scholarly journals Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Properties of Iranian Sea Salts: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nima Motallaei ◽  
Mohsen Yazdanian ◽  
Hamid Tebyaniyan ◽  
Elahe Tahmasebi ◽  
Mostafa Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sea Salts ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
E Coli

Background. Dental caries is known as a multimicrobial disease. Caries are very prevalent in numerous countries, and the incidence is higher in underdeveloped countries than in developed countries. Dental caries is a major public health problem, and it is the most prevalent health problem across the world, affecting 2.4 billion people. Natural mouthwashes can be beneficial in the prevention of dental caries and oral infections without the side effects of synthetic mouthwashes. Aim. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxicity properties of sea salt from different areas of Iran. Methods and Materials. Sea salts from different areas (Urmia, Qom, and Jarquyeh) of Iran were collected. In order to define the elemental and mineralogical features of different salt samples, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) was employed. Different concentrations (0.19–50 mg/mL) of sea salt were used in the antimicrobial and antibiofilm tests. The antimicrobial (MIC, MBC, MFC, and DAD tests) and antibiofilm (formation and degradation tests) effects were evaluated against L. acidophilus, S. aureus, E. coli, S. mitis, S. mutans, S. salivarius, and C. albicans. The cytotoxic effect of salts was evaluated on human gingival fibroblasts by the MTT test. Results. The range of MIC values in mg ml−1 was as follows: S. salivarius (50), S. mutans (50), S. mitis (50), L. acidophilus (12.5 to >50), C. albicans (50), E. coli (12.5 to 25), and S. aureus (12.5 to 25), while MBC values were, S. mutans (>50), S. salivarius (>50), S. mitis (>50), L. acidophilus (50 to >50), C. albicans (>50), E. coli (50), and S. aureus (50). MTT results showed that more than 50% of cell viability depends on decreasing the salt concentration (<1.56 mg/ml). Conclusion. Sea salts had significant antimicrobial effects on cariogenic bacteria and C. albicans. Therefore, sea salts can be a suitable candidate for mouthwash.

Development of new dinuclear Fe(III) coordination compounds with in vitro nanomolar antitrypanosomal activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Figuerôa Moreira ◽  
Juliana de Araujo Portes ◽  
Nathalia Florencia Barros Azeredo ◽  
Christiane Fernandes ◽  
Adolfo Horn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Coordination Compounds ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Neglected Tropical Disease ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Protozoan Pathogen

Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi. The disease is the major public health problem affecting about 6 to 7 million people worldwide,...

scholarly journals Smoking in Latin America: a major public health problem

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (suppl 3) ◽  
pp. S109-S115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Luiza da Costa e Silva ◽  
Sergio Koifman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Lung Cancer Mortality ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Tobacco Epidemic ◽  
Latin American Countries

Smoking has become a major public health problem in Latin America, and its scope varies from country to country. Despite difficulties in obtaining methodologically consistent data for the region, we analyzed the results from prevalence surveys in 14 Latin American countries. Smoking prevalence among men varied from 24.1% (Paraguay) to 66.3% (Dominican Republic) and among women from 5.5% (Paraguay) to 26,6% (Uruguay). By applying point prevalence data to the stage model of the tobacco epidemic in developed countries, we concluded that the Latin American countries are in stage 2, i.e., with a clearly rising prevalence among men, a prevalence for women that is beginning to increase, and mortality attributable to smoking among men still not reflecting peak prevalence. None of the countries analyzed appeared to have reached stage 3, in which one observes a downward trend in prevalence of smoking among men and peak prevalence among women, with broad impact on tobacco-related mortality. The only exception appears to be Paraguay, which is still emerging from stage 1, i.e., with low prevalence rates among men, too. Nevertheless, high lung cancer mortality rates in Uruguay and Argentina are comparable to those of the developed countries.

scholarly journals EFFICACY OF CHAKRAMARDA PATRA SWARASA (CASSIA TORA LINN) AND DADHI IN KRIMIJA ATISARAM: A PRECLINICAL APPROACH

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 212-217
Author(s):  
Sreelekshmi S ◽  
Priya S ◽  
Priyalatha B
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Trial Group ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Scientific Validity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Diarrhoea is a major public health problem especially in developing countries. The signs and symptoms of Diarrhoea can nearly be co-related to Atisara. Diarrhoea caused by bacterial pathogens can be equated with the lakshanas seen in Krimija Atisara. Hetu vyadhi pratyanika chikitsa is explained by Acharya Sushruta for treating Krimija Atisara. In Yogamritam Atisara chikitsa Adhikara; it is explained that Chakramarda patra Swarasa, taken along with Dadhi is effective in Atisara. Hence, the study has been undertaken as a pre-clinical step- In vitro Agar well diffusion model, Microorganisms used for the study are E coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Two trial groups were included in this study; trial group 1- Chakramarda patra Swarasa alone, Trial group 2- Chakramarda patra Swarasa with Dadhi. Gentamicin was used as Standard. It was observed that the 2 trial groups showed Zone of inhibition against E coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Both the trial groups showed More Zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus than E coli. Mean zone of inhibition of the 2 trial groups was found to be lower as compared to that of Mean zone of inhibition of the standard against E coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Student ’t’ test is used to analyze the data. The ‘t’ value is not statistically significant at the level of P < 0.05. Hence null hypothesis is accepted and alternate hypothesis is rejected.This article aims to give a scientific validity to usage of Chakramarda patra Swarasa with Dadhi in Krimija Atisara.

scholarly journals Obesity and Disease Association: A Review

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanjila Tahmin Sarnali ◽  
Md Moyenuddin PK
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Disease Association ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health Problem

Obesity is a major public health problem which is not only confined to developed countries but has now become an important public health problem in developing countries like Bangladesh also. High calorie intake in diet due to increased consumption of refined sugars, sweetened beverages, vegetable oils, chunk and fast food and lack of physical activity, absence of play ground (open-spaces), sedantery life style all play a role in the development of obesity. Excess adiposity also known as obesity and excess body weight are associated with increased association with different types of diseases like type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemias, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and cancer. This review article highlights the pathogenesis, disease association with obesity. Key words: Obesity; Disease Association; Public Health Problem DOI: 10.3329/akmmcj.v1i2.7461 Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal 2010; 1(2): 21-24

Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Compounds for Diabetes Management: Important Advances for Drug Discovery

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kondeti Ramudu Shanmugam ◽  
Bhasha Shanmugam ◽  
Gangigunta Venkatasubbaiah ◽  
Sahukari Ravi ◽  
Kesireddy Sathyavelu Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Major Public Health Problem

Background : Diabetes is a major public health problem in the world. It affects each and every part of the human body and also leads to organ failure. Hence, great progress made in the field of herbal medicine and diabetic research. Objectives: Our review will focus on the effect of bioactive compounds of medicinal plants which are used to treat diabetes in India and other countries. Methods: Information regarding diabetes, oxidative stress, medicinal plants and bioactive compounds were collected from different search engines like Science direct, Springer, Wiley online library, Taylor and francis, Bentham Science, Pubmed and Google scholar. Data was analyzed and summarized in the review. Results and Conclusion: Anti-diabetic drugs that are in use have many side effects on vital organs like heart, liver, kidney and brain. There is an urgent need for alternative medicine to treat diabetes and their disorders. In India and other countries herbal medicine was used to treat diabetes. Many herbal plants have antidiabetic effects. The plants like ginger, phyllanthus, curcumin, aswagandha, aloe, hibiscus and curcuma showed significant anti-hyperglycemic activities in experimental models and humans. The bioactive compounds like Allicin, azadirachtin, cajanin, curcumin, querceitin, gingerol possesses anti-diabetic, antioxidant and other pharmacological properties. This review focuses on the role of bioactive compounds of medicinal plants in prevention and management of diabetes. Conclusion: Moreover, our review suggests that bioactive compounds have the potential therapeutic potential against diabetes. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to validate these findings.

scholarly journals Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of (Piperidin-1-yl)quinolin-3-yl)methylene)hydrazinecarbothioamides as Potent Inhibitors of Cholinesterases: A Biochemical and In Silico Approach

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 656
Author(s):  
Rubina Munir ◽  
Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman ◽  
Shahzad Murtaza ◽  
Sumera Zaib ◽  
Noman Javid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Dual Inhibitor ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Ic50 Values

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by central cognitive dysfunction, memory loss, and intellectual decline poses a major public health problem affecting millions of people around the globe. Despite several clinically approved drugs and development of anti-Alzheimer’s heterocyclic structural leads, the treatment of AD requires safer hybrid therapeutics with characteristic structural and biochemical properties. In this endeavor, we herein report a microwave-assisted synthesis of a library of quinoline thiosemicarbazones endowed with a piperidine moiety, achieved via the condensation of 6/8-methyl-2-(piperidin-1-yl)quinoline-3-carbaldehydes and (un)substituted thiosemicarbazides. The target N-heterocyclic products were isolated in excellent yields. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were fully established using readily available spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, 1H- and 13C-NMR). Anti-Alzheimer potential of the synthesized heterocyclic compounds was evaluated using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. The in vitro biochemical assay results revealed several compounds as potent inhibitors of both enzymes. Among them, five compounds exhibited IC50 values less than 20 μM. N-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-((8-methyl-2-(piperidin-1-yl)quinolin-3-yl)methylene)hydrazine carbothioamide emerged as the most potent dual inhibitor of AChE and BChE with IC50 values of 9.68 and 11.59 μM, respectively. Various informative structure–activity relationship (SAR) analyses were also concluded indicating the critical role of substitution pattern on the inhibitory efficacy of the tested derivatives. In vitro results were further validated through molecular docking analysis where interactive behavior of the potent inhibitors within the active pocket of enzymes was established. Quinoline thiosemicarbazones were also tested for their cytotoxicity using MTT assay against HepG2 cells. Among the 26 novel compounds, there were five cytotoxical and 18 showed proliferative properties.

scholarly journals Six Year Trend Analysis of Malaria Prevalence at University of Gondar Specialized Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, from 2014-2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanuel Mulugeta ◽  
Atsede Assefa ◽  
Atsede Eshetie ◽  
Birhanie Asmare ◽  
Meseret Birhanie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Problem ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Predominant Species

Abstract Background: Malaria is disease caused by plasmodium species and transmitted by the bite of female anopheles mosquito. Globally, it is still the major public health problem that causes morbidity and mortality especially in tropical and sub-tropical African countries including Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to assess the Six year trend of malaria at University of Gondar Specialized Referral Hospital, northwest Ethiopia, from 2014-2019Method: A retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the laboratory registration logbook at University of Gondar Specialized Referral Hospital by using data extraction tool. The data was analysized by SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the socio-demographic characteristics of study participants and presented by graphs, tables and texts. The binary logistic regression was also used test the association of trend of malaria and different factors like sex, age, year, and season. Result: From a total 17,500 malaria suspected patients, 1341 (7.7%) were confirmed for malaria and (47.2%), (45.6%) and (7.2%) were P.vivax, P. falciparum and mixed infection, respectively. P.vivax was the predominant species in the first three years and P. falciparum became the predominant species in the last three years. The trend prevalence was showed a fluctuated significantly decrement. It decreased by 68%, 60% and 69% in the year of 2017, 2018 and 2019 compare to 2014, respectively. The positivity rate were significantly higher in the males (1.41 times higher) than females. It was also significantly higher in lower age groups compare to the older age groups (> 54 years old). It was 1.60, 1.64, 2.45 and 1.82 times higher in the age group of < 5, 5-14, 15-24 and 25-54 years old, respectively.Conclusion: There has been a significant declining trend of malaria in the study area. However, it is still a major health problem and requires extra efforts for further reduction. Even, autumn was the season when the highest peak of malaria cases in was observed, there was high fluctuation from year to year. Therefore, control activities should be continued and strengthened manner in the study area considering these variability.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document