scholarly journals Treating Lumbar Fracture Using the Mixed Reality Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jiaheng Li ◽  
Hexing Zhang ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Shuangqi Yu ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
Mixed Reality ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pedicle Screws ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Image Guided ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lumbar Fracture ◽  
Fracture Surgery

The mixed reality (MR) technique has recently been widely used in the orthopedic surgery with satisfactory results reported. However, few studies have focused on the application of MR in the Lumbar fracture (LF). In this retrospective study, our aim is to analyze some findings by investigating the feasibility of MR applied to lumbar fracture treatment. Posterior vertebrectomy has been operated on 7 patients. The MR–based intraoperative three-dimensional image-guided navigation system (MITINS) was used to assist implantation of pedicle screws. The feasibility and safety of pedicle screw implantation were assessed by postsurgery radiography. The visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were used to assess the pain level and recovery situation before and after surgery. 57 pedicle screws were safely and precisely placed into three-dimensional lumbar models by using MITINS. No screw was found outside the pedicle of the models, and it was not necessary for the X-ray to provide extra locative information during the operation with the use of MITINS. In summary, the application of MITINS is feasible, safe, and accurate while the lumbar fracture surgery is processing, providing satisfactory assistance for spine surgeons.

Feasibility of mixed reality–based intraoperative three-dimensional image-guided navigation for atlanto-axial pedicle screw placement

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (12) ◽  
pp. 1310-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinghuo Wu ◽  
Rong Liu ◽  
Song Xu ◽  
Cao Yang ◽  
Shuhua Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Pedicle Screw ◽  
Mixed Reality ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pedicle Screws ◽  
Screw Placement ◽  
Upper Cervical Spine ◽  
Pedicle Screw Placement ◽  
Image Guided ◽  
Upper Cervical

This study aimed to evaluate the safety and accuracy of mixed reality–based intraoperative three-dimensional navigated pedicle screws in three-dimensional printed model of fractured upper cervical spine. A total of 27 cervical model from patients of upper cervical spine fractures formed the study group. All the C1 and C2 pedicle screws were inserted under mixed reality–based intraoperative three-dimensional image-guided navigation system. The accuracy and safety of the pedicle screw placement were evaluated on the basis of postoperative computerized tomography scans. A total of 108 pedicle screws were properly inserted into the cervical three-dimensional models under mixed reality–based navigation, including 54 C1 pedicle screws and 54 C2 pedicle screws. Analysis of the dimensional parameters of each pedicle at C1/C2 level showed no statistically significant differences in the ideal and the actual entry points, inclined angles, and tailed angles. No screw was misplaced outside the pedicle of the three-dimensional printed model, and no ionizing X-ray radiation was used during screw placement under navigation. It is easy and safe to place C1/C2 pedicle screws under MR surgical navigation. Mixed reality–based navigation is feasible within upper cervical spinal fractures with improved safety and accuracy of C1/C2 pedicle screw insertion.

scholarly journals P.174 Accuracy of pedicle screw placement with X-ray versus O-arm image-guided navigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (s3) ◽  
pp. S69-S70
Author(s):  
L Neuburger ◽  
Y Cheng ◽  
DR Fourney
Keyword(s):  
Pedicle Screw ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spinal Instrumentation ◽  
Pedicle Screws ◽  
Screw Placement ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Pedicle Screw Placement ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Image Guided

Background: Image-guided navigation is routinely used in spine surgery to improve placement of pedicle screws. However, most reports have relied on two-dimensional X-ray evaluation to determine accuracy of screw positioning. In this study, computed tomography (CT) and O-arm imaging enabled a detailed three-dimensional comparison of screw placement. The objective was to compare the accuracy of pedicle screw placement with intraoperative X-ray versus O-arm image-guided navigation. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of image-guided pedicle screw placement in patients who underwent spinal instrumentation. Post-operative CT and O-arm imaging allowed grading of screw accuracy based on pedicle breaches. Clinical outcomes included patient and operative factors. Results: Pedicle screws were placed in 208 patients (1116 screws). Three-dimensional O-arm guidance was utilized for 126 patients, while the remainder underwent two-dimensional X-ray imaging and post-operative CT assessment. O-arm navigation was associated with improved pedicle screw accuracy: pedicle breaches were more likely to be low grade (odds ratio 2.84, p=0.001) and less likely to be medium grade (odds ratio 0.35, p=0.007) or high grade (odds ratio 0.31, p=0.025). Conclusions: This study provided a detailed comparison of surgical accuracy with X-ray versus O-arm guidance. Navigation with O-arm imaging is associated with benefits in spinal instrumentation, without impacting operative risks for patients.

scholarly journals In Situ Coherent X-ray Diffraction during Three-Point Bending of a Au Nanowire: Visualization and Quantification

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Davydok ◽  
Thomas Cornelius ◽  
Zhe Ren ◽  
Cedric Leclere ◽  
Gilbert Chahine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reciprocal Space ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Complex Deformation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Au Nanowire ◽  
Before And After

The three-point bending behavior of a single Au nanowire deformed by an atomic force microscope was monitored by coherent X-ray diffraction using a sub-micrometer sized hard X-ray beam. Three-dimensional reciprocal-space maps were recorded before and after deformation by standard rocking curves and were measured by scanning the energy of the incident X-ray beam during deformation at different loading stages. The mechanical behavior of the nanowire was visualized in reciprocal space and a complex deformation mechanism is described. In addition to the expected bending of the nanowire, torsion was detected. Bending and torsion angles were quantified from the high-resolution diffraction data.

Three-dimensional fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous thoracolumbar pedicle screw placement

2003 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Langston T. Holly ◽  
Kevin T. Foley
Keyword(s):  
Pedicle Screw ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pedicle Screws ◽  
Screw Placement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Image Guided ◽  
Spinal Navigation ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors sought to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) fluoroscopic guidance for percutaneous placement of thoracic and lumbar pedicle screws in three cadaveric specimens. After attaching a percutaneous dynamic reference array to the surgical anatomy, an isocentric C-arm fluoroscope was used to obtain images of the region of interest. Light-emitting diodes attached to the C-arm unit were tracked using an electrooptical camera. The image data set was transferred to the image-guided workstation, which performed an automated registration. Using the workstation display, pedicle screw trajectories were planned. An image-guided drill guide was passed through a stab incision, and this was followed by sequential image-guided pedicle drilling, tapping, and screw placement. Pedicle screws of various diameters (range 4–6.5 mm) were placed in all pedicles greater than 4 mm in diameter. Postoperatively, thin-cut computerized tomography scans were obtained to determine the accuracy of screw placement. Eighty-nine (94.7%) of 94 percutaneous screws were placed completely within the cortical pedicle margins, including all 30 lumbar screws (100%) and 59 (92%) of 64 thoracic screws. The mean diameter of all thoracic pedicles was 6 mm (range 2.9–11 mm); the mean diameter of the five pedicles in which wall violations occurred was 4.6 mm (range 4.1–6.3 mm). Two of the violations were less than 2 mm beyond the cortex; the others were between 2 and 3 mm. Coupled with an image guidance system, 3D fluoroscopy allows highly accurate spinal navigation. Results of this study suggest that this technology will facilitate the application of minimally invasive techniques to the field of spine surgery.

Noninvasive Magnetic Resonance to Three-Dimensional Rotational X-Ray Registration of Vertebral Bodies for Image-Guided Spine Surgery

Spine ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everine B. van de Kraats ◽  
Theo van Walsum ◽  
Jorrit-Jan Verlaan ◽  
F. Cumhur Öner ◽  
Max A. Viergever ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Image Guided ◽  
Vertebral Bodies

Clinical and laboratory studies of the effectiveness of a non-invasive method of treating caries in the stage of white chalky spot with Icon technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
S.U. Maksyukov ◽  
D.V. Yogina ◽  
D.S. Maksyukov
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Tooth Dentin ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a non-invasive method of treating caries at the stage of a white chalky spot with the Infiltration Concept (Icon) technology. Materials and methods: the clinical and laboratory study included 5 teeth with caries in the white spot stage, removed according to orthodontic indications. The study included scanning in an X-ray computer microtomograph of selected samples of teeth with caries in the white spot stage before and after treatment of the caries area according to Icon technology. For each sample, 1601 X-ray projections were obtained, which were then reconstructed using the XRM Reconstructor software. The comparison of the mineralization density of the samples was carried out by calibrating the obtained images, reconstructing three-dimensional models of tooth samples and constructing maps of the mineralization fee. Results and conclusions. Data on the mineralization density before and after treatment according to Icon technology were obtained in the following areas of the studied teeth: caries in the white spot stage; dentin bordering on caries (the area touches the dentinoemal border as close as possible to the caries area); the area of healthy enamel on the opposite side of the tooth; dentin bordering on healthy enamel (near the dentinoemal border and as close as possible to the healthy enamel area). A comparison of the results obtained does not allow us to conclude about the effectiveness of treatment according to the Icon technology. Moreover, the mineralization density of the studied areas significantly decreased after the treatment.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional X-Ray Imaging and Analysis of Fungi on and in Wood

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 395-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Van den Bulcke ◽  
Matthieu Boone ◽  
Joris Van Acker ◽  
Luc Van Hoorebeke
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fungal Exposure ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fundamental Research

AbstractAs wood is prone to fungal degradation, fundamental research is necessary to increase our knowledge aiming at product improvement. Several imaging modalities are capable of visualizing fungi, but the X-ray equipment presented in this article can envisage fungal mycelium in wood nondestructively in three dimensions with submicron resolution. Four types of wood subjected to the action of the white rot fungusCoriolus versicolor(Linnaeus) Quélet (CTB 863 A) were scanned using an X-ray-based approach. Comparison of wood volumes before and after fungal exposure, segmented manually or semiautomatically, showed the presence of the fungal mass on and in the wood samples and therefore demonstrated the usefulness of computed X-ray tomography for mycological and wood research. Further improvements to the experimental setup are necessary to resolve individual hyphae and enhance segmentation.

Dry Effect of Cementitious Materials on Testing Results of X-Ray CT

2012 ◽  
Vol 450-451 ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian De Han ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Gang Hua Pan
Keyword(s):  
Cement Paste ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gray Values

In this study three-dimensional X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) is used to investigate the testing results differences of cement paste and mortar before and after drying. It can be found that the mean gray values of paste and mortar before drying are bigger than after drying, and the impact of drying on cement paste is more serious than mortar. In addition, the porosity of non-drying cement paste and mortar is 1.10% and 0.43%, while that of drying cement paste and mortar is 1.55% and 0.70%, respectively. So, the porosity of paste and mortar markedly increases after drying process. The numbers of pores of paste and mortar sharply increase after drying process in particular between 0.01mm3 and 0.1mm3. The impact of drying on smaller pores is more serious than bigger pores.

scholarly journals Characterization of Three-Dimensional Internal Structure Evolution in Asphalt Mixtures during Freeze–Thaw Cycles

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4316
Author(s):  
Gang Xu ◽  
Xianhua Chen ◽  
Xing Cai ◽  
Yunhong Yu ◽  
Jun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Structure Evolution ◽  
Void Content ◽  
3D Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Before And After

This paper aims to characterize the three-dimensional (3D) internal structure evolution of asphalt mixtures under freeze–thaw cycles. Asphalt mixtures with three levels of design void content (3%, 5%, and 7%) were prepared in the laboratory. Subsequently, X-ray computed tomography (CT) tests were conducted to capture two-dimensional (2D) images of the internal structure of samples before and after freeze–thaw testing. A set of image processing techniques for reconstructing 3D images of the internal structure were utilized to extract the internal structure properties, which were then used to analyze the changes in the air void distributions and to evaluate the internal structure evolution under freeze–thaw cycles. 3D images reconstructed from X-ray CT images illustrated a dramatic degradation in the internal structure after cyclic freeze–thaw exposure. The change in internal structure occurs mainly in three ways: (1) expansion of existing individual voids, (2) combination of two separated air voids, and (3) generation of new voids. In addition, the parametric analysis of the three-dimensional reconstructed voids revealed that the asphalt mixture void ratio increased with the number of freeze–thaw cycles, while the larger the initial void content, the more pronounced the increase in the specimens. Therefore, asphalt mixture freeze–thaw resistance should be optimized in relation to the design void content.

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