Systematic Review of Tongxinluo Capsule on the Therapeutic Effect and Hemorheology of Patients with Transient Ischemic Attack

Objectives. This study aims to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of Tongxinluo capsule in the treatment of transient ischemic attack (TIA) and its effect on hemorheology, thereby providing scientific basis for clinical decision making. Methods. A comprehensive and systematic literature retrieval was conducted in the CNKI, Wanfang database, SinoMed, EMbase, and PubMed to screen the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Tongxinluo capsule in the treatment of TIA. The retrieval time was from the inception of each database to September 10, 2020. Endnote X9 was used to screen the literature. Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing risk of bias was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. Stata16.0 statistical software was used for meta-analysis. Results. A total of 12 RCTs were included, involving 946 subjects. (1) The clinical efficacy of the Tongxinluo group was better than that of the control group (RR = 1.19, 95% CI (1.09, 1.30), P ≤ 0.001). (2) The hemorheological characteristics of the Tongxinluo group were significantly improved compared with those of the control group (whole blood high shear viscosity: SMD = −1.61, 95% CI (−1.89, −1.34); P ≤ 0.001, whole blood low shear viscosity: SMD = −1.06, 95% CI (−1.31, −0.80), P ≤ 0.001, fibrinogen: SMD = −1.12, 95% CI (−1.94, −0.29), P = 0.008, plasma specific viscosity: SMD = −1.00, 95% CI (−1.69, −0.31), P = 0.004, and hematocrit: SMD = −1.47, 95% CI (−2.16, −0.77), P ≤ 0.001). (3) There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the Tongxinluo group and control group (RR = 7.76, 95% CI (0.98, 61.28), P = 0.052). Conclusion. Tongxinluo capsule is superior to conventional treatment in improving clinical overall response rate and hemorheological indexes and is relatively safe. Due to the deficiencies of the existing studies, more high-quality studies with rigorous design are required for further verification.

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Sleep-Related Leg Movements in Patients with Transient Ischemic Attack and Controls

European Neurology ◽

10.1159/000487666 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 79 (3-4) ◽

pp. 171-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mirjam H. Schipper ◽

Korné Jellema ◽

Diego Alvarez-Estevez ◽

Johan Verbraecken ◽

Roselyne M. Rijsman

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Transient Ischemic Attack ◽

Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽

Control Group ◽

Periodic Leg Movements ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ischemic Attack ◽

Leg Movements

Background: Periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS) have been associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases and there is a high prevalence of PLMS found in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). We evaluated patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) for PLMS and respiratory related leg movements (RRLM), versus a control group without TIA. Methods: Twenty-five patients with TIA and 34 patients with no vascular diagnosis were referred for polysomnography. Diagnosis of PLMS was made if the periodic leg movement index (PLMI) was ≥5 and clinical significant as PLMI ≥15. Results: There was no significant difference in PLMI ≥5 and ≥15 between patients with and without TIA. In the absence of OSAS, 2 out of 5 TIA patients (40%) had a PLMI ≥15 compared to 1 of the 19 patients without TIA (5%; p = 0.037). There was no increase in RRLMs when OSAS was present. Conclusions: TIA patients did not have higher PLMI compared to controls, and in the presence of OSAS, there was no increase in RRLMs compared to patients without TIA. In selective patients, PLMS could be associated with cardiovascular diseases, since PLMS was clinically more often found in the TIA group without OSAS.

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Viscosity and Red Cell Deformity in Arterial Disease

10.1055/s-0038-1665789 ◽

1979 ◽

Author(s):

G Cella ◽

H de Haas ◽

M Rampling ◽

V Kakkar

Keyword(s):

Vascular Disease ◽

Blood Viscosity ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Arterial Disease ◽

Plasma Viscosity ◽

Control Group ◽

Fibrinogen Concentration ◽

Red Cell ◽

Whole Blood Viscosity ◽

Significant Difference

Haemorrheological factors have been shown to be affected in many kings of vascular disease. The present study was undertaken to correlate these factors in normal subjects and patients suffering from peripheral arterial disease. Twenty-two patients were investigated; they had moderate or severe intermittent claudication, extent of disease being confirmed by aorto-arteriography and ankle-systolic pressure studies. Twenty-five controls with no symptoms or signs of arterial disease were selected with comparable age and sex distribution. Whole blood viscosity was measured at shear rates of 230 secs-1 and 23 secs-lat 37°c using a Wells Brookfield cone plate microvisco meter. Plasma viscosity was also measured in an identical manner. Erythrocyte flexibility was measured by centrifuge technique and fibrinogen concentration as well as haematocrit by standard techniques. The fibrinogen concentration appeared to be the only significant parameter; the mean concentration in patients with peripheral vascular disease of 463 ± 73mg/l00ml in the control group ( < 0.05). Although whole blood viscosity was high in patients, when corrected to a common haematocrit, there was no significant difference between patients and controls. The same megative correlation was found for plasma viscosity. The red cell flexibility was found to be increased in patients as compared to the control group, but this effect appeared to be simply proportional to the fibrinogen concentration.

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The Effectiveness of Using a Mobile Messenger as an Educational Supporting Tool among Nursing Students

Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine ◽

10.37231/ajmb.2020.4.1.333 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 67-77

Author(s):

Rohimah Ismail ◽

Chong Mei Chan ◽

Wan Muhammad Azly W. Zulkafli ◽

Hasnah Zani ◽

Zainab Mohd Shafie

Keyword(s):

Nursing Education ◽

Nursing Students ◽

Clinical Decision Making ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Great Influence ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Supporting Tool ◽

Nursing College

The evolution of information technology has exerted great influence on nursing education via new pedagogy of knowledge delivery without time and place restriction. Mobile technology revolutionises nursing education and clinical practice via empowering skills of critical thinking and clinical decision-making through learning. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of using mobile messenger (Whatsapp) as an educational supporting tool among nursing students. The study design used is a Cluster Randomized Control Trail. Two nursing colleges were selected. Sample size was 93 participants, 48 from the Kuala Terengganu Nursing College Kuala Terengganu as the intervention group while the control group were recruited among 45 participants from UniSZA Nursing College. There is a significant difference in the level of knowledge between pre and posttest among intervention group (mean difference was -8.70 with a standard deviation 8.42, p-value< 0.001) and 93.8 percent of the respondents perceived the usefulness of using WhatsApp mobile messenger to enhance learning. This demonstrates that learning through mobile messenger (WhatsApp) enhances learning and is well received as a new method of learning by almost all students. Keywords: Mobile learning, WhatsApp messenger, Social Interaction

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The clinical efficacy of arthroscopic therapy with knee infrapatellar fat pad cell concentrates in treating knee cartilage lesion: a prospective, randomized, and controlled study

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research ◽

10.1186/s13018-021-02224-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yiqin Zhou ◽

Haobo Li ◽

Dong Xiang ◽

Jiahua Shao ◽

Qiwei Fu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Efficacy ◽

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽

Stromal Cells ◽

Knee Arthroscopy ◽

Infrapatellar Fat Pad ◽

Control Group ◽

Knee Cartilage ◽

Fat Pad ◽

Group 12 ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Introduction To evaluate the clinical efficacy of arthroscopic therapy with infrapatellar fat pad cell concentrates in treating knee cartilage lesions, we conducted a prospective randomized single-blind clinical study of controlled method. Methods Sixty cases from Shanghai Changzheng Hospital from April 2018 to December 2019 were chosen and randomly divided into 2 groups equally. Patients in the experiment group were treated through knee arthroscopy with knee infrapatellar fat pad cell concentrates containing mesenchymal stromal cells, while patients in the control group were treated through regular knee arthroscopic therapy. VAS and WOMAC scores were assessed at pre-operation, and 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after intervention. MORCART scores were assessed at pre-operation and 12 months after intervention. Results Twenty-nine cases in the experiment group and 28 cases in the control group were followed up. No significant difference in VAS, WOMAC, and MOCART scores were found between the two groups before surgery (P > 0.05). The WOMAC total and WOMAC function scores of the experiment group were significantly lower than those of the control group 6 months and 12 months after surgery (P < 0.05). The VAS rest and VAS motion scores of the experiment group were found significantly lower than those of the control group 12 months after surgery (P < 0.05). The MOCART scores of the experiment group were found significantly higher compared with the control group 12 months after surgery (P < 0.05). No significant difference in WOMAC stiffness scores were found between the two groups. Conclusions The short-term results of our study are encouraging and demonstrate that knee arthroscopy with infrapatellar fat pad cell concentrates containing mesenchymal stromal cells is safe and provides assistance in reducing pain and improving function in patients with knee cartilage lesions. Trial registration ChiCTR1800015379. Registered on 27 March 2018, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=25901.

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Effect of Aerosol Inhalation of Budesonide Suspension on Clinical Efficacy, Remission Time of Asthma and Disappearance Time of Rales in Children with Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia

Tobacco Regulatory Science ◽

10.18001/trs.7.5.1.75 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 3057-3062

Author(s):

TingTing Zheng ◽

XiNi Liu ◽

Xuechun Chen

Keyword(s):

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽

Clinical Efficacy ◽

Oral Treatment ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Aerosol Inhalation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Disappearance Time ◽

And Control ◽

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia

To investigate the effect of aerosol inhalation of budesonide suspension on clinical efficacy, remission time of asthma and disappearance time of rales in children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Methods: 100 cases of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in our hospital from February 2019 to February 2021 were randomly divided into study group (n = 50) and control group (n = 50). The control group was given azithromycin intravenous drip followed by oral treatment, and the study group was given aerosol inhalation of budesonide suspension on the basis of the control group. Results: Compared with the control group, disappearance time of rales in the study group, remission time of cough, remission time of asthma and time of hospitalization in the study group were relatively short (P<0.05), and the efficacy in the study group was relatively high (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and hoarseness between the two groups (P>0.05). The improvement of FVCS FEV1 and PEF and other indexes was relatively high in the study group by comparing with the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Aerosol inhalation of budesonide suspension in children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia can effectively enhance the therapeutic effect, promote the improvement of lung function, and reduce the disappearance time of rales and remission time of asthma, so it can be popularized.

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Abstract P426: Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors as an Adjunct to Stent Placement of Carotid Stenosis in Symptomatic Patients

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.52.suppl_1.p426 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Sachin M Bhagavan ◽

Ammad Ishfaq ◽

Muhammad F Ishfaq ◽

Mukaish Kumar ◽

Shruthi Pulimamidi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

Carotid Stenosis ◽

Transient Ischemic Attack ◽

Stent Placement ◽

Severe Disability ◽

Platelet Glycoprotein ◽

Carotid Stent ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ischemic Attack

Background: Intra-arterial or intravenous platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors have been used as adjunct to stent placement of carotid stenosis in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Objective: To determine the proportion of patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack who received platelet GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors as adjunct to carotid stent placement and associated outcomes. Methods: We analyzed data from Cerner Health Facts® which collected data from participating facilities from January 1, 2000 to July 1, 2018. We identified patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack who underwent carotid stent placement for carotid stenosis and received Abciximab, Eptifibatide, or Tirofiban. Outcome was defined by discharge destination and classified into none to minimal disability, moderate to severe disability, or death. Results: A total of 8.4 % of 4567 patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack who underwent carotid stent placement for carotid stenosis received platelet GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Patients who received platelet GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors were more likely to experience cerebral ischemia (14.8% versus 7.5%) and undergo intubation/mechanical ventilation (4.4% versus 2%). There was a significant difference between patients who did or did not receive platelet GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors in terms of in hospital mortality rates (2.7% versus 1.2%, p=0.0152), none to mild disability (67.3% vs 75.7%, p=0.0003), and moderate to severe disability (30.1% vs 23.1%,p=0.0024). Conclusions: Adjunct use of platelet GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients undergoing carotid stent placement for symptomatic carotid stenosis was associated with increased rates of in hospital mortality and moderate to severe disability.

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Abstract 276: Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Is A Potential Risk Factor For Transient Ischemic Attack

Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes ◽

10.1161/circoutcomes.7.suppl_1.276 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Yuanjin Zhang ◽

Daniel Laskowitz ◽

Dongsheng Fan

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Transient Ischemic Attack ◽

Asymmetric Dimethylarginine ◽

Small Sample Size ◽

Small Sample ◽

Control Group ◽

Acute Infarction ◽

Abcd2 Score ◽

Ischemic Attack ◽

And Control

Objective: Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase which has been shown to be involved in the pathogens of atherosclerosis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is apleiotropic growth factor involved in neurovascular remodeling in the cerebral ischemia disease. ADMA has been validated to be a risk marker of stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA). VEGF has been demonstrated associated with risk of stroke. This pilot study aimed to verify the correlation between serum ADMA, VEGF levels and ABCD2 score which has been validated to predict short term risk of stroke following transient ischemic attack (TIA). Methods: TIA was defined as a transient episode of neurologic dysfunction caused by focal brain, spinal cord or retinal ischemia, without acute infarction even the focal transient neurologic symptoms last less than one hour. We enrolled 40 TIAs and 40 healthy controls in Peking University Third Hospital Neurology wards and clinics since May to July 2013. The TIA diagnosis and ABCD2 score evaluation is conducted by the same neurology physician. The mean age of TIAs and controls was 61.9±12.9yrs and 63.4±10.9yrs respectively (P=0.544). Blood samples were drawn within 24 hours after the TIA diagnosis clarified. ADMA and VEGF levels were measured by ELISA. Result: The ADMA levels in TIAs and control group are 0.52±0.06mmol/L and 0.23±0.04mmol/L (t=24.14, P<0.01). The VEGF levels in TIAs and control group are 272.01±26.36mmol/L and 148.87±21.05mmol/L (t=24.65, P<0.01). In the non-stroke history TIAs (23 cases) sub-group the spearman correlation coefficient between ADMA and ABCD2 score is 0.6(P=0.002). Conclusion: ADMA and VEGF are absolutely increased in TIAs. There is no correlation between ADMA, VEGF, age, sex, blood pressure, glucose and ABCD2 in this small sample size population. But ADMA is probably associated with risk of TIA with no-stroke history. Thus, these findings reveal a possibly new challenging potential of the ADMA and VEGF role in the pathogenesis of TIA.

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Effect Of Butylphthalide Combined with Ozagrel Sodium on Cerebral Perfusion and Oxidative Stress Indexes in Patients with Transient Ischemic Attack

Tobacco Regulatory Science ◽

10.18001/trs.7.6.111 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 6388-6394

Author(s):

Changya Liu ◽

Yun Li ◽

Jianhua Zhou ◽

Chuanxiang Wang ◽

Tao Hu

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Transient Ischemic Attack ◽

Cerebral Perfusion ◽

Reaction Rate ◽

Effective Rate ◽

Control Group ◽

Observation Group ◽

Plaque Area ◽

Ischemic Attack ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Background The pathogenesis of transient ischemic attack is not clear. Microthrombosis theory is a theory with high clinical recognition. Microthrombosis of carotid artery and vertebral basilar artery wall occurs shedding and vasospasm, resulting in transient cerebral insufficiency. Microembolic decomposition or distal movement, cerebrovascular dilatation, local collateral circulation after the establishment of symptoms relieved or disappeared. Most patients can be relieved in a short time, but recurrent attacks can gradually damage the structure and function of brain tissue, and increase the risk of acute cerebral infarction. The clinical treatment of this disease is mainly based on the comprehensive control of risk factors, anti thrombosis, and anti-platelet aggregation. Objective To observe the effect of butylphthalide combined with ozagrel sodium on cerebral perfusion and oxidative stress indexes in patients with transient ischemic attack. Methods A total of 116 patients diagnosed as transient ischemic attack in our hospital (February 2018 - February 2020) were selected and divided into two groups according to the treatment methods. 58 cases in the control group were treated with ozagrel sodium, 58 cases in the observation group were treated with butylphthalide combined with ozagrel sodium. The CT perfusion imaging parameters, oxidative stress indexes, plaque area, and the levels of platelet activating factor ( PAF ), α-granule membrane protein-140 ( GMP-140 ), fibrinogen ( FIB ), platelet aggregation rate (PAgT), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), oxygend-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP-9) in the two groups were recorded, and the total effective rate and adverse reaction rate were counted. Results The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.640, P = 0.031). Compared with before treatment, the average time (MTT) required for the two groups of contrast agents to pass through the local brain tissue and the time (TTP) required to start the injection of contrast agents to reach the peak concentration decreased compared with before treatment. After treatment, the MTT and TTP of the observation group were shorter than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with before treatment, superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) in the two groups was higher than that in the control group, PAF, GMP-140, FIB, PAgT, NSE, HIF-la, MMP-9, malondialdehyde (MDA) and plaque area decreased. After treatment, the levels of related factors in the observation group were better than those in the control group, and the plaque area was less than that in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the adverse reaction rate between the observation group and the control group (χ2 = 0.438, P=0.508). Conclusion Butylphthalide combined with ozagrel sodium in the treatment of transient ischemic attack can improve cerebral perfusion, reduce oxidative stress injury, reduce plaque and improve curative effect.

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Comparison of organic and inorganic forms of selenium in the mother and kid relationship in goats

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/6271-cjas ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 57 (No. 8) ◽

pp. 361-369 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

L. Pavlata ◽

L. Mišurová ◽

A. Pechová ◽

R. Dvořák

Keyword(s):

Glutathione Peroxidase ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Sodium Selenite ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Control Group ◽

Individual Trial ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Individual ◽

Se Status

The goal of the experiment was to compare the effect of four different forms of selenium (Se) − sodium selenite (SS), lactate-protein selenium complex (SL), selenium enriched yeast (SY), and selenium-proteinate (SP) supplemented to pregnant goats on Se concentration and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the blood of goats on the day of delivery and also on Se concentration and GSH-Px activity in the blood of newborn kids. The experiment involved 33 pregnant goats of White Short-haired breed. The supplementation started 6 weeks before the parturition. The goats were divided into 5 groups: control group C, not supplemented, and 4 trial groups (SL, SP, SS, SY), which received Se in the above stated forms by the means of supplemented pellets (300 g per animal per day) at a rate 900 μg Se/kg of dry matter. The average Se concentrations in the blood of the goats were 79.6 μg/l in group C, 152.6 μg/l in group SL, 167.1 μg/l in group SP, 144.9 μg/l in group SS, and 152.9 μg/l in group SY. Selenium concentrations in all 4 trial groups were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than in control group, however no significant difference was found between individual trial groups. Likewise, the activity of GSH-Px in goat blood increased significantly in all supplemented groups compared to the controls; however we did not discover any significant differences in activity of GSH-Px between the individual selenium-supplemented groups. The Se concentrations in the blood of kids were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in the selenium-supplemented groups (SL – 94.9 μg/l, <br />SP – 87.5 μg/l, SS – 87.6 μg/l, SY – 92.5 μg/l) than in the control group (C – 49.4 μg/l), but we did not discover any differences between the individual experimental groups. The activity of GSH-Px in the blood of the kids tended towards higher values in the supplemented groups than in the control group, but the values were significantly higher (P < 0.05) only in groups SY and SL. We have found significant correlation between GSH-Px activity and Se concentration in the blood of goats (r = 0.86) and newborn kids (r = 0.95). Likewise, there was significant correlation between Se concentration in the blood of goats and their kids (r = 0.74). We discovered that the kids are reaching physiologically only about 60% of Se status in whole blood in comparison with their mothers. Our results are suggesting that all the above forms of Se were similarly utilised and transferred into the foetus in the goats.  

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Transient Ischemic Attack: Clinical Features and Outcome

Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Research ◽

10.1515/jbcr-2017-0004 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 25-28

Author(s):

Desislava D. Drenska ◽

Dimitar B. Maslarov

Keyword(s):

Clinical Features ◽

Transient Ischemic Attack ◽

Social Significance ◽

State Of Emergency ◽

Pathogenetic Mechanisms ◽

The Social ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Neurology Clinic ◽

Prognostic Outcome ◽

Ischemic Attack

SummaryA Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) is a state of emergency and an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke. The social significance of the disease is determined, based on the probability of occurrence of subsequent cerebrovascular incidents and their frequency among groups. The purpose of the present study was to perform a comparative analysis of clinical features and outcome in patients with TIA for at least 24 months after onset had been registered, according to the pathogenesis and to ABCD (2) score. Two hundred and fifty-seven patients were monitored at the Neurology Clinic, First MHAT – Sofia after suffering an initial TIA. All subjects were studied using a clinical evaluation of pathogenetic mechanisms and an ABCD (2) algorithm. A diagnosis of TIA was confirmed by neuroimaging. The comparison between specific pathogenetic mechanisms demonstrated a statistically significant difference. Two TIA subgroups were involved – thromboembolic and cryptogenic (p<0.05). Also, according to the ABCD (2) score results, significant differences were found between groups at low (1-3) and high (6-7) risk, and those at intermediate (4-5) and high risk (p<0.01). Detailed investigation and assessment of patients with TIA are important concerning the prognostic outcome.

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