scholarly journals Hydrogen Sulfide Restored the Diurnal Variation in Cardiac Function of Aging Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Huaxing Zhang ◽  
Jing Dai ◽  
Danyang Tian ◽  
Lin Xiao ◽  
Hongmei Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Old Mice ◽  
Fractional Shortening ◽  
Plasma Malondialdehyde

The present study was performed to investigate whether H2S could restore the diurnal variation in cardiac function of aging mice and explore the potential mechanisms. We found that ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) in 3-month-old mice exhibited diurnal variations over a 24-hour period. However, the diurnal variations were disrupted in 18-month-old mice, and there was a decline in EF and FS. In addition, the plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were increased, and H2S concentrations and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were decreased in 18-month-old mice. Then, CSE KO mice were used to determine if there was a relationship between endogenous H2S and diurnal variations in EF and FS. There was no difference in 12-hour averaged EF and FS between dark and light periods in CSE KO mice accompanying increased MDA levels and decreased SOD activities in plasma, indicating that deficiency of endogenous H2S blunted diurnal variations of cardiac function. To determine whether oxidative stress disrupted the diurnal variations in cardiac function, D-galactose-induced subacute aging mice were employed. After 3-month D-gal treatment, both 12-hour averaged EF and FS in dark or light periods were decreased; meanwhile, there was no difference in 12-hour averaged EF and FS between dark and light periods. After 3-month NaHS treatment in the D-gal group, the plasma MDA levels were decreased and SOD activities were increased. The EF and FS were lower during the 12-hour light period than those during the 12-hour dark period which was fit to sine curves in the D-gal+NaHS group. Identical findings were also observed in 18-month-old mice. In conclusion, our studies revealed that the disrupted diurnal variation in cardiac function was associated with increased oxidative stress and decreased H2S levels in aging mice. H2S could restore the diurnal variation in cardiac function of aging mice by reducing oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Diurnal Variation in Chilling Sensitivity of Tomato Seedlings

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanogwan Kerdnaimongkol ◽  
Anju Bhatia ◽  
Robert J. Joly ◽  
William R. Woodson
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Chilling Tolerance ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Chilling Sensitivity

Diurnal variation in the chilling sensitivity of `Rutgers' tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedlings was examined. Chilling sensitivity was highest in seedlings chilled at the end of the dark period, and these seedlings became more resistant to chilling injury on exposure to the light. The development of chilling tolerance in tomato seedlings was a response to light and not under the control of a circadian rhythm. The recovery of leaf gas exchange following chilling was faster in seedlings chilled at the end of the light period. Diurnal variation in chilling sensitivity was associated with changes in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. An increase in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities was observed at the end of the light period. Catalase activity was significantly higher in all stages of chilling following the light period compared to those chilled after the end of the dark period. Forty-eight hours of 14 °C acclimation or pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide conferred increased chilling tolerance to tomato seedlings. Hydrogen peroxide-treated seedlings showed little evidence of a diurnal variation in chilling sensitivity. These results support a role for light and oxidative stress in conferring increased chilling tolerance to tomato seedlings.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Chilling Tolerance in Tomato Seedlings

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 645b-645
Author(s):  
Kanogwan Kerdnaimongkol ◽  
Anju Bhatia ◽  
Robert J. Joly ◽  
William R. Woodson
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Chilling Tolerance ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Chilling Sensitivity

Diurnal variation in the chilling sensitivity of tomato seedlings was examined. Sensitivity to chilling in tomato seedlings is a response to light and not under the control of a circadian rhythm. Chilling sensitivity is highest in seedlings chilled at the end of the dark period, and these seedlings become more resistant to chilling injury upon exposure to the light. Diurnal variation in chilling sensitivity was associated with changes in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. The results show an increase in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities at the end of the light period. The recovery of the net photosynthesis rate following chilling was faster in seedlings chilled at the end of the light period. It is suggested that an increase in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities at the end of light period before the chilling plays a role in the resistance to chilling stress in tomato seedlings. Forty-eight hours of 14°C acclimation or hydrogen peroxide pretreatment conferred chilling tolerance to tomato seedlings and were correlated with elevated catalase activity. Acclimated seedlings still exhibited diurnal variation in chilling sensitivity while hydrogen peroxide treated seedlings showed little evidence of a diurnal variation in chilling sensitivity. Transgenic tomato plants expressing an antisense catalase gene were generated. A several-fold decrease in total catalase has been detected in the leaf extracts of transformants. Preliminary analysis of these plants indicated that modification of reactive oxygen species scavenging in plant system can lead to change in oxidative stress tolerance.

Diurnal Variation in the Response of the Mandible to Orthopedic Force

2002 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 711-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Yamada ◽  
S. Saeki ◽  
I. Takahashi ◽  
K. Igarashi ◽  
H. Shinoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Considerable Reduction ◽  
Cartilage Metabolism ◽  
Differentiation And Proliferation ◽  
And Cartilage

Bone and cartilage metabolism is known to be more active during rest than during periods of activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the hypothesis that mandibular retractive force could be more effective when applied to rats during rest. Mandibular retractive force caused a considerable reduction in the condylar length in experimental groups, and the magnitude of this reduction was greater in the Light-period (08:00-20:00) group than in the Dark-period (20:00-08:00) group. The differentiation and proliferation of chondrocytes were inhibited in animals in the Light-period group, compared with those in the Dark-period group. These results suggest that the orthopedic effects of mandibular retractive force vary depending on the time of day the force is applied, and that such force may be more effective while animals are resting than while they are active.

scholarly journals Levels of Malondialdehyde and Superoxide Dismutase in Subclinical Hyperthyroidism

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Cetinkaya ◽  
Ergul Belge Kurutas ◽  
Mehmet Akif Buyukbese ◽  
Bulent Kantarceken ◽  
Ertan Bulbuloglu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Subclinical Hyperthyroidism ◽  
Antioxidative Response ◽  
Erythrocyte Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Plasma Malondialdehyde

We aimed to determine whether patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism (SH) are subject to oxidative stress. Twenty-two women and 8 men having endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism for a duration of at least 6 months, and 21 women and 9 men healthy controls were included in this study. We measured the level of plasma malondialdehyde, as one of the lipid peroxidation markers, and the activity of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, which is an antioxidant enzyme. The activity of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and plasma malondialdehyde levels were found to be significantly higher in subjects with subclinical hyperthyroidism than the control group (P<.01). The results of this study suggest that oxidative stress and antioxidative response could be increased in patients having subclinical hyperthyroidism.

scholarly journals Klotho Deficiency Causes Heart Aging via Impairing the Nrf2-GR Pathway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Chen ◽  
Shirley Wang ◽  
Qiwei Wilton Sun ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Mujib Fnu Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Cardiac Aging ◽  
Heart Size ◽  
Old Mice ◽  
Fractional Shortening

Rationale: Cardiac aging is an important contributing factor for heart failure which affects a large population but remains poorly understood. Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether Klotho plays a role in cardiac aging. Methods and Results: Heart function declined in old mice (24 months), as evidenced by decreases in fractional shortening, ejection fraction, and cardiac output. Heart size and weight, cardiomyocyte size and cardiac fibrosis were increased in old mice, indicating that aging causes cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling. Circulating Klotho levels were dramatically decreased in old mice, which prompted us to investigate whether the Klotho decline may cause heart aging. We found that Klotho gene mutation (KL-/-) largely decreased serum klotho levels and impaired heart function. Interestingly, supplement of exogenous secreted Klotho prevented heart failure, hypertrophy, and remodeling in both old mice and KL (-/-) mice. Secreted Klotho treatment inhibited excessive cardiac oxidative stress, senescence and apoptosis in old mice and KL (-/-) mice. Serum phosphate levels in KL (-/-) mice were kept in the normal range, suggesting that Klotho deficiency-induced heart aging is independent of phosphate metabolism. Mechanistically, Klotho deficiency suppressed glutathione reductase (GR) expression and activity in the heart via inhibition of transcription factor Nrf2. Furthermore, cardiac-specific overexpression of GR prevented excessive oxidative stress, apoptosis, and heart failure in both old and KL (-/-) mice. Conclusions: Klotho deficiency causes cardiac aging via impairing the Nrf2-GR pathway. Supplement of exogenous secreted Klotho represents a promising therapeutic strategy for aging-associated cardiomyopathy and heart failure.

scholarly journals Levels of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde in primary spontaneous pneumothorax

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erhan Tabakoglu ◽  
Senturk Ciftci ◽  
Osman Nuri Hatipoglu ◽  
Gündeniz Altıay ◽  
Tuncay Caglar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Erythrocyte Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Plasma Malondialdehyde ◽  
Smoking Attitudes

THE aim of the present study is to determine whether patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) are subject to oxidative stress. For this purpose, we measured the activities of red blood cell superoxide dismutase, which is an antioxidant enzyme, and the level of plasma malondialdehyde, which is one of the lipid peroxidation markers, in a group of patients with PSP. The study was carried out with 16 patients with PSP and 24 healthy individuals. The two groups were similar to each other in terms of sex, age and smoking attitudes. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity was found to be significantly lower in patients with PSP than in the control group (p<0.01). The plasma malondialdehyde levels were significantly high in patients with PSP (p<0.01). Our results suggest that oxidative stress may contribute to the pathogenesis of PSP.

Abstract 188: Contractile Function and Myofilament Proteins of the Naked Mole-rat Heart Show Resistance to Oxidative Stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly M Grimes ◽  
David Barefield ◽  
David A Kramer ◽  
Sakthivel Sadayappan ◽  
Rochelle Buffenstein
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Cardiac Reserve ◽  
Mole Rat ◽  
Naked Mole Rat ◽  
Fractional Shortening

The naked mole-rat (NMR) is the longest-lived rodent, with a maximum lifespan of >31 years. Unlike every other mammal studied to date, this species withstands cardiovascular structural and functional changes for at least 75% of its lifespan. Due to the intersection of oxidative stress, aging, and cardiovascular disease, we questioned if NMRs were more resistant to oxidative stress-induced cardiac dysfunction compared to short-lived mice. Echocardiography showed that 7 days after a 20 mg/kg dose of doxorubicin (DOX), mice had a 25% decline in fractional shortening (36 ± 1% to 27 ± 2%). In contrast, the fractional shortening of NMRs was unchanged with DOX treatment (27 ± 1%). Previously we observed that while basal cardiac function is low, NMRs have a robust cardiac reserve, displaying a 1.7 fold increase in fractional shortening under exercise-like conditions. DOX-treated NMRs had a significant reduction in their dobutamine response, signifying a diminished cardiac reserve. Intriguingly, we found no changes in phosphorylation or expression of myofilament proteins in the NMR heart with DOX treatment. Mice on the other hand, increased the phosphorylation of cardiac myosin binding protein-C and switched expression from predominantly α-myosin heavy chain to the β-isoform. Electron microscopy showed that DOX caused marked mitochondrial swelling and loss of cristae as well as massive cardiac myofibrillar disarray in mice. Conversely, DOX-treated NMRs had only slight alterations to myofilament structure. NMRs additionally had twofold higher levels of glutathione in their hearts, indicating a high antioxidant capacity. These findings reveal that long-lived NMRs are less susceptible to oxidative stress-induced cardiac dysfunction than mice. The NMR’s low basal cardiac function, unique regulation of myofilament proteins, and high glutathione levels may all be integral in the species’ ability to withstand oxidative damage and preserve cardiac function well into its third decade of life.

Immunocytochemical studies on the behavior of RuBisCO and LHCP II during the cell cycle of synchronized Euglena gracilis

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 662-663
Author(s):  
Tetsuaki Osafune ◽  
Shuji Sumida ◽  
Tomoko Ehara ◽  
Eiji Hase ◽  
Jerome A. Schiff
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Immunoelectron Microscopy ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Euglena Gracilis ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Carboxylase Activity ◽  
Immunocytochemical Studies ◽  
Lhcp Ii

Changes in the morphology of pyrenoid and the distribution of RuBisCO in the chloroplast of Euglena gracilis were followed by immunoelectron microscopy during the cell cycle in a light (14 h)- dark (10 h) synchronized culture under photoautotrophic conditions. The imrnunoreactive proteins wereconcentrated in the pyrenoid, and less densely distributed in the stroma during the light period (growth phase, Fig. 1-2), but the pyrenoid disappeared during the dark period (division phase), and RuBisCO was dispersed throughout the stroma. Toward the end of the division phase, the pyrenoid began to form in the center of the stroma, and RuBisCO is again concentrated in that pyrenoid region. From a comparison of photosynthetic CO2-fixation with the total carboxylase activity of RuBisCO extracted from Euglena cells in the growth phase, it is suggested that the carboxylase in the pyrenoid functions in CO2-fixation in photosynthesis.

State of the enzyme link of antioxidant protection in boys with hypoandrogenism

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
L. K. Parkhomenko ◽  
◽  
L. A. Strashok ◽  
S. I. Turchina ◽  
G. V. Kosovtsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
Conjugated Dienes ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Radical Oxidation

Recently, interest in the problem of free radical oxidation in biological membranes, which is directly related to both the normal functioning of cells and the occurrence, course and outcome of many pathological conditions, has increased again in clinical medicine. The aim was to determine the role and impact of antioxidant defense in boys with hypoandrogenism. The study involved 75 adolescents with hypoandrogenism aged 13–18 years, who underwent a complex of clinical and laboratory examinations. All patients were conducted complex of anthropometric research and determination of the degree of delayed puberty, laboratory and instrumental examination. Free radical oxidation was determined by the levels of malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes, carbonated proteins, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the serum, and restored glutathione and glutathione peroxidase in whole blood. Based on their determination, the coefficient of oxidative stress was calculated. Statistical processing of results was performed using parametric and nonparametric methods. The study of indicators of the free radical oxidation process found that adolescents with hypoandrogenism have multidirectional changes in the oxidation of proteins and lipids, namely: the level of conjugated dienes increases, the concentration of malondialdehyde remains at the level of the control group, and the level of carbonated proteins tends to decrease. As for the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes, a significant decrease in the level of glutathione peroxidase was detected, while the level of superoxide dismutase and catalase remained at the level of normative indicators. Oxidative stress accompanies and is one of the pathogenetic links in the formation or maintenance of the state of hypoandrogenism in boys. This requires the use of antioxidants, the complex of which must be selected individually.

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