Safety Profile, In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity, and In Vivo Antiulcerogenic Potential of Root Barks from Annona senegalensis Pers. (Annonaceae)

Annona senegalensis (Annonaceae) is a tropical shrub widely distributed in Burkina Faso. This plant is traditionally used as a medicine against many pathologies including typhoid fever, gastrointestinal disorders, ulcers, and inflammatory and infectious diseases. The present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antiulcer properties of Annona senegalensis root bark extracts. Therefore, toxicity tests were first performed, followed by other biological tests. For this purpose, we first undertook to evaluate the toxicity tests before considering the other biological tests in a second step. The results showed that the extracted fractions had a significant effect for the different methods used (protein denaturation inhibition activity, hyaluronidase inhibition activity, and xanthine oxidase inhibition activity). However, of the extracted fractions used, the ethyl acetate fraction was the most anti-inflammatory fraction. The antiulcer activity was evaluated using the best bioactive fraction. The antiulcer effect of the ethyl acetate fraction may be due to both the reduction of gastric acid secretion and gastric cytoprotection. The results of this study also showed that the bioactive fraction reduced ethanol-induced ulceration and pyloric ligation in a dose-dependent manner, and at the highest dose (200 mg/kg), the effect was similar to that of the reference drug. In summary, the ethyl acetate fraction was found to have the best anti-inflammatory and antiulcerogenic activities. The ethyl acetate fraction at a dose of 200 mg/kg also showed a rather interesting level of cytoprotection. The anti-inflammatory and antiulcer activities could be due to the different secondary metabolites contained in the fractions extracted from Annona senegalensis, notably flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, saponins, and tannins. As the mechanisms of action are still little or not understood, we will consider in the future identifying the phytoconstituents and the mechanisms of action involved in the results.

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Anti-inflammatory and Anti-nociceptive Effects of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Root Bark of Cassia sieberiana D. C. in Murine Models

Pharmacologia ◽

10.5567/pharmacologia.2013.301.310 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 301-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kofi Donkor ◽

Laud N.K. Okine ◽

Wonder K.M. Abotsi ◽

Eric Woode

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Root Bark ◽

Murine Models ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Hedyotis diffusa plus Scutellaria barbata Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects by Regulating miR-155 Expression and JNK Signaling Pathway

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/3593408 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yuan Xu ◽

Xiao-Xia Chen ◽

Yi-Xin Jiang ◽

Dan-Dan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Equal Weight ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Jnk Signaling ◽

Scutellaria Barbata ◽

Hedyotis Diffusa ◽

Jnk Signaling Pathway ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Hedyotis diffusa Willd and Scutellaria barbata D. Don (HDSB) were the core couplet in medicines that were commonly used for the purpose of anti-inflammation and anticancer treatments in China. However, biological properties of this couplet have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we screened fractions of HDSB for their anti-inflammatory activities and explored pertinent molecular mechanisms on murine macrophage RAW264.7 cell model. Ethyl acetate fraction from the aqueous extract of the couplet at equal weight ratio (EA11) showed the strongest inhibition of the nitrite accumulation in supernatant of RAW264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon-γ (IFN-γ). In addition, EA11 inhibited iNOS and IL-1β expression in a concentration-dependent manner while promoting the expression of HO-1 and PPAR-γ. Anti-inflammatory capability is most likely facilitated by its inhibitory effect on JNK signaling pathway and miR-155 expression. This study suggests that EA11 may be represented as a potential anti-inflammatory therapeutic candidate.

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Evaluations and Mechanistic Interrogation of Natural Products Isolated From Paeonia suffruticosa for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.696158 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Kun-Chang Wu ◽

Der-Yen Lee ◽

Jeh-Ting Hsu ◽

Chi-Fang Cheng ◽

Joung-Liang Lan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Root Bark ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Paeonia Suffruticosa ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

The Impact

Mu Dan Pi (MDP), a traditional Chinese medicine derived from the root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews, is used to treat autoimmune diseases due to its anti-inflammatory properties. However, the impact of MDP on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its principal active compounds that contribute to the anti-inflammatory properties are uncertain. Thus, this study systemically evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of fractionated MDP, which has therapeutic potential for IBD. MDP fractions were prepared by multistep fractionation, among which the ethyl acetate-fraction MDP5 exhibited the highest potency, with anti-inflammatory activity screened by the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 agonist, Pam3CSK4, in a cell-based model. MDP5 (at 50 μg/ml, p < 0.001) significantly inhibited nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) reporters triggered by Pam3CSK4, without significant cell toxicity. Moreover, MDP5 (at 10 μg/ml) alleviated proinflammatory signaling triggered by Pam3CSK4 in a dose-dependent manner and reduced downstream IL-6 and TNF-α production (p < 0.001) in primary macrophages. MDP5 also mitigated weight loss, clinical inflammation, colonic infiltration of immune cells and cytokine production in a murine colitis model. Index compounds including paeoniflorin derivatives (ranging from 0.1 to 3.4%), gallic acid (1.8%), and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (1.1%) in MDP5 fractions were identified by LC-MS/MS and could be used as anti-inflammatory markers for MDP preparation. Collectively, these data suggest that MDP5 is a promising treatment for IBD patients.

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Analysis of the Potential Topical Anti-Inflammatory Activity ofAverrhoa carambolaL. in Mice

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1093/ecam/neq026 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Daniela Almeida Cabrini ◽

Henrique Hunger Moresco ◽

Priscila Imazu ◽

Cíntia Delai da Silva ◽

Evelise Fernandes Pietrovski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Skin Disorders ◽

Edema Formation ◽

Maximum Inhibition ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Inflammatory skin disorders, such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, are very common in the population; however, the treatments currently available are not well tolerated and are often ineffective.Averrhoa carambolaL. (Oxalidaceae) is an Asian tree that has been used in traditional folk medicine in the treatment of several skin disorders. The present study evaluates the topical anti-inflammatory effects of the crude ethanolic extract ofA. carambolaleaves, its hexane, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions and two isolated flavonoids on skin inflammation. Anti-inflammatory activity was measured using a croton oil-induced ear edema model of inflammation in mice. Topically applied ethanolic extract reduced edema in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in a maximum inhibition of 73 ± 3% and an ID50value of 0.05 (range: 0.02–0.13) mg/ear. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was also inhibited by the extract, resulting in a maximum inhibition of 60 ± 6% (0.6 mg/ear). All of the fractions tested caused inhibition of edema formation and of MPO activity. Treatment with the ethyl acetate fraction was the most effective, resulting in inhibition levels of 75 ± 5 and 54 ± 8% for edema formation and MPO activity, respectively. However, treatment of mice with isolated compounds [apigenin-6-C-β-l-fucopyranoside and apigenin-6-C-(2″-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-l-fucopyranoside] did not yield successful results. Apigenin-6-C-(2″-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-l-fucopyranoside caused only a mild reduction in edema formation (28 ± 11%). Taken together, these preliminary results support the popular use ofA. carambolaas an anti-inflammatory agent and open up new possibilities for its use in skin disorders.

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Antioxidant Activity, Inhibition α-Glucosidase of Ethanol Extract of Strychnos nitida G. Don and Identification of Active Compounds

Current Biochemistry ◽

10.29244/cb.5.3.11-20 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 11-20

Author(s):

Stefani Dhale Rale ◽

Hasim Hasim ◽

Syamsul Falah

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Inhibition Activity ◽

Active Compounds ◽

Activity Inhibition ◽

Activity Test ◽

Ic50 Value ◽

Treatment Of Diabetes

This study aims to find the treatment of diabetes using natural materials by exploring plants in the province of East Nusa Tenggara. his research was conducted out by extracting the Strychnos nitida G.Don stem using a method of maceration by ethanol 70%. Ethanol extract was then fractionated using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Simplicia from maceration and fractionation results were then tested for antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase inhibition activity and identification of active compounds. The results showed that ethyl acetate fraction had the lowest IC50 value of 86.83 μg / ml. Results of the α-glucosidase activity test showed that ethyl acetate fraction and n-heksan fraction at 900 ppm had the highest percentage of inhibition of 34.23% and 33.89%. Identification using LCMS/MS method showed that ethyl acetate fraction consist of Benzenemethamine, N, N-dioctyl- as an antioxidantcompound and compound 24-methyl-5-cholestone-hexol as an antidiabetic compound. From the results of this study, we concluded that the extract of kayu ular Strychnos nitida G.Don stem has inhibition activity toward α-glucosidase enzyme.

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Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Organic and Aqueous Extracts of Northeast Algerian Marrubium vulgare

Phytothérapie ◽

10.3166/phyto-2018-0106 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (S1) ◽

pp. S119-S129

Author(s):

I. Namoune ◽

B. Khettal ◽

A.M. Assaf ◽

S. Elhayek ◽

L. Arrar

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Interleukin 1 ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Marrubium Vulgare ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Marrubium vulgare (Lamiaceae) is frequently used in traditional medicine to treat many illnesses from ancient times. Its beneficial effects include antibacterial, antioedematogenic, and analgesic activities. This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of organic and aqueous extracts of the leaves, the flowers, the stems, and the roots of Marrubium vulgare. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as the antioxidant and the anti-inflammatory effects of methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous extracts have been investigated by using different in-vitro methods. It was found that the ethyl acetate extract from Marrubium vulgare stems had the highest total phenolic content, while the ethyl acetate extract from the leaves yielded a high concentration of flavonoids. The ethyl acetate extract from the stems exhibited the highest activity in scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), as well as in protecting erythrocytes. The leaves aqueous extract exhibited the highest ferrous chelating activity and its methanolic extract was found to be the strongest inhibitor of lipid peroxidation in β-carotene bleaching assay. The leaves chloroform extracts as well as the flowers methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts were found to decrease the pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) cytokine levels in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, the flowers methanolic extract and the leaves methanol, ethyl acetate, and aqueous extracts decreased the interleukin-1 beta (IL- 1β) release. It was also found that the methanol extract from the flowers and the chloroform extract from the stems of Marrubium vulgare inhibited interleukin-8 (IL-8) release. This study provides a scientific basis for the traditional use of Marrubium vulgare as an anti-inflammatory agent and for the plant to be considered as an important resource of natural antioxidants.

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Comparative free radical scavenging and hypoglycemic activities of n-hexane, ethyl-acetate, and aqueous fractions of Azanza garckeana pulp

10.53858/arocnpr01020108 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Abubakar A. Yusuf ◽

Toheeb D. Yissa ◽

Abdulhakeem Rotimi Agboola ◽

Sodiq M Balogun ◽

Peter O. Adeboye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Hypoglycemic Effect ◽

Hexane Fraction ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Aqueous Fraction ◽

Dpph Scavenging ◽

Glucose Reduction

Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing on a global trend. The aim of the present study is to identify the most effective antioxidants and hypoglycemic fraction of Azanza garckeana. Methods: The fractions (nhexane or ethyl-acetate or aqueous) of A. garckeana were administered to the alloxan-induced diabetic rats at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg for 15 days. Antioxidants activities were evaluated at concentrations of 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 µg/mL using the DPPH scavenging assay. Results: Results revealed that both the hexane, ethyl-acetate, and aqueous fractions exhibited hypoglycemic and antioxidants activities in a dose-dependent manner. The n-hexane fraction demonstrated highest percentage DPPH scavenging effect of 26.34±3.43, 38.44±4.35, 59.34±3.45, and 74.83±5.35 at 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 µg/mL respectively. The ethyl-acetate fraction demonstrated 19.33±2.98, 28.94±3.24, 47.34±2.90, and 57.82±4.54 respectively while the aqueous fraction exhibited the least activities of 12.45±23.45, 18.64±2.94, 27.94±3.89, and 39.43±3.89 at concentrations of 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 µg/mL respectively. In addition, the n-hexane fraction demonstrated the most significant hypoglycemic effect with the highest glucose reduction of 58.97 ±3.45 %, 63.86±5.35 %, and 66.51±4.35 %, ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated glucose reduction of 7.55±0.54%, 21.77±2.35 %, and 29.56±3.46 % while the aqueous fraction demonstrated the least hypoglycemic effect of 9.89±2.67 %, 18.09±3.45 %, and 18.87±3.24 at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg bw respectively. Conclusion: The n-hexane fraction of Azanza garckeana extract could serve as a reservoir of bioactive agents that could be useful for the development of a new anti-diabetic agent

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