scholarly journals Study on the Effects of Chinese Materia Medica Processing on the Hypoglycemic Activity and Chemical Composition of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ying-Qi Yu ◽  
Li Yan ◽  
Xiao-Ting Wang ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Wei Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Hypoglycemic Activity ◽  
Hypoglycemic Effect ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Column Temperature

Purpose. To compare the hypoglycemic effects of different extracts of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (AR) before and after being stir-baked with salt water on the diabetic mice and to detect the contents of 8 components in the corresponding active parts simultaneously using the UPLC-MS method, in order to screen the better extracts for diabetes and to clear the material basis for enhancing hypoglycemic activity of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma stir-baked with salt water (SAR). Methods. Taking spontaneous type II diabetic db/db mice as models and fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), glycated hemoglobin or glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc), serum resistin (RESISTEIN), fasting insulin (FINS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) as indicators, the hypoglycemic effects of different active parts of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma were evaluated. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters BEH C18 (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) column using acetonitrile (B) and 0.1% formic acid in water (A) as mobile phases, and the flow rate was 0.3 ml/min. The column temperature was set as 28°C, and the injection volume was 10 μL. A mass spectrometer was connected to the UPLC system via an electrospray ionization (ESI) interface. Full-scan data acquisition was performed in the negative ion mode. Result. In the study of pharmacodynamics, the hypoglycemic effect of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma stir-baked with salt water is better than that of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and the hypoglycemic effect of ethanol extract of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma is more remarkable than that of the decoction. The measured components all have a good linear relationship within their respective linear ranges (r ≥ 0.9990); the average recovery rates are 98.86%–100.69%, RSD <2.90%. Compared with the raw Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, the contents of Timosaponin AIII, Timosaponin BII, Timosaponin BIII, Anemarrhenasaponin I, Anemarrhenasaponin Ia, and Mangiferin of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma stir-baked with salt water are all higher, the changes of Timosaponin AI and Anemarrhenasaponin AII are not obvious, and all the contents of chemical composition in the ethanol extract of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Anemarrhenae Rhizoma stir-baked with salt water were obviously higher compared with the water decoction. Conclusion. The processing method, stir-baking with salt water, can increase the contents of active compositions in Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and strengthen the hypoglycemic effect. The ethanol extract of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma stir-baked with salt water is the better active site.

Combined effect of cigarette smoking and prediabetes on structural and functional changes of large arteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Ioakeimidis ◽  
I Dima ◽  
D Terentes-Printzios ◽  
C Georgakopoulos ◽  
A Angelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Large Arteries

Abstract Purpose Smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and prediabetes is associated with excess risks for adverse cardiovascular outcomes and death. Aim of this study was to explore whether smoking and prediabetes exert a synergistic unfavourable effect on functional and structural parameters of large arteries. Methods We measured carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), augmentation index (AIx) and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) in 407 individuals without known atherosclerotic disease (mean age: 52±8 years) categorized into four age-matched groups according to glucose metabolic and smoking status: Smokers with diabetes (n=68), Smokers with prediabetes (n=87), Non-smokers with prediabetes (n=98) and Non- smokers with normal fasting blood glucose (FBG) (n=154). Prediabetes was defined as impaired fasting glucose (100–125 mg/dL), impaired glucose tolerance (2-hour glucose level of 140–199 mg/dL during an oral glucose tolerance test), or glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of 5.7% to 6.4%. High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was measured in all patients. Results Systolic pressure, pulse pressure were increased and hsCRP levels were higher in smokers with diabetes compared to the three other groups (overall P&lt;0.05, P&lt;0.01 and P&lt;0.05, respectively, ANOVA). The cumulative tobacco exposure (measured in pack-years) was similar between smokers with diabetes and smokers with prediabetes (45 pack-years). Figure 1 shows cfPWV, AIx and cIMT of the four groups. Interestingly, smokers with diabetes and smokers with prediabetes have similar mean cfPWV and cIMT and significantly higher values compared to non-smokers with prediabetes and non-smokers with normal FBG. The associations remained statistically significant even after adjusting for systolic pressure and hsCRP level. AIx was not different between the four study groups. Conclusion The combination of prediabetes and smoking is associated with higher cfPWV and cIMT values compared to prediabetes alone. The smokers with impaired glucose regulation have functional and structural alterations of large arteries similar to that of smokers with established diabetes. Considering the risk for developing prediabetes in relation to smoking status and the number of cigarettes smoked daily and the independent predictive value of assessing vascular changes in large arteries, the present findings may have important clinical and prognostic implications. Figure 1. Smoking, prediabetes and vascular changes Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals Comparing hypoglycemic activity of novel GPR119 agonist and DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Nikolaevich Tyurenkov ◽  
Denis Vladimirovich Kurkin ◽  
Dmitry Aleksandrovich Bakulin ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Volotova ◽  
Mikhail Ayratovich Chafeev
Keyword(s):  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Hypoglycemic Activity ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Hypoglycemic Effect ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Gpr119 Agonist

Hypoglycemic drugs affecting the incretin system increasingly becoming popular because of its high safety and efficacy. The regulation of the secretion of endogenous incretin involves a number of receptors on the enteroendocrine cells, among which the most promising is GPR119. After activation it increases the incretins secretion and glucose-dependent insulin secretion, that is important from the point of view of effective control of postprandial glucose levels with minimal risk of hypoglycemia.Aims.To conduct a comparative study of hypoglycemic activity of DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin) and novel GPR119 agonist receptor — compound ZB-16 in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Material and methods.The hypoglycemic effect of ZB-16 (0.1 and 1 mg/kg per os) and sitagliptin (10 mg/kg per os) was studied during 4-week administration in 50 adult female rats (6 months, 240—260 g) with streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced T2DM. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed on the 14th and 28th day after the start of treatment.Results.Animals receiving compound ZB-16 at a dose of 1 mg/kg by the end of treatment there have a significant reduction in fasting glucose as compared with the control group (7.9±0.43 and 0.54±9,6 mmol/l, respectively). During the OGTT on day 28 of treatment compound ZB-16 improves the rate of glucose utilization, reducing «peak» of growth glycemia (15,7±0,88 versus 21,6±1,06 mmol/L) and area under the curve «glucose concentration-time» (to 25%) compared with the control group during the OGTT.Conclusions.Novel GPR119 agonist — ZB-16 (1 mg/kg) has a clear hypoglycemic effect comparable to that of sitagliptin in rats with streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced T2DM.

scholarly journals The optimization of ultrasonic-microwave assisted synergistic extraction of Lotus plumule extract rich in flavonoids and its hypoglycemic activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuzhe Li ◽  
Xiaoqing Li ◽  
Baodong Zheng ◽  
Chao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hypoglycemic Activity ◽  
Synergistic Extraction ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Microwave Assisted

AbstractLotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn), a kind of perennial aquatic plant, is widely cultivated and consumed by people in Asian countries. Lotus plumule flavonoids (LPF) have been recognized as a hypoglycemic agent. LPF was optimally obtained using novel ultrasonic-microwave assisted synergistic extraction (UMSE) method by response surface methodology (RSM) on the basis of the results of single-factor experiments. Furthermore, the hypoglycemic activity of LPF was investigated by measuring the body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and analyzing the physiological indexes in streptozotocin-diabetic mice model. The optimum extraction conditions consisted of microwave power 355 W, ultrasonic power 423 W, extraction time 15 min, solid-liquid ratio 1:40, ultrasound/interval time 1/0, and ethanol concentration 70% with the maximum LPF yield of 2.62%. LPF supplementation significantly decreased the body weight, FBG, OGTT, serum total cholesterol (TC), serum total triglycerides (TG), and insulin levels, indicating the antidiabetic activity of LPF. This research verified that the UMSE technique was highly efficient to extract LPF to the maximum extent and the flavonoids from L. plumule exhibited hypoglycemic activity, which showed broad development and application prospects.

scholarly journals Sex differences in glucose metabolism of streptozotocin-induced diabetes inbred mice (C57BL/6J)

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyoung Kim ◽  
Yoo Yeon Kim ◽  
Phuong Thi-Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Hajin Nam ◽  
Jun Gyo Suh
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Inbred Mice ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Female Mice

Abstract Considering that sex differences in glucose metabolism are observed in mice, researchers unconsciously use male mice to reduce variations by an estrogen cycle in female mice. In this study, we investigated the sex differences in glucose homeostasis in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes inbred mice (C57BL/6J). The C57BL/6J male and female mice were injected with or without STZ (40 mg/kg) for 5 consecutive days. Levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), lipid profiles, oral glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance were measured at 3 and 6 weeks after STZ treatment. The FBG level in the STZ-induced male (M-STZ) group was significantly higher than that in the STZ-induced female (F-STZ) group during the entire experimental period. Furthermore, HbA1C and glucose tolerance levels in the M-STZ group were significantly higher than those in the F-STZ group at 3 and 6 weeks after STZ treatment. The glucagon/insulin ratio in the M-STZ group was significantly higher than that in the F-STZ group. Values of the homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance, an indicator of β-cell function and insulin resistance, significantly increased in both the M-STZ and F-STZ groups at 3 weeks after STZ treatment. However, insulin resistance was observed in the M-STZ group, but not in the F-STZ group, at 6 weeks after STZ treatment. Taken together, our results indicate that glucose metabolism in the M-STZ group was worse than that in the F-STZ group, indicating that estrogen may have an important role in glucose metabolism by STZ treatment.

scholarly journals High serum Fetuin-B levels are associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome in women: a case-controlled study and interventional studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyao Xue ◽  
Yuqian Ren ◽  
Mengliu Yang ◽  
Bin Zhan ◽  
Gangyi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Visceral Adiposity Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Healthy Women

Abstract Background: Previous studies have investigated circulating fetuin-B and its association with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the variation and regulatory factors of serum fetuin-B levels in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) have not been explained. This study evaluated circulating fetuin-B concentrations in newly diagnosed individuals with MetS and analyzed the impacts of blood glucose, insulin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) treatment on circulating fetuin-B in vivo.Methods: A total of 377 women (192 MetS and 185 healthy subjects) were recruited for cross-sectional study. The euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were implemented in healthy women and those with MetS. Serum fetuin-B were examined by an ELISA kit. For the GLP-1RA intervention experiment, twenty-four women with MetS were treated with Liraglutide for 6 months. Results: Serum fetuin-B levels were markedly higher in women with MetS as compared to healthy women. Circulating fetuin-B reflected a positive correlation with body mass index, waist hip ratio (WHR), the percentage of fat in vivo (FAT%), triglyceride, fasting blood glucose, 2-hour blood glucose after glucose overload, glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting plasma insulin, 2-hour plasma insulin after glucose overload, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), visceral adiposity index (VAI), and lipid accumulation product (LAP). Multivariate linear regression analyses demonstrated that triglyceride and WHR were independently related factors of serum fetuin-B. Serum fetuin-B levels were related to MetS by binary logistic regression analysis. In fact, serum fetuin-B was markedly elevated in healthy women after glucose loading and in MetS women during the EHC. After six months of GLP-1RA intervention, serum fetuin-B levels in MetS subjects decreased following improvement of metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Conclusions: Serum fetuin-B levels were associated with MetS and its components and regulated by glucose and insulin. GLP-1RA treatment can reduce serum fetuin-B levels in women with MetS. Clinical Trial Registration Number: ChiCTR-OCS-13003185. Registered 02/01 2016, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=6374

scholarly journals Anti-diabetic effect of the polyphenol-rich extract from Tadehagi triquetrum in diabetic mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowan Lin ◽  
Xinxin Zhou ◽  
Wanying Sun ◽  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Caiyun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Pyruvate Kinase ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Oral Glucose

Purpose: To clarify the diabetes-reducing abilities of the polyphenol-rich extract from Tadehagi triquetrum (HC) in diabetic ob/ob mice.Methods: Aerial parts of T. triquetrum were extracted under reflux and partitioned by n-butanol to generate HC. The effects of HC consumption on blood glucose and lipids, insulin resistance, and liver glucose metabolism were evaluated in vivo. The main compounds of HC were tested for their effects on stimulating glucose consumption and uptake by HepG2 hepatocytes and C2C12 myotubes.Results: After HC treatment, body fat, subcutaneous fat, and epidydimal fat masses decreased (p <0.05), while mean daily food intake was  unaffected. HC (200–400 mg/kg) decreased fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein (GSP), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc); it also lowered hyperinsulinemia, improved oral glucose tolerance, and reduced hyperlipidemia and liver fat content (p < 0.05). HC treatment markedly elevated liver glycogen content and activity of hepatic glucokinase and pyruvate kinase (p < 0.05). Eight polyphenols were isolated from HC, six of which potently stimulated glucose consumption and uptake in vivo.Conclusion: HC has potent antidiabetic activities. Polyphenols are the main compounds accounting for these effects. Chronic oral administration of HC may be an alternative therapy for managing diabetes, but this has to be subjected first to clinical studies. Keywords: Tadehagi triquetrum, Diabetes, Phenylpropanoid glucosides, Pyruvate kinase, Glucokinase

scholarly journals Effect of Ethanol Extract of Jamblang Aceh (Syzygium cumini) in Diabetic Mice (Mus musculus) and Its Potential As Anti-Diabetic Agent

Elkawnie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Ayu  Nirmala Sari ◽  
Januardi Januardi ◽  
Diky Setya Diningrat
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Abstract : This study was designed to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of the ethanol extract of Syzygium cumini leaves in alloxan-induced diabetes mice. The anti-diabetic activity of EDS was investigated in mice (Mus musculus SW.) Alloxan-induced diabetes. The effect of ethanol extract of Syzygium cumini leaves on normal blood glucose levels and oral glucose tolerance tests were studied in normoglycemic mice while the anti-diabetic effect was evaluated in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice. Ethanol extract of Syzygium cumini leaves (200 and 400 mg/kg) is given orally for 21 days. Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg, oral for 21 days) is used as a reference standard. Giving ethanol extract of Syzygium leaves causes a significant decrease in blood glucose levels in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic mice and also increases glucose tolerance test. Ethanol extract of Syzygium leaves reduces glycosylated hemoglobin levels, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine kinase in alloxan-treated mice. Ethanol extract of Syzygium leaves also improves TBARS oxidative stress parameters, catalase and superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione levels. The ethanol extract of Syzygium cumini leaves shows anti-diabetic activity through increased insulin secretion and this effect can be attributed to the content of flavonoids and phenolic compounds present in the ethanol extract of Syzygium cumini leaves.Abstrak : Penelitian ini dirancang untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas anti-diabetes dari ekstrak etanol daun Syzygium cumini (L) Skeels (EDS) pada mencit diabetes yang diinduksi aloksan. Aktivitas anti-diabetes EDS diselidiki pada mencit (Mus musculus SW.) diabetes yang diinduksi aloksan. Pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun Syzygium cumini (EDS) pada kadar glukosa darah normal dan uji toleransi glukosa oral dipelajari pada mencit normoglikemik sedangkan efek antidiabetik dievaluasi pada mencit hiperglikemik yang diinduksi aloksan. EDS (200 dan 400 mg/kg) diberikan secara oral selama 21 hari. Glibenclamide (5mg/kg, oral selama 21 hari) digunakan sebagai standar referensi. Pemberian EDS menyebabkan penurunan signifikan dalam kadar glukosa darah pada mencit normoglikemik dan hiperglikemik dan juga meningkatkan uji toleransi glukosa. EDS mengurangi kadar hemoglobin glikosilasi, laktat dehidrogenase, dan kreatinin kinase pada mencit yang diberi aloksan. EDS juga memperbaiki parameter stres oksidatif TBARS, aktivitas katalase dan superoksida dismutase dan kadar glutathione. Ekstrak etanol daun Syzygium cumini (EDS) menunjukkan aktivitas antidiabetik melalui peningkatan sekresi insulin dan efek ini dapat dikaitkan dengan kandungan flavonoid dan senyawa fenolik yang ada dalam ekstrak daun.

scholarly journals Alternanthera sessilisRed Ethyl Acetate Fraction Exhibits Antidiabetic Potential on Obese Type 2 Diabetic Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kok Keong Tan ◽  
Kah Hwi Kim
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Level ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Alternanthera Sessilis ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

The antidiabetic potential ofAlternanthera sessilisRed was investigated using the obese type 2 diabetic rats induced by high fat diet and streptozotocin. Three fractions (hexane, ethyl acetate, and water) were obtained from the crude ethanol extract ofAlternanthera sessilisRed.Alternanthera sessilisRed ethyl acetate fraction (ASEAF) was found to possess the most potent antihyperglycemic effect through oral glucose tolerance test. The ASEAF was subsequently given to the diabetic rats for two weeks. It was found that two-week administration of ASEAF reduces the fasting blood glucose level, triglyceride level, and free fatty acid level of the rats. ASEAF-treated diabetic rats showed higher pancreatic insulin content and pancreatic total superoxide dismutase activity compared to the untreated diabetic rats. Also, the insulin sensitivity indexes suggested that ASEAF ameliorates the insulin resistant state of the diabetic rats. In conclusion, ASEAF could be developed into a potential antidiabetic agent for the management of type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals HYPOGLYCEMIC ACTIVITY OF ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION COMBINATION OF MORINDA FRUIT AND CINNAMON BARK USING GLUCOSE-INDUCED IN MICE

2021 ◽  
pp. 162-166
Author(s):  
IDA MUSFIROH ◽  
NURFADILAH YUSUF ◽  
MOELYONO MOEKTIWARDOYO
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Hypoglycemic Activity ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Hypoglycemic Effect ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Cinnamon Bark

Objective: Noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia L) and cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmannii) are plants that have the hypoglycemic effect on their ethyl acetate fraction in the single dose. This study was to determine the hypoglycemic activity of the combination of ethyl acetate fraction (FEM) and cinnamon bark (FEC) in glucose-induced mice, as well as the dose of the combination of FEM and FEC which could have a hypoglycemic effect. Methods: The methods were including extraction using liquid-liquid extraction, identification by TLC, and assay of hypoglycemic activity in mice induced by oral glucose for a moment in the eight groups that were normal control, negative control, positive control, dose 1-5. The activity tests were performed at 30th, 60th, 90th and 120th of minutes. Results: The research showed that the yield of FEM and FEC were 5.25% and 8.05%. Identification of compounds by TLC showed that the FEM and FEC were 4 and 3 spots. The results of a hypoglycemic test showed that the combination of FEM and FEC on glucose-induced mice showed a decreased effect of mice blood glucose levels better than a single dose of these fractions. Conclusion: The hypoglycemic activity test at a combined dose of FEM 175 mg/kg BW and FEC 150 mg/Kg BW have provided hypoglycemic activity better compared to other dose groups with a percentage decrease in average relative blood glucose at the 30th, 60th, 90th, 120th minute were 29.57%, 44.94%, 43.40% and 40.55%, respectively. Thus, the combination of the FEM and FEC in glucose-induced mice gave a hypoglycemic effect in mice.

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