Microscope-Study on the Relationship between Islet Cell Antibody and Cell Function in Children with Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 2938-2945
Author(s):  
Xinxia Zhang ◽  
Kunpeng Xu ◽  
Na Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Islet Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between islet cell antibodies and cell function in children with diabetes mellitus. Objective: To investigate the effects of insulin resistance and B-cell failure on blood glucose levels in children with diabetes, so as to provide theoretical basis for rational choice of hypoglycemic drugs and effective control of blood glucose. Methods: 81 children with diabetes mellitus were tested after eating 80g instant noodles for 0, 30, 60,120 min of blood glucose and insulin. All cases were divided into group A (FPG < 8.92mmol /L) and group B (FPG≥ 8.89mmol /L) according to the fasting blood glucose (FFG) level. The contribution of cell function and insulin resistance to the blood glucose level was assessed in both groups. Results: The sensitivity of insulin and true insulin in group B was 65.5% and 64% of that in group A. After adjusting the effect of insulin resistance, the cell function in group B was only 1/5-1/7 of that in group A. Insulin swabs and cell function, measured by insulin, contributed half to glucose levels in group A, while cell function contributed eight times as much to glucose levels as insulin resistance in group B. Beta cell secretory function, measured with true insulin, explained 43% of the change in blood glucose in group A, 55% of the change in blood glucose in group B, and insulin sensitivity explained 13% of the change in group A, and 5.9% of the change in group B. Conclusion: Insulin resistance and cell failure were more serious in the group with higher fasting glucose level (≥ 8.89mmol /L), and the hyperglycemia was mainly caused by cell failure, suggesting that the combination of insulin sensitizer and insulin secretory agent was beneficial in the initial treatment.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF AEROBIC EXERCISES AND RESISTANCE TRAINING ON GLUCOSE LEVELS IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC SUBJECTS.

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
Aishwarya Pramod Benkar ◽  
Smita Bhimrao Kanase
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of death and disability in the world and its prevalence is predicted to rise to 10% by 2030. Hence, this study is conducted with objectives to find out the effect of aerobic exercises and resisted exercises on blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects and to compare the effect of both exercises on blood glucose level.Method: The comparative study was conducted at Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Physiotherapy department, Karad. 30 participants with age group between 30 and 65 years were taken. Subjects were selected as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Group A (15) participants were given aerobic exercise on static bicycle, and Group B (15) participants were given resistance training using dumbbells and weight cuffs for 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Diet recommendations were given to every participant.Results: Statistical analysis was performed using paired and unpaired t-test. Analysis showed statistically extremely significant difference in fasting blood glucose level and postprandial blood glucose level in both the groups (p≤0.0001).Conclusion: Thus, this study concludes that both aerobic exercises and resistance training prove to be beneficial in controlling blood glucose levels in T2DM subjects.

Effects of exogenous growth hormone pretreatment on the pituitary growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing hormone alone or in combination with pyridostigmine in Type I diabetic patients

1991 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 510-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Giustina ◽  
Simonetta Bossoni ◽  
Corrado Bodini ◽  
Antonino Cimino ◽  
Giuseppe Pizzocolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type I ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
And Control

Abstract. We evaluated the effects of iv pretreatment with exogenous GH on the GH response to GHRH either alone or in combination with pyridostigmine in 14 Type I diabetic patients and 6 normal subjects. All the subjects received an iv bolus injection of biosynthetic human GH, 2 IU; 2 h later they received either a. pyridostigmine, 120 mg orally, or b. placebo, 2 tablets orally, followed 1 h later by iv injection of GHRH(1-29) NH2, 100 μg. In normal subjects the median GH peak after GH+GHRH was 1.8, range 1.2-6.9 μg/l. Pyridostigmine enhanced the GH response to GHRH in all subjects. The median GH peak after pyridostigmine+ GH+GHRH was 32.7, range 19.8-42.1 μg/l (p<0.001 vs GHRH alone). Seven diabetic subjects had median GH peaks after GH+GHRH >6.9 μg/l (the maximum GH peak after GH+GHRH in normal subjects) (group A: median GH peak 35.7, range 21.7-55 μg/l). The other diabetic subjects had GH peak lower than 6.9 μg/l (group B: median GH peak 4.4, range 2.1-6.5 μg/l). Pyridostigmine significantly increased the GH response to GHRH in group B patients (median GH peak 29.3, range 15.7-93.4 μg/l, p<0.001 vs GH+GHRH alone), but not in group A patients (median GH peak 39.9, range 21.9-64.9 μg/l). Group A diabetic patients were younger and had higher HbA1c and blood glucose levels than group B patients. In those diabetic patients with an exaggerated GH response to GH+GHRH, pyridostigmine failed to cause the increase in GH secretion observed in diabetic and control subjects with no responses to GH+GHRH. It can be suggested that elevated 24-h GH levels in some Type I diabetic patients may be due to decreased somatostatinergic tone which in turn causes altered autoregulation of GH secretion. We hypothesize that this finding is a consequence of a reset of the hypothalamic control of GH secretion caused by a chronically elevated blood glucose level in this subpopulation.

Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance enhances B cell responsiveness to glucose level in normal men

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (5) ◽  
pp. E592-E596 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Beard ◽  
J. B. Halter ◽  
J. D. Best ◽  
M. A. Pfeifer ◽  
D. Porte
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
B Cell Function ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Insulin Responses ◽  
Effect Of Glucose

To determine whether islet adaptation during insulin resistance involves increased responsiveness to the level of plasma glucose, insulin resistance was induced in nine normal men by giving dexamethasone (Dex) (3 mg twice daily for 2 days). Plasma insulin and acute insulin responses (AIR) to isoproterenol were measured at three different glucose levels under control and Dex conditions. During Dex there were elevations above control levels of basal glucose (104 +/- 2 vs. 94 +/- 3 mg/dl) and insulin (21 +/- 3 vs. 13 +/- 2 microU/ml, both P less than 0.03). When glucose levels were raised stepwise by matching amounts using glucose clamps, AIR to isoproterenol rose as a linear function of glucose level under both conditions but rose more steeply during Dex. That is, the potentiating effect of glucose (delta AIR/delta glucose) was greater during Dex: 1.3 +/- 0.2 vs. 0.8 +/- 0.2 (P less than 0.01). Similarly, matched increments in glucose level produced greater increments in prestimulus insulin level during Dex (P less than 0.03). We conclude that 48 h of Dex raises the "gain" of the potentiating effect of glucose. Because the direct effect of glucocorticoids on B cell function has been reported to be inhibitory, the observed stimulation is likely to be a result of the insulin resistance caused by Dex.

scholarly journals Correlation of Salivary Glucose level with Blood Glucose Level in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 1410-1414
Author(s):  
Gnanamoorthy Kothai ◽  
Acksa Alex ◽  
Aruna Bholenath Patil ◽  
Athanallur Raman Malathy ◽  
Prasanna Karthik Suthakaran
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Status ◽  
Regular Monitoring ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
The Individual

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a systemic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia either due to insulin resistance or insulin deficiency. This can lead to many serious life-threatening complications if not managed properly by regular monitoring of glycemic status. Prevalence of fear of needles in the society make people non-compliant to regular monitoring. Thus, there is a need for a non-invasive method for determining the glycemic status of the individual. Salivary Glucose has the potential to be one such tool. This study aimed to find whether a correlation between fasting blood glucose levels and fasting salivary glucose levels could be established in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. 50 patients with DM and 50 patients without DM were studied. 5 ml of venous blood and 5 ml of unstimulated saliva after overnight fasting were collected from each participant and processed using standardized enzymatic methods. The data was analyzed using SPSS software. There was a strong and very significant positive correlation (r=0.800, p=0.001) between fasting salivary glucose levels and fasting blood glucose levels in patients with DM whereas the correlation was weak and insignificant in patients without DM (r=0.111, p=0.441). The cut off value for diagnosing DM was found to be ˃ 2.2mg/dl with 100% specificity and 100% sensitivity.

scholarly journals Effects of Crude Extract of Neem Bark on the Pancreas of Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
A. J. Ajibade ◽  
E. O. James ◽  
B. D. Kehinde
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

This study investigated the histological and serum enzymatic activities of Azadirachta indica, an Indian medicinal plant, on the pancreas in streptozotocin induced diabetic adult wstar rats. Forty six adult wistar rats weighing 100 g to 220 g were randomly separated into four groups; Group A was regarded as the control , while group B was the diabetic group, C and diabetic – extract treated group. The control group received distilled water throughout the experiment; the remaining three groups were induced with streptozotocin intra-peritoneally to induced diabetes in the wistar rats. After some days, the animals were confirmed diabetic with the help of a measuring glucometer. Thereafter, group B diabetic rats remained untreated while Group C and D were treated with a low dose (250 mg/kg) of the crude neem bark extract and a high dose (500 mg/kg) of the extract respectively for 42 days. The aqueous neem bark extract was suspended in the drinking water of the treated animals for the period of 42 days. The body weights of the animals were weighed weekly and likewise the measurement of the blood glucose level was taken. The animals were sacrificed at the end of 42 days by cervical dislocation and the pancreas was removed and weighed immediately using sensitive weighing balance. The blood samples were collected from the sacrificed animals into EDTA bottle for serum enzymatic analysis. The organ pancreas was fixed in a 10% formol saline, processed and stained with Heamatoxylin and Eosin for general histological study. The microscopic examination of diabetic group showed some degenerative and necrotic cells which made the pancreatic tissue distorted compared with the control that appeared normal. The diabetic group C and D rats treated with the extract showed ameliorative potentials of the extract with improvement in histo-architecture of the pancreatic tissue following recovery from damage. Analysis of the blood serum level showed that the aqueous neem bark extract has ameliorative effect on the enzymatic activities in serum of the treated rats. The alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase and alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the crude extract- treated animals compared with the untreated group B and control group A with significantly increased ( P<0.05 ) enzymatic activities in wistar rats in these groups. The antioxidant status was compromised in diabetic group B with significantly increased (P<0.05) LPO, reduced SOD and GSH compared with significantly reduced (P<0.05) LPO, increased (P<0.05) SOD and GSH in group A- control and Group C and D diabetic-extract treated Wistar rats. Similarly, the blood glucose level increased significantly (P<0.05) in group B diabetic group compared with significantly reduced (P<0.05) blood glucose level in group A control as well as C and D extract-treated rats. The study concluded that crude extract of neem has ameliorative potentials on streptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rats characterized by oxidative damage which reveals improvement in tissue morphology.

scholarly journals Clinical appraisal of Lodhradi Kashaya on type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Varun K. Singh ◽  
K. R. C. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Lodhradi Kashaya (LKSD) is basically ayurvedic kwath dosage form, described as Madhumehajeet (winner of diabetes mellitus) in ayurvedic classics Basavarajeeyam and the same formulation in Vaidya Chintamani and Charaka Samhita too. The aim of this study was to assess prospectively the drug’s ability in management of type 2 diabetes. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Total 31 patients were taken following the guideline mention in CCRAS protocol for diabetes mellitus research. They are divided into two groups, group A and B, given LKSD 4 g &amp; 2 g TDS respectively for three-month follow up. They are investigated against their blood glucose, HbA1C and liver profile tests. Patients were also investigated for subjective parameters viz polyurea, polyphagia, exhaustion and constipation and their response has also been noted regarding palatability acceptance and ease of administration.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Patients has responded positively for formulation. Decrease in FBS and PPBS were found highly significant (P ˂ 0.001) in both groups but more in higher dose (group A). Decrease in HbA1C is also found highly significant in both groups. In LFT, SGOT level were also decreased more in group B in comparison to group A, and it is significant (P = 0.017 and 0.002). SGPT level were also decreased more in group B in comparison to group A, and it is significant in group B (P= 0.085 and 0.002).  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> LKSD is having astringent taste due to tannins and phenols in it. It was found significant not only in controlling blood sugar but also in management of other factors related to diabetes mellitus.</p>

scholarly journals Gambaran kadar glukosa darah puasa pada pekerja kantor

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis E. Ugahari ◽  
Yanti M. Mewo ◽  
Stefana H.M. Kaligis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Abstract: Blood glucose must be maintained in a constant concentration. Hyperglycemia, an increase of blood glucose level, can be a symptom of diabetes mellitus. One of the factors that affect the blood glucose level is physical activity. Low physical activity can be influenced by work. Sedentary lifestyle is identic with office workes. Office workers do not enough time to do physical activity. This study was aimed to describe the fasting blood glucose level among office workers. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. Respondents were obtained by using total sampling method. There were 52 respondents in this study consisted of 25 males and 27 females. The results showed that 45 respondents (86.54%) had normal fasting blood glucose levels, 5 respondents (9.62%) had high fasting blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia), and 2 respondents (3.84%) had low fasting blood glucose levels (hypoglycemia). The maximum value was 243 mg/dL, the minimum value was 63 mg/dL, the median value was 83 mg/dL, the average value was 94.42 mg/dL, and standard of deviation was 37.85 mg/dL. Conclusion: Most office workers had normal blood glucose levels.Keywords: fasting blood glucose, office workers Abstrak: Glukosa darah dalam tubuh manusia harus dijaga dalam konsentrasi yang konstan. Kadar glukosa darah dalam tubuh yang meningkat (hiperglikemia) dapat menjadi gejala penyakit diabetes mellitus. Salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi kadar glukosa darah ialah aktivitas fisik. Aktivitas fisik yang kurang dapat dipengaruhi oleh pekerjaan. Pola hidup sedentary lifestyle identik dengan pekerja kantor dewasa ini. Pekerja kantor tidak memiliki waktu untuk terlibat dalam aktivitas fisik yang cukup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kadar glukosa darah puasa pada pekerja kantor. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Pemilihan responden dilakukan dengan metode total sampling. Responden terdiri dari 25 orang laki-laki s dan 27 orang perempuan. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 45 responden (86,54%) memiliki kadar glukosa darah puasa normal, 5 responden (9,62%) memilki kadar glukosa darah puasa tinggi (hiperglikemia), dan 2 responden (3,84%) memilki kadar glukosa puasa rendah (hipoglikemia). Hasil pengukuran kadar glukosa darah puasa mendapatkan nilai maksimum 243 mg/dL, nilai minimum 63 mg/dL, nilai median 83 mg/dL, nilai rata-rata 94,42 mg/dL dan standar devisiasi 37,85 mg/dL. Simpulan: Sebagian besar pekerja kantor masih memiliki kadar glukosa darah puasa yang normal. Kata kunci: glukosa darah puasa, pekerja kantor

scholarly journals Derivatised liquid chroamtographic method for statistical estimation of saliva samples by non-invasive technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 1240-1243
Author(s):  
Vasundhara S ◽  
Madhusudan Rao Bandlamudi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
P Value ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Short Period

A method was developed and validated for low-level detection of glucose. The method involves quantitation of glucose though derivitisation with PABA and HPLC-DAD analysis. A selective and novel method has been optimised for evaluation of blood glucose levels in blood Serum and saliva biological matrices by R.P-H.P.L.C. The principle analyte was eluted with the conditions of mobile phase having the 50m.M Sodium acetate: Acetonitrile (60:40%, v./v.) using the Phenomax-C.18  (250 x 4.6 mm, 3.5m.) analytical column with the 1.0 ml/min flow rate and 10µl sample volume at 254 nm in a photodiode array detector. The retention times of was 3.4 min within the total run time of 05 min. The curve indicates the correlation coefficient (r2) was superior by having the value 0.998 with a linear range of 40 µg/ml- 600.0 µg/ml. Based on the results obtained in the validation, the developed method was susceptible, accurate, linear and economical. Due to the short time of the chromatographic program, more samples can be analysed within a short period.  Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using t-test. Highly significant P-value (P<0.05) was obtained between the serum blood glucose and salivary glucose level. A distinct difference was observed in the salivary glucose between the control and diabetic group. The method was met all the predefined acceptance criteria.  Diabetes mellitus is a globally widespread disease. As the salivary collection is painless and non-invasive, in this study, an attempt has been made to diagnose diabetes mellitus by estimating the salivary glucose level in comparison with serum blood glucose level. Hence the developed method can be used as an index of diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Gambaran Kadar Glukosa Darah Sewaktu Pada Penderita Hipertensi di Puskesmas II Mendoyo

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
I Gusti Agung Dewi Sarihati ◽  
Putu Dita Pratiwi ◽  
I Gusti Agung Ayu Putu Swastini
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Average Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

<p class="normal" align="center"><strong>Description </strong><strong>o</strong><strong>f Blood Glucose Levels </strong><strong>i</strong><strong>n Hypertension Patients </strong><strong>in</strong><strong> Mendoyo Public </strong><strong>H</strong><strong>ealth </strong><strong>C</strong><strong>enter</strong></p><p class="normal" align="center"> </p><p class="normal"><strong> Abstract</strong></p><p class="normal"> </p><p>Hypertension is a degenerative disease that still affects many people in Bali Province. Hypertension occurs due to many factors where it can start from genetics and lifestyle. Hypertension can lead to insulin resistance which is the main cause of increased blood glucose, so that people who suffer from hypertension have the risk of suffering from diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study is to describe the current blood glucose levels in  patients with hypertension at Puskesmas II Mendoyo. Method this research  uses descriptive quantitative method involving 30 respondents through purposive sampling technique. The research was conducted in March - April 2021. Data collection was carried out by filling out questionnaires and examining blood glukose level with POCT EasyTouch GCU. The results showed that (13.3%) patients with hypertension had blood glucose levels in the non-DM category, (80%) with the uncertain DM category, and (6.7%) in the DM category. The average blood glucose level is 120.7 mg/dl with the lowest level is 84 mg/dl and the highest level up to 273 mg/dl. In conclusion, most patients with hypertension have blood glucose levels during the uncertain DM category.</p><p><strong>Keyword</strong>s: blood glucose levels; hypertension; diabetes melitus</p>

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