scholarly journals Different Appearance of Chest CT Images of T2DM and NDM Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia Based on an Artificial Intelligent Quantitative Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Shan Lu ◽  
Zhiheng Xing ◽  
Shiyu Zhao ◽  
Xianglu Meng ◽  
Juhong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Ground Glass ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

COVID-19 is a kind of pneumonia with new coronavirus infection, and the risk of death in COVID-19 patients with diabetes is four times higher than that in healthy people. It is unclear whether there is a difference in chest CT images between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-diabetes mellitus (NDM) COVID-19 patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in chest CT images between T2DM and NDM patients with COVID-19 based on a quantitative method of artificial intelligence. A total of 62 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were retrospectively enrolled and divided into group A (T2DM COVID-19 pneumonia group, n = 15) and group B (NDM COVID-19 pneumonia group, n = 47). The clinical and laboratory examination information of the two groups was collected. Quantitative features (volume of consolidation shadows and ground glass shadows, proportion of consolidation shadow (or ground glass shadow) to lobe volume, total volume, total proportion, and number) of chest spiral CT images were extracted using Dr. Wise @Pneumonia software. The results showed that among the 26 CT image features, the total volume and proportion of bilateral pulmonary consolidation shadow in group A were larger than those in group B ( P = 0.031 and 0.019, respectively); there was no significant difference in the total volume and proportion of bilateral pulmonary ground glass density shadow between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ). In group A, the blood glucose level was correlated with the volume of consolidation shadow and the proportion of consolidation shadow to right middle lobe volume, and higher than those patients in group B. In conclusion, the inflammatory exudation in the lung of COVID-19 patients with diabetes is more serious than that of patients without diabetes based on the quantitative method of artificial intelligence. Moreover, the blood glucose level is positively correlated with pulmonary inflammatory exudation in COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals Clinical appraisal of Lodhradi Kashaya on type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Varun K. Singh ◽  
K. R. C. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Lodhradi Kashaya (LKSD) is basically ayurvedic kwath dosage form, described as Madhumehajeet (winner of diabetes mellitus) in ayurvedic classics Basavarajeeyam and the same formulation in Vaidya Chintamani and Charaka Samhita too. The aim of this study was to assess prospectively the drug’s ability in management of type 2 diabetes. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Total 31 patients were taken following the guideline mention in CCRAS protocol for diabetes mellitus research. They are divided into two groups, group A and B, given LKSD 4 g &amp; 2 g TDS respectively for three-month follow up. They are investigated against their blood glucose, HbA1C and liver profile tests. Patients were also investigated for subjective parameters viz polyurea, polyphagia, exhaustion and constipation and their response has also been noted regarding palatability acceptance and ease of administration.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Patients has responded positively for formulation. Decrease in FBS and PPBS were found highly significant (P ˂ 0.001) in both groups but more in higher dose (group A). Decrease in HbA1C is also found highly significant in both groups. In LFT, SGOT level were also decreased more in group B in comparison to group A, and it is significant (P = 0.017 and 0.002). SGPT level were also decreased more in group B in comparison to group A, and it is significant in group B (P= 0.085 and 0.002).  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> LKSD is having astringent taste due to tannins and phenols in it. It was found significant not only in controlling blood sugar but also in management of other factors related to diabetes mellitus.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on Hearing

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-124
Author(s):  
Uzzal Chandra Ghosh ◽  
Md Abu Yusuf Fakir ◽  
Husne Qumer Osmany ◽  
Dipankar Lodh ◽  
Md Zahirul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Analysis Group ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Relative Deficiency ◽  
And Control

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic systemic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to absolute or relative deficiency of insulin and affects several systems including hearing. It was evidenced that hearing loss is twice as common in people with diabetes in comparison to other non-diabetic individuals. Although there is no epidemiological information are available in Bangladesh, but it can assume that the number would not be less. Methods: This study was a hospital based case-control study conducted at department of ENT & department of Endocrinology for 1.5 year following approval of the protocol. Total 110 people (55 cases and 55 controls) were selected and analysed in this study. All the patients were divided into two groups: Group A (all patients with Diabetes) and Group B (persons without diabetes). For analysis group A were considered as case and group B were as control. Written informed consent was taken from all case and control subjects. A detailed history taking including hearing loss, duration, onset, associated symptoms & diabetes duration, treatment were obtained from the subject. A detailed ENT examination including otoscopic examination and tuning fork test were also conducted for each patient. Moreover, audiometric assessment-PTA, blood investigation-RBS, HbA1C, & renal parameters like blood urea & serum creatinine were tested in each cases. Data analysis was done in the statistical program Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16.0. Results: Out of total 55 patients in each group, mean age of Diabetic and non-diabetic were 46.78±8.02 SD and 46.72±8.09 SD (years) with slight female predominance (45.5% vs 54.5% in diabetic group and 49.1% vs 50.9% in non-diabetic group). Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; October 2019; 25(2): 116-124

scholarly journals Impact of Use Frequency of a Mobile Diabetes Management App on Blood Glucose Control: Evaluation Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Vehi ◽  
Jordi Regincós Isern ◽  
Adrià Parcerisas ◽  
Remei Calm ◽  
Ivan Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Group A ◽  
Control Evaluation ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Technology has long been used to carry out self-management as well as to improve adherence to treatment in people with diabetes. However, most technology-based apps do not meet the basic requirements for engaging patients. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of use frequency of a diabetes management app on glycemic control. METHODS Overall, 2 analyses were performed. The first consisted of an examination of the reduction of blood glucose (BG) mean, using a randomly selected group of 211 users of the SocialDiabetes app (SDA). BG levels at baseline, month 3, and month 6 were calculated using the intercept of a regression model based on data from months 1, 4, and 7, respectively. In the second analysis, the impact of low and high BG risk was examined. A total of 2692 users logging SDA ≥5 days/month for ≥6 months were analyzed. The highest quartile regarding low blood glucose index (LBGI) and high blood glucose index (HBGI) at baseline (t1) was selected (n=74 for group A; n=440 for group B). Changes in HBGI and LBGI at month 6 (t2) were analyzed. RESULTS For analysis 1, baseline BG results for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) groups A and B were 213.61 (SD 31.57) mg/dL and 206.43 (SD 18.65) mg/dL, respectively, which decreased at month 6 to 175.15 (SD 37.88) mg/dL and 180.6 (SD 40.47) mg/dL, respectively. For type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), baseline BG was 218.77 (SD 40.18) mg/dL and 232.55 (SD 46.78) mg/dL, respectively, which decreased at month 6 to 160.51 (SD 39.32) mg/dL and 173.14 (SD 52.81) mg/dL for groups A and B, respectively. This represents a reduction of estimated A1c (eA1c) of approximately 1.3% (P<.001) and 0.9% (P=.001) for T1DM groups A and B, respectively, and 2% (P<.001) for both A and B T2DM groups, respectively. For analysis 2, T1DM baseline LBGI values for groups A and B were 5.2 (SD 3.9) and 4.4 (SD 2.3), respectively, which decreased at t2 to 3.4 (SD 3.3) and 3.4 (SD 1.9), respectively; this was a reduction of 34.6% (P=.005) and 22.7% (P=.02), respectively. Baseline HBGI values for groups A and B were 12.6 (SD 4.3) and 10.6 (SD 4.03), respectively, which decreased at t2 to 9.0 (SD 6.5) and 8.6 (SD 4.7), respectively; this was a reduction of 30% (P=.001) and 22% (P=.003), respectively. CONCLUSIONS A significant reduction in BG was found in all groups, independent of the use frequency of the app. Better outcomes were found for T2DM patients. A significant reduction in LBGI and HBGI was found in all groups, regardless of the use frequency of the app. LBGI and HBGI indices of both groups tend to have similar values after 6 months of app use.

scholarly journals Oral Hypoglycemic Glibenclamide: Can it be a Substitute to Insulin in the Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus? A Comparative Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Partha Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Tara Sankar Bag ◽  
Amit Kyal ◽  
Dipta Prasun Saha ◽  
Noori Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACT Introduction Gestational diabetes is a common medical disorder in pregnancy. So long, it has been usually treated by insulin. Now it has been found that oral glibenclamide can be used instead of insulin with similar glycemic control and without any adverse maternal and fetal effect. Methods A comparative study between oral glibenclamide and insulin for the management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was conducted. It was a prospective randomized study and patients attending the antenatal clinic were screened with 75 gm oral glucose between 20 to 28 weeks and GDM was diagnosed based on WHO criteria of 2 hours blood glucose ≥140 mg/dl. Women with gestational diabetes were given medical nutritional therapy (MNT) for 2 weeks. Out of this, 60 women did not achieve the target blood glucose. The goal of treatment was maintenance of mean plasma glucose (MPG) of about 105 mg%. For this the fasting plasma glucose should be around 90 mg/dl and postprandial peaks around 120 mg/dl. Patients were randomly assigned to receive glibenclamide (group A, n = 30) or insulin (group B, n = 30). In group A, glibenclamide was given 2.5 mg orally in morning and doses were increased weekly by 2.5 mg up to a maximum of 20 mg and doses >7.5 mg were given in two divided doses. In group B, insulin 0.7 units per kilogram of body weight at admission was given subcutaneously three times daily and increased weekly as necessary. Self monitoring of blood glucose with glucometer was done. Blood glucose was also measured from the laboratory every week. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured before initiation of therapy and repeated in the third trimester before confinement. Terminations of pregnancy in both the groups were done between 37 and 38 weeks. The infant birth weight, blood glucose and serum bilirubin were also recorded in all cases. Results The present study showed that the two groups had similar glycemic status (fasting blood sugar in group A was 103.5 ± 14.62 mg/dl and postprandial blood sugar was 184.1 ± 20.46 mg/dl whereas in group B it was109.3 ± 19.63 mg/dl and 194.3 ± 18.47mg/dl) at the time of entry into the study. The two groups also showed similar levels of glycemic control just before confinement (fasting blood sugar in group A was 88.23 ± 6.55 mg/ dl and postprandial blood sugar was 122.7 ± 10.3 mg/dl whereas in group B it was 88.17 ± mg/dl and 128 ± 12.38 mg/dl) and there was no significant statistical difference in the two groups (p > 0.05). The perinatal outcomes in both the groups were also nearly same. There was no significant difference in birth weight, blood sugar level of neonates and complications between the two groups. There was no case of macrosomia in the two groups and the number of infants large for gestational age (LGA) was four in group A and two in group B. Hypoglycemia in newborn was slightly higher in the group A compared to group B (4 and 3 respectively). Conclusion From our study, it is evident that the use of oral agents is a pragmatic alternative to insulin therapy in cases of gestational diabetes because of similar glycemic control, ease of administration and better patient compliance due to noninvasive treatment. How to cite this article Mukhopadhyay P, Bag TS, Kyal A, Saha DP, Khalid N. Oral Hypoglycemic Glibenclamide: Can it be a Substitute to Insulin in the Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus? A Comparative Study. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2012;4(1):28-31.

Microscope-Study on the Relationship between Islet Cell Antibody and Cell Function in Children with Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 2938-2945
Author(s):  
Xinxia Zhang ◽  
Kunpeng Xu ◽  
Na Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Islet Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between islet cell antibodies and cell function in children with diabetes mellitus. Objective: To investigate the effects of insulin resistance and B-cell failure on blood glucose levels in children with diabetes, so as to provide theoretical basis for rational choice of hypoglycemic drugs and effective control of blood glucose. Methods: 81 children with diabetes mellitus were tested after eating 80g instant noodles for 0, 30, 60,120 min of blood glucose and insulin. All cases were divided into group A (FPG < 8.92mmol /L) and group B (FPG≥ 8.89mmol /L) according to the fasting blood glucose (FFG) level. The contribution of cell function and insulin resistance to the blood glucose level was assessed in both groups. Results: The sensitivity of insulin and true insulin in group B was 65.5% and 64% of that in group A. After adjusting the effect of insulin resistance, the cell function in group B was only 1/5-1/7 of that in group A. Insulin swabs and cell function, measured by insulin, contributed half to glucose levels in group A, while cell function contributed eight times as much to glucose levels as insulin resistance in group B. Beta cell secretory function, measured with true insulin, explained 43% of the change in blood glucose in group A, 55% of the change in blood glucose in group B, and insulin sensitivity explained 13% of the change in group A, and 5.9% of the change in group B. Conclusion: Insulin resistance and cell failure were more serious in the group with higher fasting glucose level (≥ 8.89mmol /L), and the hyperglycemia was mainly caused by cell failure, suggesting that the combination of insulin sensitizer and insulin secretory agent was beneficial in the initial treatment.

scholarly journals Effect of Continuous Nursing on Quality of Life of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Honglei Lv ◽  
Junling Li
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Nursing Satisfaction ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Better Than

Objective: To analyze the effect of continuous nursing on the quality of life of patients with diabetes. Methods: From August 2019 to August 2020, 76 patients with diabetes were selected and randomly divided into group A and group B. group a received continuous nursing and group B received routine nursing. Results: The compliance of health education in group A was better than that in group B (P < 0.05);The score of quality of life in group A was better than that in group B (P < 0.05);The scores of anxiety and depression in group A were better than those in group B (P < 0.05);The nursing satisfaction of group A was 97.37%, which was better than that of group B 76.32%, P < 0.05.Conclusions: Continuous nursing for patients with diabetes can improve the quality of life, relieve anxiety, depression and other negative emotions, and improve nursing satisfaction.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Administration of an Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor for Two Years on Autonomic and Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Triantafyllos Didangelos ◽  
Konstantinos Tziomalos ◽  
Charalambos Margaritidis ◽  
Zisis Kontoninas ◽  
Ioannis Stergiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Valsalva Maneuver ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Perception Threshold ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Aim. To evaluate the effect of quinapril on diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) and peripheral neuropathy (DPN).Patients and Methods. Sixty-three consecutive patients with diabetes mellitus [43% males, 27 with type 1 DM, mean age 52 years (range 22–65)], definite DCAN [abnormal results in 2 cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests (CARTs)], and DPN were randomized to quinapril 20 mg/day (group A,n=31) or placebo (group B,n=32) for 2 years. Patients with hypertension or coronary heart disease were excluded. To detect DPN and DCAN, the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument Questionnaire and Examination (MNSIQ and MNSIE), measurement of vibration perception threshold with biothesiometer (BIO), and CARTs [R-R variation during deep breathing [assessed by expiration/inspiration ratio (E/I), mean circular resultant (MCR), and standard deviation (SD)], Valsalva maneuver (Vals), 30 : 15 ratio, and orthostatic hypotension (OH)] were used.Results. In group A, E/I, MCR, and SD increased (pfor all comparisons < 0.05). Other indices (Vals, 30 : 15, OH, MNSIQ, MNSIE, and BIO) did not change. In group B, all CART indices deteriorated, except Vals, which did not change. MNSIQ, MNSIE, and BIO did not change.Conclusions.Treatment with quinapril improves DCAN (mainly parasympathetic dysfunction). Improved autonomic balance may improve the long-term outcome of diabetic patients.

Analysis of Perinatal Outcome of Normal Pregnant Women with Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1378-1382
Author(s):  
Sitong Lin ◽  
Yushan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Perinatal Outcome ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

The perinatal outcome of normal pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus was analyzed. Methods: The subjects were 50 pregnant women admitted to our hospital from September 2018 to 2019. According to the control of blood glucose level, they were divided into two groups: group A and group B. 32 pregnant women in group A had ideal control of blood glucose and 18 in group B had unsatisfactory control of blood glucose. The adverse pregnancy outcome, comparison of blood lipid and lipoprotein, quality of life score, perinatal complications and other relevant conditions were observed. Result: The adverse pregnancy outcome of group A was significantly lower than that of group B (P < 0.05); the lipid and lipid protein of group A was significantly better than that of group B (P < 0.05); the quality-of-life score of group A was significantly better than that of group B (P < 0.05); the perinatal complications of group A was significantly lower than that of group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The control of blood bottle level of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus is beneficial to the perinatal outcome, reduce the incidence of complications of pregnant women and newborns, and significantly improve the quality of life of pregnant women.

scholarly journals A comparative study of anaemia with the degree of glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1231
Author(s):  
Prabhu S. ◽  
Balakrishna Teli
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Poor Glycaemic Control ◽  
Good Glycaemic Control ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Anaemia is one of the world’s most common preventable condition yet it is often overlooked especially in people with Diabetes Mellitus. Anaemia is a common finding in patients with diabetes. Anaemia in patients with diabetes mellitus might contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular disease and aggravate diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. This aims to study the correlation between HbA1c and blood glucose levels in anaemic diabetics in order to assess the influence of anaemia on HbA1c and the effect of severity and type of anaemia on HbA1c.Methods: It’s a case control study, 200 Diabetic subjects were divided into two groups of 100 each based on their HbA1c levels group A, with good glycaemic control (HbA1c<7) and group B with poor glycaemic control (HbA1c>7), incidence of anaemia was measured and compared among them and also with 100 age and sex matched healthy non Diabetic controls. Results: In this study, it was found that high incidence of anaemia was found significantly higher in diabetics group with poor glycaemic control. Anemia was detected in 55% of patients among diabetic patients. Anaemia was seen in 71% of patients in group B with poor glycaemic control as compared to group A with good glycaemic control, in which only 39% of patients had anaemia. Mean haemoglobin was significantly lower that is, 10.81±3.0 in group with poor glycaemic control as compared to group with good glycaemic control i.e. 13.04±2.02. There was a statistically significant negative correllation between Haemoglobin percentage and HbA1c.Conclusion: Anaemia is a common finding in patients with diabetes. Diabetes related chronic hyperglycaemia can lead to a hypoxic environment in the renal interstitium which results in impaired production of erythropoietin by the peritubular fibroblasts and subsequently anaemia occurs. Anaemia in patients with diabetes mellitus might contribute to pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular disease and aggravate diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. However, an emphasis on regular screening for anaemia, alongside that for other diabetes related complications, might help to delay the progression of vascular complication in these patients.

Validation of Neuropad in the Assessment of Peripheral Diabetic Neuropathy in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Versus the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument, 10g Monofilament Application and Biothesiometer Measurement

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioanna Zografou ◽  
Fotios Iliadis ◽  
Christos Sambanis ◽  
Triantafyllos Didangelos
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Color Change ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Screening Instrument ◽  
Perception Threshold ◽  
Peripheral Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument ◽  
Group B

Objective: Sudomotor dysfunction is a feature of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN). The indicator plaster Neuropad can provide an easy and accurate way to diagnose DPN. The aim of the present study was to evaluate Neuropad’s specificity, sensitivity and accuracy in detecting DPN in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Methods: A total of 174 patients with DM (79 with type 1 DM, 88 women), mean age 49.8 ± 16.1 years and mean DM duration 17.3 ± 7.7 years were included in the present study. The following methods were used to diagnose DPN: the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument Questionnaire and Examination (MNSIQ and MNSIE, respectively), application of 10 g monofilament (MONO) and measurement of vibration perception threshold with biothesiometer (BIO). Neuropad was applied to both feet in all patients and according to the presence or absence of color change of the sticker, patients were divided in two groups: group A (n = 82, complete change in color from blue to pink, depicting normal perspiration) and group B (n = 92, incomplete or no change, depicting abnormal perspiration). Results: MNSIQ and MNSIE were positive for DPN in 111 and 119 patients, respectively. BIO was abnormal in 109 and MONO in 59 patients. Sensitivity of Neuropad testing was 95% vs. MONO, 73% vs. BIO, 73% vs. MNSIE and 75% vs. ΜNSIQ. Specificity was 69, 81, 90 and 92%, respectively and accuracy of the test was 78, 76, 78 and 83%, respectively. Conclusion: Neuropad has a high sensitivity and specificity in detecting DPN vs. MNSIQ, MNSIE and BIO. Neuropad has a high sensitivity but moderate specificity vs. MONO. The accuracy of the test was high in all measurements.

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