scholarly journals Seroepidemiology of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infections: A Five-Year Retrospective Study among Blood Donors in Saboba District in the Northern Region of Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Abel Makija Nlankpe ◽  
Precious Kwablah Kwadzokpui ◽  
David Adedia ◽  
Jacob Nabei Nignan ◽  
Patrick Kwasi Owiafe
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Hcv Coinfection ◽  
Year 2013

Background and Objectives. Chronic hepatitis B and C infections are capable of progressing to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Globally, it has been estimated that over 2 billion and 170 million people are living with hepatitis B and C infections, respectively. Ghana remains one of the highly endemic countries challenged by the continuous spread of these viral agents in Africa. This study was aimed at determining the seroprevalence and trend of Hepatitis B and C coinfections among blood donors in Saboba District of the Northern Region of Ghana. Methods. A five-year hospital-based retrospective study was carried out among 8605 blood donors comprising 8517 males and 88 females using data on blood donors from Saboba Assemblies of God Hospital located in the Saboba District in the Northern Region of Ghana from 2013 to 2017. Blood bank records on HBV and HCV potential blood donors who visited the hospital to donate blood were retrieved. Donor demographic details, i.e., age and gender, were also recovered. Donors who were registered to the hospital but were not residents of the Northern Region were excluded from the study. Donors with incomplete records were also excluded from the study. The data was managed using Microsoft Excel spreadsheet 2016 and analysed using GraphPad Prism statistical software. Results. The overall prevalence of asymptomatic viral hepatitis B and C infections in the general adult population was 9.59% (95% CI: 9.00-10.20) and 12.71% (95% CI: 12.00-13.40), respectively, with an HBV/HCV coinfection rate of 2.23% (95% CI: 1.90-2.60). The number of donors generally declined with advancement in years from 2038 (23.68%) since 2013 to as low as 1169 (13.59%) in 2016, except for 2017 where a sharp increase of 1926 (22.38%) was observed. The first and second highest proportions of donors fell within the age categories of 20-29 (51.53% (4434)) and 30-39 (32.90% (2831)) respectively. The seroprevalence rate of HBV, HCV, and HBV/HCV coinfection rates were generally higher among the female group than those observed among the male category. The year-to-year variation in HBV, HCV, and HBV/HCV infections was statistically significant. The highest year-to-year HBV seropositivity rate was 11.48% in the year 2013, while that for HCV and HBV/HCV coinfection was 16.24% and 5.85%, respectively, both documented in the year 2014. HBV and HBV/HCV coinfection rates were highest among donors aged <20 years old, while HCV seroprevalence was highest among donors aged 50-59 years old. Significantly higher odds of HBV/HCV coinfection ( OR = 5.2 ; 95% CI:3.3-8.1) was observed in the 2014 compared to the year 2013. Donors aged <20years were at higher risks of HBV and HBV/HCV coinfection rates compared to the other age groups. Conclusion. The seroprevalence of HBV and HCV among donors in the Saboba District of the Northern Region of Ghana is endemic. The HBV/HCV coinfection rate also raises serious concern owing to its high prevalence rate among the younger age. Intensive public health education coupled with mobile screening and mass vaccination of seronegative individuals is advised so as to help curb further spread of the infection and in effect help safeguard the health status of potential donors in the district.

scholarly journals Seroepidemiology of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infections: A Five-Year Retrospective Study Among Blood Donors in Saboba District in the Northern Region of Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Makija Nlankpe ◽  
Patrick Kwesi Owiafi ◽  
David Adedia ◽  
Jacob Nabei Nignan ◽  
Precious Kwablah Kwadzokpui
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Hcv Coinfection

Abstract Background and Objectives: Chronic hepatitis B and C infections are capable of progressing to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Globally, it has been estimated that over 2 billion and 170 million people are living with hepatitis B and C infections, respectively. Ghana remains one of the highly endemic countries challenged by continues spread of these viral agents in Africa. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and trend of Hepatitis B and C coinfections among blood donors in Saboba District of the Northern Region of Ghana. Methods: A five-year hospital based retrospective study was carried out among 8,605 blood donors comprising 8517 males and 88 females using data on blood donors from Saboba Assemblies of God Hospital located in the Saboba District in the Northern Region of Ghana from 2013 to 2017. Blood bank records on HBV and HCV potential blood donors who visited the hospital to donate blood was retrieved. Donor demographic details, i.e. age and gender were also recovered. Donors who were registered to the hospital but were not residents of the Northern Region were excluded from the study. Donors with incomplete records were also excluded from the study. The data was managed using Microsoft Excel spreadsheet 2016 and analysed using GraphPad Prism statistical software. Results: The overall prevalence of asymptomatic viral hepatitis B and C infection in the general adult population was 9.59% and 12.71%, respectively, with an HBV/HCV coinfection rate of 2.23%. The number of donors generally declined with advancement in years from 2038 (23.68%) since 2013 to as low as 1169 (13.59%) in 2016, except for 2017 where a sharp increase of 1926 (22.38%) was observed. The first and second highest proportions of donors fell within the age categories of 20-29 [51.53% (4434)] and 30-39 [32.90% (2831)]. Seroprevalence rate of HBV, HCV and HBV/HCV coinfection rates were generally higher among the female group than observed among the male category. The year-to-year variation in HBV, HCV and HBV/HCV infection was statistically significant. The highest year-to-year HBV seropositivity rate was 11.48% in the year 2013, while that for HCV and HBV/HCV coinfection was 16.24% and 5.85% respectively both documented in the year 2014. HBV and HBV/HCV coinfection rate was highest among donors aged <20 years old, while HCV seroprevalence was highest among donors aged 50-59 years old. Conclusion: Seroprevalence of HBV and HCV among donors in the Saboba District of the Northern Region of Ghana is endemic. The HBV/HCV coinfections rate also raises serious concern owing to its high prevalence rate among the younger age. Intensive public health education coupled with mobile screening and mass vaccination of seronegative individuals is advised so as to help curb further spread of the infection and in effect help safeguard the health status of potential donors in the district.

scholarly journals Profile of Hepatitis B Sero Markers Among Blood Donors Attending Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto-Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 412-417
Author(s):  
Hussaini Mohammed Alhassan ◽  
Saudetu Haruna Shinkafi ◽  
Ibrahim Yakubu ◽  
Hamisu Abdullahi ◽  
Ahmad Hamidu Marafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Test Component ◽  
Sub Saharan

Introduction: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a double-stranded circular DNA virus, it is one of the major blood transmissible infections. The prevalence of HBV is highest in sub-Saharan Africa and East Asia, where 5-20% of the adult population are infected. In Africa, up to 15 to 60% of the population are positive for at least one of the serological markers of HBV. This study aimed to determine the prevalence markers of HBV among prospective blood donors in Sokoto. Materials/methods: About 170 blood donors were randomly recruited into this research study and 5ml of blood was aseptically collected from each of the research participants, the sample was screened for Hepatitis B virus, using a rapid step-wise HBV-5 panel immunoassay of Combo Cassette Manufactured by Lusys Laboratories Inc U.S.A. The HBV-5 is capable of detecting HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb and HBcAb simultaneously. The test component was opened from the notch, and the device was removed, 2-3 drops (60-90µl) plasma sample was added into the sample wells in the device. The result was read within 15 minutes. Results: The prevalence rates of the markers are HBsAg 8(4.7%), HBeAg 1(0.6%), HBsAb 7(4.1%), HbeAb 8(4.7%), and HBcAb 9(5.3%). Donors aged (20-30) years had the highest prevalence rate of HBV infection compared to other age groups. Male blood donors had higher seropositivity for the five markers than their female counterpart. The prevalence of HBV markers was high among the First time donors (non-vaccinated donors) who have a higher prevalence than other donors (vaccinated donors). Conclusion: This study has shown that screening for HBsAg alone may not be sufficient for the diagnosis of hepatitis B virus infection, and thus other markers should be included in the routine screening.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C among blood donors in Sierra Leone: A multi-year retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 102-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Tognon ◽  
Stephen Sevalie ◽  
Joseph Gassimu ◽  
John Sesay ◽  
Katrina Hann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Blood Donors

scholarly journals Safety of Family Replacement Donors vs. Voluntary Non-Remunerated Donors in Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana: A Comparative Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
O Addai-Mensah ◽  
PA Bashiru ◽  
EE Dogbe
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional

Blood safety remains a challenge to many countries in sub-Saharan Africa including Ghana due to poorly planned blood donation exercises in the various communities. Blood and its products usual-ly come from two main sources; voluntary non-remunerated donors (VNRD) and family replace-ment donors (FRD). In Ghana, and in many developing countries, FRDs seem to be the major source of blood supply whilst in developed countries VNRDs are the major source. This study de-termined and compared the prevalence of four transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs); HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Treponema palladium (TP) among FRDs and VNRDs at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital to compare the safety of blood from these two groups. This cross-sectional study was undertaken at the transfusion medicine unit (TMU) of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital between March and May 2014. A total of 400 blood donors (200 FRDs and 200 VNRDs) were enrolled in this study after obtaining written informed consent. Blood samples from each of the donors were then tested for HIV, hepatitis B and C, and syphilis using rapid test kits. ABO and Rhesus blood groups were also determined for all the samples. Prev-alence of TTIs was higher among FRDs (23.5%) than in VNRDs (3.5%) with males (47) been more infected than females (7). Age group 21- 30 years was the most infected, followed by age groups 31- 40 years, 11- 20 years, 41- 50 years and 51- 60 years respectively. FRDs among the younger age group, 17- 30 years, were also more infected than their VNRD counterparts. Repeat blood donors among the VNRD group, were found to be safer than their first-time counterparts. Overall, TTIs were significantly higher in the FRD group than in the VNRD group. The prevalence rates of all the infections tested were higher in the FRD group compared to the VNRD group. FRDs were the higher risk population for TTIs in comparison to VNRDs. VNRDs should therefore be encouraged to donate blood regularly.Keywords: Transfusion Transmissible Infections, HBsAg, HCV, HIV, Treponema pallidum

The seroprevalence of HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and venereal disease research laboratory test seropositivity in blood donors: a 5-year retrospective comparative study at tertiary care hospital in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2662
Author(s):  
Khaneta Parveen ◽  
Abdul Faheem Khan ◽  
Abdul Salim Khan
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Retrospective Comparative Study

Background: The high seroprevalence of transfusion-transmitted infectious (TTI) diseases such as HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and syphilis in India affects the safety of blood for recipients. This study was undertaken with the aim to screen the blood donor’s demographic profile and to estimate seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and VDRL transmissible by blood transfusion in voluntary and replacement male and female blood donors during the last 5 year period.Methods: The present study was conducted over a period of 5 years (2001-2005) and involved 1,53,020 blood donors including both (voluntary, replacement males and females) who were thoroughly screened and selected for blood donation in blood bank at Departments of Pathology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.Results: Total five years seropositivity for all four disease marker in all blood donors was 9150 (5.97%). The incidence of HIV seropositivity was 1995 (1.30%), the seroprevalence of HBV in total blood donor was 4673 (3.05%), HCV consist of 1599 (1.04%), and VDRL seropositivity was least, i.e. 883 (0.57%). Out of total 9150 (5.97%) seropositive blood donors, 24 (0.26%) blood donors showed concomitant seropositivity for more than one of the blood transmissible diseases.Conclusions: Seroprevalence rate of all the four blood transmissible diseases was higher in replacement donors, and lower in voluntary group of donors. Therefore, it has been evaluated that the voluntary blood donation is safer and promoted for safe blood donation in comparison to replacement blood donation.

scholarly journals Trends of T. cruzi infection based on data from blood bank screening

1990 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Zicker ◽  
Celina Maria Turchi Martelli ◽  
Ana Lucia Sampaio Sgambatti de Andrade ◽  
Simonne Almeida e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Banks ◽  
First Time ◽  
Cruzi Infection

Between October 1988 and April 1989 a cross-sectional survey was carried out in six out of eight blood banks of Goiânia, Central Brazil. Subjects attending for first-time blood donation in the mornings of the study period (n = 1358) were interviewed and screened for T. cruzi infection as a part of a major study among blood donors. Tests to anti-T. cruzi antibodies were performed, simultaneously, by indirect hem agglutination test (IHA) and complement fixation test (CFT). A subject was considered seropositive when any one of the two tests showed a positive result. Information on age, sex, place of birth, migration and socio-economic level was recorded. Results from this survey were compared with seroprevalence rates obtained in previous studies in an attempt to analyse trend of T. cruzi infection in an endemic urban area. The overall seroprevalence of T. cruzi infection among first-time donors was found to be 3.5% (95% confidence interval 2.5%-4.5% ). The seroprevalence rate increased with age up to 45 years and then decreased. Migrants from rural areas had higher seroprevalence rates than subjects from urban counties (1.8%-16.2% vs. 0%-3.6%). A four fold decrease in prevalence rates was observed when these rates were compared with those of fifteen years ago. Two possible hypotheses to explain this difference were suggested: 1. a cohort effect related with the decrease of transmission in rural areas and/or 2. a differential proportion of people of rural origin among blood donors between the two periods. The potential usefulness of blood banks as a source of epidemiological information to monitor trends of T. cruzi infection in an urban adult population was stressed.

scholarly journals Sero-prevalence of transfusion transmittable infections: HIV, Hepatitis B, C and Treponema pallidum and associated factors among blood donors in Ethiopia: A retrospective study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. e0241086
Author(s):  
Saro Abdella ◽  
Tezera Moshago Berheto ◽  
Getachew Tolera ◽  
Wudinesh Belete ◽  
Tekalign Deressa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Treponema Pallidum

scholarly journals Surveying children and adult vaccination program against diphtheria, tetanus, measles and viral hepatitis B in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 779-786
Author(s):  
N. P. Galina ◽  
A. Ya. Mindlina ◽  
R. V. Polibin
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
The Russian Federation

Over the last years, incidence of vaccine-preventable infections tended to increase both in Russia and multiple European countries due to diverse reasons, including loss of alertness in medical workers to ensure proper quality of immunization. Currently, vaccination is considered to be the most efficient means for preventing infectious diseases. However, vaccination efficacy is directly related to population coverage and proper timeframe for its application.Materials and methods. Diphtheria, tetanus, measles and hepatitis B vaccination coverage and timeframe were analyzed for population of Russia, Moscow as well as the three pediatric and adult out-patient hospitals.Results. It was found that compared to adults, pediatric subjects were vaccinated better. However, in case of 95% or higher coverage against all infections, shortcomings in vaccination timeframe were uncovered. In 2017, despite pediatric subjects should be vaccinated against diphtheria and tetanus at the age of 3-to-6 months, coverage was as low as 46.9% in Russia, 48.7% in Moscow that ranged in some polyclinics from 21.8% in 2012 down to 1.7% in 2017. Moreover, this situation was even more unfavorable in case of revaccination program. In particular, it was found that at the age of 18 months only 50, 54, and 49–55% underwent revaccination in the Russia, Moscow 54%, and some out-patient hospitals, whereas at the age of 7–14 years in Russia there were revaccinated up to 97% population. Likewise, at the age of 6 months there were covered with vaccination against hepatitis B as few as 49% population in Russia and Moscow, whereas more than 90% coverage was achieved only at the age of 1 year. Immunization coverage reaching more than 85% of adult population against hepatitis B is superior to diphtheria and tetanus. Immunization coverage against measles in Russia at all age groups was over 90% population. Thus, it is necessary to optimize activities on adhering to vaccination timeframe, as decline in quality of vaccination inevitably leads to elevated incidence rate of vaccine-preventable infections. This and vaccination coverage might be adjusted by introducing a Preventive Vaccination Surveillance and Reporting Automated System in the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of hepatitis B infections among blood donors in Bijapur district Karnataka - Retrospective study

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Prakash Murigeppa Patil ◽  
Vijaylaxmi. S. Patil ◽  
Balasaheb R. Yelikar ◽  
Mihir J. Bhalodia ◽  
Muttappa R. Gudadinni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Hbsag Positivity ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Significant Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Public Health

Objectives: To determine the seroprevalence of HBsAg in the prevalence of HBsAg positivity  among male and female blood donors. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in blood bank. Voluntary and replacement blood donors including male and female donors over a period of two years six month to assess the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection. ELISA method and alternatively Hepacard kit were used for screening the donors.   Results: A retrospective study was carried on 7,018 blood donors out of which males were 5,936  and 1,082 were females. The prevalence of HBsAg sero positivity in 2011 July to December in male donors were 2.8%; in  female donors 0.0%; 2012 January to December in male donors were  2.9% and female donors were 0.3%;  2013  January to December in male donors were 1.8% and Female donors were  0.0% . Overall prevalence was estimated to be 7.8%. Conclusion:  Hepatitis B infection remains a significant public health problem in India and its seroprevalence was more as compared to other transfusion transmitted infections, especially in younger age group. The increasing prevalence of HBsAg can be reduced by more sensitive screening assays.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i3.10862Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(3) 2015 12-15  

scholarly journals Prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus seropositivity among tribal and non-tribal voluntary blood donors of Rangamati, Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
G Dewan
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Tribal Population ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Tribal Health

INTRODUCTION: Prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus seropositivity is not defined among blood donors of Rangamati district of Bangladesh. This region is mainly inhabited by tribal population of multiethnic stocks. Government policy formulation for tribal health is lacking data on this issue among tribal population of Bangladesh. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study on eight years data from 2005 to 2013 carried out to define hepatitis B and C virus related seropositivity among tribal and non-tribal voluntary blood donors in Rangamati General Hospital. RESULTS: A total of 4974 unit of blood were screened during this period. Of them 2760 unit were from tribal and 2214 unit from non-tribal donors. Result shows there is higher prevalence of hepatitis B seropositivity among tribal donors («=100) compared to non-tribal (n =26). The prevalence rate for hepatitis B virus was 3.62% for tribal population and 1.17% for non-tribal population. This difference was statistically significant (p< 0.0001). Hepatitis C seropositivity was low in both groups. CONCLUSION: In Rangamati tribal population bear significantly higher burden of hepatitis B infection than non-tribal population. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v1i4.9571 Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2013) Vol.1 No.04: 33-36

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