Effect of Hafnium Coating on Osseointegration of Titanium Implants: A Split Mouth Animal Study

The behaviour of hafnium as surface coating in biological environments has not been studied. Little is known about osseointegration of hafnium-coated titanium implants. Thus, further studies of hafnium coating under biological conditions are required in order to determine the suitability of this material, as a surface coating for biomedical application. The aim of the study is to analyse the difference between hafnium-coated titanium and uncoated titanium by evaluating the osseointegration ability of hafnium metal and mechanism of which promotes better bone integration. The study was conducted with a split mouth design on 16 Wistar Albino rats of both sexes, at the age of 6-7 months, weighing 2526.5 ± 74.4 g . Self-tapping titanium osteosynthesis screws ( 4 mm × 2 mm ) (LeForte System Bone Screw®) were implanted in the mandible of rats: Group A (pure titanium screws, n = 12 ) and Group B (hafnium-coated screws, n = 12 ). The implanted screws’ stability was checked and noted with a specially customised torque apparatus during insertion and removal of implant. The tissue sections were then processed for hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome for bone and connective tissue examination, after 4 and 8 weeks of placement. Hafnium coating appears to have offered similar biocompatibility (aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and creatine kinase (CK) enzyme assay), statistically significant improvement (independent Student’s t -test, p < 0.05 ) in insertion torque ( 25.42 ± 3.965 ) and removal torque ( 29.17 ± 2.887 ) than commercially pure titanium with insertion torque ( 22.08 ± .575 ) and removal torque ( 25.42 ± 2.575 ). Hafnium coating in the rat mandible showed promising osseointegration with good tissue biocompatibility. Further human trials of hafnium-coated implants are needed to understand the biological behaviour better to enhance clinical performance.

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Use of the Sol–Gel Method for the Preparation of Coatings of Titanium Substrates with Hydroxyapatite for Biomedical Application

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings10030203 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 203 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Michelina Catauro ◽

Federico Barrino ◽

Ignazio Blanco ◽

Simona Piccolella ◽

Severina Pacifico

Keyword(s):

Biomedical Application ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Pure Titanium ◽

Dip Coating ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Human Blood Plasma ◽

Commercially Pure Titanium ◽

Gel Method ◽

Sol Gel Method ◽

Titanium Grade

Hydroxyapatite (HA) was coated onto the surface of commercially pure titanium grade 4 (a material generally used for implant application) by a dip coating method using HA sol. Hydroxyapatite sol was synthesized via sol–gel using Ca(NO3)2∙4H2O and P2O5 as precursors. The surface of the HA coating was homogeneous, as determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), which allowed the materials to be characterized. The bioactivity of the synthesized materials and their efficiency for use as future bone implants was confirmed by observing the formation of a layer of hydroxyapatite on the surface of the samples soaked in a fluid simulating the composition of human blood plasma. To verify the biocompatibility of the obtained biomaterial, fibroblasts were grown on a glass surface and were tested for viability after 24 h. The results of the WST-8 analysis suggest that the HA systems, prepared by the sol–gel method, are most suitable for modifying the surface of titanium implants and improving their biocompatibility.

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Anatase Forming Treatment without Surface Morphological Alteration of Dental Implant

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13225280 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (22) ◽

pp. 5280

Author(s):

Saturnino Marco Lupi ◽

Benedetta Albini ◽

Arianna Rodriguez y Baena ◽

Giulia Lanfrè ◽

Pietro Galinetto

Keyword(s):

Pure Titanium ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Surface Treatments ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Point Of View ◽

Morphological Alteration ◽

Commercially Pure Titanium ◽

Tio2 Layer ◽

Amorphous Form ◽

Commercially Pure

The osseointegration of titanium implants is allowed by the TiO2 layer that covers the implants. Titania can exist in amorphous form or in three different crystalline conformations: anatase, rutile and brookite. Few studies have characterized TiO2 covering the surface of dental implants from the crystalline point of view. The aim of the present study was to characterize the evolution of the TiO2 layer following different surface treatments from a crystallographic point of view. Commercially pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V implants subjected to different surface treatments were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy to evaluate the crystalline conformation of titania. The surface treatments evaluated were: machining, sandblasting, sandblasting and etching and sandblasting, etching and anodization. The anodizing treatment evaluated in this study allowed to obtain anatase on commercially pure titanium implants without altering the morphological characteristics of the surface.

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Characterization of Nano-Scale Hydroxyapatite Coating Synthesized from Eggshells Through Hydrothermal Reaction on Commercially Pure Titanium

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings10020112 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 112 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hsing-Ning Yu ◽

Hsueh-Chuan Hsu ◽

Shih-Ching Wu ◽

Cheng-Wei Hsu ◽

Shih-Kuang Hsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrothermal Reaction ◽

Alkali Treatment ◽

Pure Titanium ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Commercially Pure Titanium ◽

Uncoated Sample ◽

Ha Coating ◽

Commercially Pure ◽

Carbonate Substitution ◽

Living Bone

Commercially pure titanium (c.p. Ti) is often used in biomedical implants, but its surface cannot usually combine with the living bone. A coating of hydroxyapatite (HA) on the surface of titanium implants provides excellent mechanical properties and has good biological activity and biocompatibility. For optimal osteocompatibility, the structure, size, and composition of HA crystals should be closer to those of biological apatite. Our results show that the surface of c.p. Ti was entirely covered by rod-like HA nanoparticles after alkali treatment and subsequent hydrothermal treatment at 150 °C for 48 h. Nano-sized apatite aggregates began to nucleate on HA-coated c.p. Ti surfaces after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 6 h, while no obvious precipitation was found on the uncoated sample. Higher apatite-forming ability (bioactivity) could be acquired by the samples after HA coating. The HA coating featured bone-like nanostructure, high crystallinity, and carbonate substitution. It can be expected that HA coatings synthesized from eggshells on c.p. Ti through a hydrothermal reaction could be used in dental implant applications in the future.

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Study of commercially pure titanium implants bone integration mechanism

European Journal of Plastic Surgery ◽

10.1007/s002380000165 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 301-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Z. Lijian ◽

C. Ti-Sheng ◽

W. Wei ◽

C. Lei

Keyword(s):

Pure Titanium ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Commercially Pure Titanium ◽

Commercially Pure ◽

Integration Mechanism ◽

Bone Integration

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Characterization of Calcium Phosphate Films Prepared by RF Magnetron Sputtering

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-0888-v05-01 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 888 ◽

Author(s):

Takayuki Narushima ◽

Kyosuke Ueda ◽

Takashi Goto ◽

Tomoyuki Katsube ◽

Hiroshi Kawamura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Phosphate ◽

Magnetron Sputtering ◽

Amorphous Calcium Phosphate ◽

Pure Titanium ◽

Active Surface ◽

Rf Magnetron Sputtering ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Calcium Phosphate Coating ◽

Commercially Pure Titanium ◽

Cp Ti

ABSTRACTCalcium phosphate films were prepared on commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) substrates by RF magnetron sputtering using β-tricalcium phosphate targets. XRD and FTIR analyses showed that the films consisted of amorphous calcium phosphate and oxyapatite phases. The (002) preferred orientation of the oxyapatite phase was observed depending on the oxygen gas concentration in the sputtering gas. The surface reactions of the calcium phosphate films were investigated in Hanks' solution and PBS(-). Apatite crystallites were detected on the films after immersion for 7 days. An active surface reaction was observed on the amorphous calcium phosphate films during immersion in PBS(-). The CP-Ti plates coated with the calcium phosphate films were placed on the mandible of male Japanese white rabbits. These results suggest that the calcium phosphate coating improves the biocompatibility of titanium implants with bone.

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TiO2/PCL Hybrid Layers Prepared via Sol-Gel Dip Coating for the Surface Modification of Titanium Implants: Characterization and Bioactivity Evaluation

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.760.353 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 760 ◽

pp. 353-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Michelina Catauro ◽

Flavia Bollino ◽

Ferdinando Papale ◽

Giuseppe Lamanna

Keyword(s):

Sol Gel ◽

Pure Titanium ◽

Dip Coating ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Human Blood Plasma ◽

Commercially Pure Titanium ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Titanium Grade ◽

Dip Coating Technique

When bioactive coatings are applied to medical implants by means of sol-gel dip coating technique, the biological proprieties of the implant surface can be modified to match the properties of the surrounding tissues. In this study, sol-gel method is used to synthesized organic-inorganic nanocomposites materials consisting of an inorganic titania matrix in which 10 wt% of a biodegradable polymer, the poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL), was incorporated. The synthesized materials, in sol phase, were used to dip-coat a commercially pure titanium grade 4 substrate in order to improve its surface biological properties. Materials were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and a morphological analysis of the obtained films was performed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Coating bioactivity was investigated by soaking coated substrates in a fluid simulating the human blood plasma (SBF) and successively evaluating the formation of a hydroxyapatite layer on their surface by means of SEM/EDX (energy dispersive X-ray).

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Studying Biomimetic Coated Niobium as an Alternative Dental Implant Material to Titanium (in vitro and in vivo study)

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.15.3.253-261 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 253-261

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Dental Implant ◽

Body Fluid ◽

Pure Titanium ◽

Commercially Pure Titanium ◽

Removal Torque ◽

X Ray ◽

Commercially Pure ◽

Implant Material

Commercially pure titanium (cpTi) is widely used as dental implant material although it was found that titanium exhibited high modulus of elasticity and the lower corrosion tendency in oral environment. Niobium(Nb) was chosen for this study as an alternative to cpTi implant material due to its bioinert behavior and good elastic modulus and moderate cost in addition to corrosion resistance. This study was done to evaluate the effect of biomimetic coating on the surface properties of the commercially pure titanium and niobium implants by in vitro and in vivo experiments. The in vitro study was involved etching the samples of each material in HCl then soaking in 10M NaOH aqueous solution. These samples were then immersed in a 5 times concentrated simulated body fluid for 14 days. Scanning Electron Microscope, Energy Dispersive X-ray, and X-Ray Diffraction tests were done to analyze surface changes. The in vivo study was done by the implantation of screw-shaped implants (two from each material, uncoated and the other was biomimetically coated) in the tibias of New Zealand rabbits. After 2 and 4 weeks of healing period, 20 rabbits were sacrificed for each period. A removal torque was done for ten animals in each group, whereas the other ten were used for histological testing and histomorphometric analysis with optical microscope.The in vitro experiments showed that the use of 14 days immersion in a concentrated simulated body fluid produced a layer of calcium phosphate on metal surfaces. The removal torque values and new bone formation were increased significantly in Nb than Ti, in coated than uncoated screws, and in 4 weeks than 2 weeks healing periods. The Nb implants had better biomechanical and biological properties than the commercially pure titanium implants and can be used as an alternative dental implant.

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Novel Silicon Based Anodic Spark Deposition Treatment for Dental Implant

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.1434 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 47-50 ◽

pp. 1434-1437

Author(s):

Lertrit Sarinnaphakorn ◽

Patrick Mesquida ◽

Roberto Chiesa ◽

C. Giordano ◽

Michael Fenlon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pure Titanium ◽

Biological Response ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Control Surface ◽

Commercially Pure Titanium ◽

Titanium Surfaces ◽

Silicon Based ◽

And Control ◽

Control Surfaces

Surface treated titanium implants are increasingly being used in dental and orthopaedic applications. This study examined the biological response of primary human alveolar osteoblast (aHOB) cells to a novel silicon based anodic spark deposition treated titanium surfaces. Three different titanium surfaces were investigated: anodic spark deposition (ASD) with silicon based (ASDSi), BioSpark™ (BS), and chemically etched (BioRough™, BR). Commercially pure titanium (cpTi) was the non-treated control surface. Physiological and biological evaluations were conducted on all test and control surfaces. Surface scanning (SEM, EDS, and AFM) confirmed a nano-topography, which was textured for all surfaces; and similar surface chemical composition (Ca and P), of significant was the Si peak on the ASDSi surface. Cell morphological study (SEM) showed good adhere and spreading over the surface, with metabolically active cells having extended filopodia. Biological response was observed with cell proliferation on all test surfaces for the period studied. Proliferation rate was seen to increase with time. This initial favourable cell response will be of benefit in the long term osseointegration of the implant surfaces.

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A Biocompatible Titanium Headpost for Stabilizing Behaving Monkeys

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.00102.2007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 98 (2) ◽

pp. 993-1001 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Daniel L. Adams ◽

John R. Economides ◽

Cristina M. Jocson ◽

Jonathan C. Horton

Keyword(s):

Rhesus Monkeys ◽

Pure Titanium ◽

Commercially Pure Titanium ◽

Excellent Performance ◽

Commercially Pure ◽

Titanium Screws ◽

Single Piece ◽

Dental Acrylic ◽

Behaving Monkeys ◽

Outer Table

Many neurophysiological experiments involving monkeys require that the head be stabilized while the animal performs a task. Often a post is attached to the skull to accomplish this goal, using a headcap formed from dental acrylic. We describe a new headpost, developed by refinement of several prototypes, and supply an AutoCAD file to aid in machine shop production. This headpost is fabricated from a single piece of commercially pure titanium. It has a footplate consisting of four limbs arranged in the configuration of a “K.” These are bent during surgery to match the curvature of the skull and attached with specialized titanium bone screws. Headposts were implanted in seven rhesus monkeys ranging in age from 2 yr to adult. None has been rejected after up to 17 mo of regular use. They require little or no daily toilette and create only a 0.80-cm2 defect in the scalp. Computed tomography after implantation showed that the skull undergoes remodeling to embed the footplate in bone. This finding was confirmed by necropsy in two subjects. The outer table of the skull had grown over the titanium footplate, whereas the inner table had thickened to bury the tips of the titanium screws. The remarkable strength of the skull/implant bond was demonstrated by applying increasing amounts of torque to the headpost. At 26.3 Nm, the headpost tore from its metal footplate, but no screws came loose. The excellent performance of this implant is explained by integration of biocompatible titanium into remodeled bone tissue. The headpost is simpler to implant, more securely anchored, easier to maintain, and less obtrusive than devices attached with acrylic.

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