=6) so there will be six research groups incuded : (A1) PMMA immersed aquades, (A2) PMMA immersed in mouthwash containing alcohol 21.6%, (A3) PMMA immersed in mouthwash containing alcohol 9%, (B1) thermoplastic nylon immersed in aquades, (B2) thermoplastic nylon immersed in mouthwash containing alcohol 21.6%, (B3) thermoplastic nylon immersed in mouthwash containing alcohol 9%. Flexural strength of two materials was tested using universal testing machine (Shimadzu AGS - 5KNX, Japan). All of the data obtained were analyzed using two way Anova test. Result: The mean of flexural strength for group A1 (104.275 ± 15.469 MPa), A2 (103.298 ± 10.387 MPa), A3 (111.626 ± 14.957 MPa), B1 (42.707 ± 4.857 MPa), B2 (38.258 ± 3.246 MPa), and B3 (40.218 ± 1.542 MPa). Result of analysis showed that there was a significant differences between flexural strength of polymethylmethacrylate and thermoplastic nylon (p<0,05), but immersion in mouthwash containing  alcohol showed no significant difference (p>0,05). Conclusion: This research found that flexural strength of polymethylmethacrylate higher than flexural strength of thermoplastic nylon and mouthwash containing alcohol can be an alternative for cleaning a denture because it does not affect the flexural strength of both material significantly.

scholarly journals Biaxial Flexural Strength of High-Viscosity Glass-Ionomer Cements Heat-Cured with an LED Lamp during Setting

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Fabián Molina ◽  
Ricardo Juan Cabral ◽  
Ignacio Mazzola ◽  
Laura Brain Lascano ◽  
Jo E. Frencken
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cements ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biaxial Flexural Strength ◽  
Gold Label ◽  
Group 2

Adding heat to glass ionomers during setting might improve mechanical properties. The aim was to compare the biaxial flexural strength (BFS) between and within four glass ionomers, by time of exposure to a high-intensity LED light-curing unit.Materials and methods. Samples of Fuji 9 Gold Label, Ketac Molar Easymix, ChemFil Rock, and the EQUIA system were divided into three treatment groups (n=30): without heating (Group 1), heated with LED lamp of 1400 mW/cm2for 30 s while setting (Group 2), and heated with LED lamp of 1400 mW/cm2for 60 s while setting (Group 3). Samples were stored for 48 hours in distilled water at 37°C until tested. BFS was tested, using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Data were analyzed, using ANOVA test with the Bonferroni correction (α=0.05). Heating the glass-ionomer cements with an LED curing light of 1400 mW/cm2during setting for 30 s increased the BFS value of all GICs. No statistically significant difference in mean BFS scores was found between the EQUIA system and ChemFil Rock at 30 s and 60 s. The mean BFS value was statistically significantly higher for the EQUIA system and ChemFil Rock than for Fuji 9 Gold Label and Ketac Molar Easymix at all exposure times.

scholarly journals Compressive and diametral tensile strength of glass ionomer cements

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Bresciani ◽  
Terezinha de Jesus Esteves Barata ◽  
Ticiane Cestari Fagundes ◽  
Akimi Adachi ◽  
Marina Martins Terrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cement ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Atraumatic Restorative Treatment ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Restorative Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Diametral Tensile Strength

The aim of this study was to compare, in different periods of time, the compressive and diametral tensile strength of a traditional high viscous glass ionomer cement: Fuji IX (GC Corporation), with two new Brazilian GIC's: Vitro-Molar (DFL) and Bioglass R (Biodinamica), all indicated for the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) technique. Fifteen disk specimens (6.0mm diameter x 3.0mm height) for the diametral tensile strength (DTS) test and fifteen cylindrical specimens (6.0mm diameter x 12.0mm height) for the compressive strength (CS) test were made of each GIC. Specimens were stored in deionized water at 37º C and 100% of humidity in a stove until testing. Five specimens of each GIC were submitted to CS and DTS test in each period, namely 1 hour, 24 hours and 7 days. The specimens were tested in a testing machine (Emic) at a crosshead speed of 1.0mm/min for CS and 0.5mm/min for the DTS test until failure occurred. The data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (alpha=0.05). The mean CS values ranged from 42.03 to 155.47MPa and means DTS from 5.54 to 13.72 MPa, with test periods from 1h to 7 days. The CS and DTS tests showed no statistically significant difference between Fuji IX and Vitro Molar, except for CS test at 1-hour period. Bioglass R had lowest mean value for CS of the cements tested. In DTS test Bioglass R presented no statistically significant differences when compared with all others tested GICs at 1-hour period and Bioglass R presented no difference at 24-hour and 7-day periods when compared to Vitro-Molar. Further studies to investigate other physical properties such as fracture toughness and wear resistance, as well as chemical composition and biocompatibility, are now needed to better understand the properties of these new Brazilian GIC's.

scholarly journals Fracture Resistance of Zirconia-Reinforced Lithium Silicate Ceramic Crowns Cemented with Conventional or Adhesive Systems: An In Vitro Study

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2012
Author(s):  
Gianmaria D’Addazio ◽  
Manlio Santilli ◽  
Marco Lorenzo Rollo ◽  
Paolo Cardelli ◽  
Imena Rexhepi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Human Tooth ◽  
Lithium Silicate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aesthetic Characteristics ◽  
Silicate Ceramic

In recent years, Zirconia-reinforced Lithium Silicate ceramic (ZLS), combining lithium-silicate and zirconia features, has shown to have excellent mechanical and aesthetic characteristics. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the fracture strength of ZLS single crowns cemented with two different cementation techniques. Twenty crowns were realised and cemented on teeth replicas achieved from an extracted premolar human tooth. The samples were divided into two groups of 10 specimens each, Glass-ionomeric cement (GIC) group and Self-Adhesive Resin Cement (ARC) group. The mechanical test was performed using a universal testing machine. The specimens were then evaluated with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to identify for all crowns and related abutments the pattern of fracture after the breaking point. The data obtained were statistically analysed. The mean fracture toughness values and standard deviations (±SD) were 2227 ± 382 N and 3712 ± 319 N respectively for GIC and ARC groups. In fact, t-test showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.001). Moreover, the SEM results demonstrated portions of abutments still attached to the crown fragments in the ARC group, whilst these were not present in the GIC group. Within the limitations of this study, these results suggest the use of adhesive cementation for ZLS crowns, which significantly increase the compressive strength of ZLS restorations compared to GIC.

The Effect of Thermoforming on Tear Strength of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Mouthguard Material in Various Thicknesses

2017 ◽  
Vol 751 ◽  
pp. 657-662
Author(s):  
Phakphum Srinuan ◽  
Jeerapatr O. Baiyokvichit ◽  
Rasana Boonpeng ◽  
Tanapol Wongwisatekit ◽  
Pacharaporn Pattanasukwasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thermoforming Process ◽  
One Way Anova

The effect of thermoforming on the tear strength of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) mouthguard material (Bioplast®) has not been widely investigated. The present study compared the tear strengths of non-processed and processed EVA specimens in various thicknesses. Two groups of EVA sheet (non-processed and processed) in three different thicknesses of 3, 4 and 5 mm were used in specimen fabrication. The processed EVA sheets were achieved by forming the EVA sheet on the cylindrical stone model with the pressure-molding device (Biostar®). Twelve of tear strength specimens of non-processed and processed group in each thickness were prepared following the modified ASTM D 624-00 guideline. The tear strength test was conducted using universal testing machine (Lloyd® 1K series) with the speed of 500 mm/min. The mean thickness and tear strength of the non-processed and processed specimens in each thickness were compared using independent T-test. The differences in the mean tear strength for each thickness of non-processed and process specimens were determined using one-way ANOVA. The mean tear strength and mean thickness of processed EVA specimens was significantly lower than the non-processed EVA specimens for every thickness (P ≤ 0.05). There was no significant difference in the mean tear strength of EVA specimens among each thickness in both non-processed and processed groups. It can be concluded that the thermoforming process has the significant effect on the tear strength of the EVA mouthguard material formed by pressure molding device in every thicknesses. The tear strength of processed specimens were significant lower than the non-processed. Thus, it is more relevant for testing properties of the processed mouthguard material that the mouthguard material before processing.

scholarly journals Influence of Light-curing Parameters on Biofilm Development and Flexural Strength of a Silorane-based Composite

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Brambilla ◽  
A Ionescu ◽  
G Cazzaniga ◽  
M Ottobelli
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Light Curing ◽  
Biofilm Development

SUMMARYObjectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in biological and mechanical performances of a silorane-based and a methacrylate-based composite. Another aim was to assess the influence of light-curing time and light-curing intensity on in vitro biofilm formation and flexural strength of the two tested composites.Methods: Experiment 1: 432 specimens obtained from a silorane-based composite and from a standard methacrylate-based composite were divided into six groups and light-cured for 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, or 80 seconds, using one of two light-curing intensities, 400 mW/cm2 or 800 mW/cm2. At 24 hours, a monospecific Streptococcus mutans biofilm adherent to the surfaces of the samples was obtained. Then, a colorimetric technique (MTT assay) was used to evaluate the adherent viable biomass. Two samples per group were observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests were used to analyze the results (p&lt;0.05). Experiment 2: 192 bar-shaped specimens were obtained and light-cured as in the previous experiment. A three-point bend test using a universal testing machine was performed to obtain flexural strength values. ANOVA and Tukey tests were used to analyze the results (p&lt;0.05).Results: In experiment 1, a highly significant difference (p&lt;0.0001) in biofilm development was shown between silorane-based and methacrylate-based composites. In fact, the silorane-based composite exhibited better biological performance. Significant differences were also found between the two light-curing intensities (p&lt;0.018) and for curing times (p&lt;0.0001): silorane-based composite light-cured for 80 seconds at 800 mW/cm2 light-curing intensity showed the lowest biofilm development. In experiment 2, a significant difference in flexural strength (p&lt;0.0318) was only found between the different composites. Nevertheless, both resin composites showed flexural strength values in accordance with International Organization for Standardization guidelines even after 10 seconds of light-curing time.Conclusions: Silorane-based composite was less prone to biofilm development compared with a methacrylate-based composite. Acceptable flexural strength values for both composites were obtained after 10 seconds of light-curing time.

scholarly journals Effects of Denture Cleansers on Heat-Polymerized Acrylic Resin: A Five-Year-Simulated Period of Use

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Noronha Ferraz Arruda ◽  
Danilo Balero Sorgini ◽  
Viviane de Cássia Oliveira ◽  
Ana Paula Macedo ◽  
Cláudia Helena Silva Lovato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Alkaline Peroxide ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bonferroni Test ◽  
Clinically Significant

<p>This study evaluated color stability, surface roughness and flexural strength of acrylic resin after immersion in alkaline peroxide and alkaline hypochlorite solutions, simulating a five-year-period of use. Sixty disc-shaped (16x4 mm) and 60 rectangular specimens (65x10x3.3 mm) were prepared from heat-polymerized acrylic resin (Lucitone 550) and assigned to 3 groups (n=20) of immersion (20 min): C1: distilled water; AP: warm water and one alkaline peroxide tablet; SH: 0.5% NaOCl solution. Color data (∆E) were determined by a colorimeter and also quantified according to the National Bureau of Standards units. A rugosimeter was used to measure roughness (μm) and the flexural strength (MPa) was measured using a universal testing machine. Data were evaluated by Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn tests (color stability and surface roughness) and by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test (flexural strength). For all tests was considered α=0.05. AP {0.79 (0.66;1.42)} caused color alteration significantly higher than C1 {0.45 (0.37;0.57)} and SH {0.34 (0.25;0.42)}. The mean ∆Ε values quantified by NBS were classified as "trace" for C1 (0.43) and SH (0.31) and "slight" for AP (0.96). SH {-0.015 (-0.023;0.003)} caused significantly higher ΔRa than the C1 {0.000 (-0.004;0.010)} and AP {0.000 (-0.009;0.008)} groups. There was no statistically significant difference among the solutions for flexural strength (C1: 84.62±16.00, AP: 85.63±12.99, SH: 84.22±14.72). It was concluded that immersion in alkaline peroxide and NaOCl solutions simulating a five-year of 20 min daily soaking did not cause clinically significant adverse effects on the heat-polymerized acrylic resin.</p>

Surface Microhardness and Flexural Strength of Colored Zirconia

2010 ◽  
Vol 105-106 ◽  
pp. 49-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Liu ◽  
Long Quan Shao ◽  
Ning Wen ◽  
Bin Deng
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
The Other ◽  
Zirconia Ceramic ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Lower Strength ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biaxial Flexural Strength

The surface microhardness and flexural strength of colored zirconia were examined. Two groups of zirconia disks (1mm thick, 20mm in diameter) within 5 disks each were shading with the same coloring liquids IL2 (Vita Classic-scale) when another group of 5 disks measured in no color. The shading time of one group was 3s and that of the other group was prolonged to 30s. The mechanical properties were tested after sintering at 1500°C. Data were evaluated using ANOVA analysis. Disks of shading 30s showed a lower strength 712  53 MPa. The value of 3s was 853  46 MPa. There were no significant difference on microhardness between the two shading time. Prolonged the shading time lowered the biaxial flexural strength of zirconia ceramic, but shading time did no effect on surface microhardness.

scholarly journals Influence of time and hydration (ageing) on flexural strength of Yttrium stabilized Zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP) fabricated with different CAD-CAM Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khulud A Al Aali ◽  
Saad Alresayes ◽  
Aasem M Alhenaki ◽  
Fahim Vohra ◽  
Tariq Abduljabbar
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Cam Systems ◽  
Ageing Duration ◽  
Group 1

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of time and hydration (ageing) on flexural strength of yttrium-stabilized zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP) zirconia fabricated from three different materials. Methods: This in-vitro study was performed from June to September 2019. Y-TZP bars, measuring 2 x 3 x 20 mm were prepared and sintered from three different materials, Group-1: LAVA™ Zirconia (3M™ ESPE, US) (control) Group-2: Vita In-Ceram YZ (VITA, Germany) and Group-3: Aadva™ Zirconia (Zr) (GC Advanced technologies Inc.). 30 zirconia bars per group were prepared using sectioning of blocks with isomet saw. Followed by sintering in furnaces for recommended temperature cycles. One side of bars were polished and beveled for flexural testing. Groups of specimens were divided into subgroups of 3 (n=10) based on the ageing (distilled water in the incubator at 37ºC) durations (48 Hrs and two and half years). Ten specimens in each material groups were not aged (controls). Samples were exposed to a static force in a three-point bend test using a universal instron-testing machine until fracture. Scanning electron microscopic assessment was performed for fractured specimens for ageing. Data was analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test. Results: The mean flexural strength at baseline for Group-1: LAVA™ Zirconia, group (632.7 ± 136.5 MPa) 2: Vita In-Ceram YZ (1036.3 ± 229.6 MPa), and Group-3: Aadva™ Zirconia (1171.3 ± 266.3 MPa) were significantly different. Group-2 and Group-3 specimens showed higher strength compared to Group-1 specimens, irrespective of the ageing duration (p<0.05). Analysis of pooled data for flexural strength for materials by aging period (baseline, after 48 hours and after 2 and ½ years) showed that there was significant reduction of strength with increasing duration (p<0.05). Conclusions: Y-TZP showed variations in flexural strength depending on the material type. Ageing duration exhibited significant influence on the flexural strength of Y-TZP when comparing no ageing to two and half years. Vita In-Ceram YZ and Aadva Zirconia (Zr) showed higher and clinically acceptable flexural strength outcomes. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.3996 How to cite this:Al-Aali KA, Alresayes S, Alhenaki AM, Vohra F, Abduljabbar T. Influence of time and hydration (ageing) on flexural strength of Yttrium stabilized Zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP) fabricated with different CAD-CAM Systems. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(3):---------.   doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.3996 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Fracture Resistance of a Bulk-Fill and a Conventional Composite and a Combination of Both for Coronal Restoration of Severely Damaged Primary Anterior Teeth

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Mosharrafian ◽  
Maryam Shafizadeh ◽  
Zeinab Sharifi
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
One Way Anova

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the fracture resistance of a bulk-fill and a conventional composite and a combination of both for coronal restoration of severely damaged primary anterior teeth. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, 45 primary anterior teeth were randomly divided into three groups. After root canal preparation, the canals were filled with Metapex paste such that after the application of 1 mm of light-cure liner, 3 mm of the coronal third of the canal remained empty for composite post fabrication. Filtek Z250 conventional composite was used in group 1, Sonic-Fill bulk-fill composite was used in group 2 and Sonic-Fill with one layer of Filtek Z250 as the veneering were used in group 3. Adper Single Bond 2 was used in all groups. The teeth were thermocycled, and fracture resistance was measured by a universal testing machine. The mode of fracture was categorized as repairable or irreparable. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results: The mean fracture resistance was 307.00±74.72, 323.31±84.28 and 333.30±63.96 N in groups 1 to 3, respectively (P=0.55). The mean fracture strength was 14.53±2.98, 15.08±2.82 and 15.26±3.02 MPa in groups 1 to 3, respectively (P=0.77). The frequency of repairable mode of failure was 80% for the conventional, 73.6% for the bulk-fill and 80% for the bulk-fill plus conventional group, with no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusions: Bulk-fill composites can be used for coronal reconstruction of severely damaged primary anterior teeth similar to conventional composites to decrease the treatment time in pediatric patients.

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