Oxidative Stress and Diurnal Variation in Chilling Sensitivity of Tomato Seedlings

Diurnal variation in the chilling sensitivity of `Rutgers' tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedlings was examined. Chilling sensitivity was highest in seedlings chilled at the end of the dark period, and these seedlings became more resistant to chilling injury on exposure to the light. The development of chilling tolerance in tomato seedlings was a response to light and not under the control of a circadian rhythm. The recovery of leaf gas exchange following chilling was faster in seedlings chilled at the end of the light period. Diurnal variation in chilling sensitivity was associated with changes in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. An increase in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities was observed at the end of the light period. Catalase activity was significantly higher in all stages of chilling following the light period compared to those chilled after the end of the dark period. Forty-eight hours of 14 °C acclimation or pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide conferred increased chilling tolerance to tomato seedlings. Hydrogen peroxide-treated seedlings showed little evidence of a diurnal variation in chilling sensitivity. These results support a role for light and oxidative stress in conferring increased chilling tolerance to tomato seedlings.

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Oxidative Stress and Chilling Tolerance in Tomato Seedlings

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.4.645b ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 645b-645

Author(s):

Kanogwan Kerdnaimongkol ◽

Anju Bhatia ◽

Robert J. Joly ◽

William R. Woodson

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Diurnal Variation ◽

Chilling Stress ◽

Chilling Injury ◽

Chilling Tolerance ◽

Light Period ◽

Tomato Seedlings ◽

Chilling Sensitivity

Diurnal variation in the chilling sensitivity of tomato seedlings was examined. Sensitivity to chilling in tomato seedlings is a response to light and not under the control of a circadian rhythm. Chilling sensitivity is highest in seedlings chilled at the end of the dark period, and these seedlings become more resistant to chilling injury upon exposure to the light. Diurnal variation in chilling sensitivity was associated with changes in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. The results show an increase in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities at the end of the light period. The recovery of the net photosynthesis rate following chilling was faster in seedlings chilled at the end of the light period. It is suggested that an increase in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities at the end of light period before the chilling plays a role in the resistance to chilling stress in tomato seedlings. Forty-eight hours of 14°C acclimation or hydrogen peroxide pretreatment conferred chilling tolerance to tomato seedlings and were correlated with elevated catalase activity. Acclimated seedlings still exhibited diurnal variation in chilling sensitivity while hydrogen peroxide treated seedlings showed little evidence of a diurnal variation in chilling sensitivity. Transgenic tomato plants expressing an antisense catalase gene were generated. A several-fold decrease in total catalase has been detected in the leaf extracts of transformants. Preliminary analysis of these plants indicated that modification of reactive oxygen species scavenging in plant system can lead to change in oxidative stress tolerance.

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Hydrogen Sulfide Restored the Diurnal Variation in Cardiac Function of Aging Mice

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2021/8841575 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Huaxing Zhang ◽

Jing Dai ◽

Danyang Tian ◽

Lin Xiao ◽

Hongmei Xue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Cardiac Function ◽

Diurnal Variation ◽

Dark Period ◽

Diurnal Variations ◽

Light Period ◽

Old Mice ◽

Fractional Shortening ◽

Plasma Malondialdehyde

The present study was performed to investigate whether H2S could restore the diurnal variation in cardiac function of aging mice and explore the potential mechanisms. We found that ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) in 3-month-old mice exhibited diurnal variations over a 24-hour period. However, the diurnal variations were disrupted in 18-month-old mice, and there was a decline in EF and FS. In addition, the plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were increased, and H2S concentrations and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were decreased in 18-month-old mice. Then, CSE KO mice were used to determine if there was a relationship between endogenous H2S and diurnal variations in EF and FS. There was no difference in 12-hour averaged EF and FS between dark and light periods in CSE KO mice accompanying increased MDA levels and decreased SOD activities in plasma, indicating that deficiency of endogenous H2S blunted diurnal variations of cardiac function. To determine whether oxidative stress disrupted the diurnal variations in cardiac function, D-galactose-induced subacute aging mice were employed. After 3-month D-gal treatment, both 12-hour averaged EF and FS in dark or light periods were decreased; meanwhile, there was no difference in 12-hour averaged EF and FS between dark and light periods. After 3-month NaHS treatment in the D-gal group, the plasma MDA levels were decreased and SOD activities were increased. The EF and FS were lower during the 12-hour light period than those during the 12-hour dark period which was fit to sine curves in the D-gal+NaHS group. Identical findings were also observed in 18-month-old mice. In conclusion, our studies revealed that the disrupted diurnal variation in cardiac function was associated with increased oxidative stress and decreased H2S levels in aging mice. H2S could restore the diurnal variation in cardiac function of aging mice by reducing oxidative stress.

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Redox Status in Women with Rheumathoid Arthritis

Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research ◽

10.2478/sjecr-2018-0047 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aleksandra Vranic ◽

Aleksandra Antovic ◽

Nevena Draginic ◽

Marijana Andjic ◽

Marko Ravic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Oxidative Stress ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Cartilage Damage ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Redox Status ◽

Female Population

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess oxidative status and to set baseline characteristics for female population with established rheumatoid arthritis. Total of 42 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 48 age- and sex-matched controls were included in the study. Clinical examination was performed and assessed disease activity. Peripheral blood samples were used for all the assays. The markers of oxidative stress were assessed, including plasma levels of index of lipid peroxidation - thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion radical, nitrites and activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione levels as antioxidant parameters. In the patients group, levels of hydrogen peroxide and index of lipid peroxidation were higher than in controls. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis had decreased superoxide dismutase and catalase activity compared to healthy subjects. Interestingly, controls had higher levels of nitrites compared to patients. Patients showed a marked increase in reactive oxygen species formation and lipid peroxidation as well as decrease in the activity of antioxidant defense system leading to oxidative stress which may contribute to tissue and cartilage damage and hence to the chronicity of the disease.

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Diurnal Variation in the Response of the Mandible to Orthopedic Force

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/154405910208101011 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 81 (10) ◽

pp. 711-715 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

S. Yamada ◽

S. Saeki ◽

I. Takahashi ◽

K. Igarashi ◽

H. Shinoda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diurnal Variation ◽

Dark Period ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Light Period ◽

Considerable Reduction ◽

Cartilage Metabolism ◽

Differentiation And Proliferation ◽

And Cartilage

Bone and cartilage metabolism is known to be more active during rest than during periods of activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the hypothesis that mandibular retractive force could be more effective when applied to rats during rest. Mandibular retractive force caused a considerable reduction in the condylar length in experimental groups, and the magnitude of this reduction was greater in the Light-period (08:00-20:00) group than in the Dark-period (20:00-08:00) group. The differentiation and proliferation of chondrocytes were inhibited in animals in the Light-period group, compared with those in the Dark-period group. These results suggest that the orthopedic effects of mandibular retractive force vary depending on the time of day the force is applied, and that such force may be more effective while animals are resting than while they are active.

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The catalase and superoxide dismutase genes are transcriptionally up-regulated upon oxidative stress in the strictly anaerobic archaeon Methanosarcina barkeri

Microbiology ◽

10.1099/mic.0.28542-0 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 152 (6) ◽

pp. 1671-1677 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Andrei L. Brioukhanov ◽

Alexander I. Netrusov ◽

Rik I. L. Eggen

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Adaptive Response ◽

Methanosarcina Barkeri ◽

Strictly Anaerobic ◽

Dot Blot ◽

Oxidative Stresses ◽

Stress Agent ◽

Dot Blot Analysis

Methanosarcina barkeri is a strictly anaerobic methanogenic archaeon, which can survive oxidative stress. The oxidative stress agent paraquat (PQ) suppressed growth of M. barkeri at concentrations of 50–200 μM. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) inhibited growth at concentrations of 0.4–1.6 mM. Catalase activity in cell-free extracts of M. barkeri increased about threefold during H2O2 stress (1.3 mM H2O2, 2–4 h exposure) and nearly twofold during superoxide stress (160 μM PQ, 2 h exposure). PQ (160 μM, 2–4 h exposure) and H2O2 (1.3 mM, 2 h exposure) also influenced superoxide dismutase activity in cell-free extracts of M. barkeri. Dot-blot analysis was performed on total RNA isolated from H2O2- and PQ-exposed cultures, using labelled internal DNA fragments of the sod and kat genes. It was shown that H2O2 but not PQ strongly induced up-regulation of the kat gene. PQ and to a lesser degree H2O2 induced the expression of superoxide dismutase. The results indicate the regulation of the adaptive response of M. barkeri to different oxidative stresses.

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Contribution of Mn-Cofactored Superoxide Dismutase (SodA) to the Virulence of Streptococcus agalactiae

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.69.8.5098-5106.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 69 (8) ◽

pp. 5098-5106 ◽

Cited By ~ 104

Author(s):

Claire Poyart ◽

Elisabeth Pellegrini ◽

Olivier Gaillot ◽

Claire Boumaila ◽

Marina Baptista ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Infection Model ◽

Mouse Bone Marrow ◽

Group B Streptococci ◽

Bacterial Killing ◽

Cell Extracts

ABSTRACT Superoxide dismutases convert superoxide anions to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, which, in turn, is metabolized by catalases and/or peroxidases. These enzymes constitute one of the major defense mechanisms of cells against oxidative stress and hence play a role in the pathogenesis of certain bacteria. We previously demonstrated that group B streptococci (GBS) possess a single Mn-cofactored superoxide dismutase (SodA). To analyze the role of this enzyme in the pathogenicity of GBS, we constructed a sodA-disrupted mutant of Streptococcus agalactiae NEM316 by allelic exchange. This mutant was subsequently cis complemented by integration into the chromosome of pAT113/Sp harboring the wild-typesodA gene. The SOD specific activity detected by gel analysis in cell extracts confirmed that active SODs were present in the parental and complemented strains but absent in thesodA mutant. The growth rates of these strains in standing cultures were comparable, but the sodA mutant was extremely susceptible to the oxidative stress generated by addition of paraquat or hydrogen peroxide to the culture medium and exhibited a higher mutation frequency in the presence of rifampin. In mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages, the sodA mutant showed an increased susceptibility to bacterial killing by macrophages. In a mouse infection model, after intravenous injection the survival of thesodA mutant in the blood and the brain was markedly reduced in comparison to that of the parental and complemented strains whereas only minor effects on survival in the liver and the spleen were observed. These results suggest that SodA plays a role in GBS pathogenesis.

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Further investigation of the mechanism of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) protection from oxidative stress in Escherichia coli

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-011-0099-x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 66 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Meltem Akbas ◽

Tugrul Doruk ◽

Serhat Ozdemir ◽

Benjamin Stark

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Stationary Phase ◽

Exponential Phase ◽

Vitreoscilla Hemoglobin ◽

Sod Activity ◽

E Coli ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment

AbstractIn Escherichia coli, Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) protects against oxidative stress, perhaps, in part, by oxidizing OxyR. Here this protection, specifically VHb-associated effects on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase levels, was examined. Exponential or stationary phase cultures of SOD+ or SOD− E. coli strains with or without VHb and oxyR antisense were treated with 2 mM hydrogen peroxide without sublethal peroxide induction, and compared to untreated control cultures. The hydrogen peroxide treatment was toxic to both SOD+ and SOD− cells, but much more to SOD− cells; expression of VHb in SOD+ strains enhanced this toxicity. In contrast, the presence of VHb was generally associated in the SOD+ background with a modest increase in SOD activity that was not greatly affected by oxyR antisense or peroxide treatment. In both SOD+ and SOD− backgrounds, VHb was associated with higher catalase activity both in the presence and absence of peroxide. Contrary to its stimulatory effects in stationary phase, in exponential phase oxyR antisense generally decreased VHb levels.

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Melatonin alleviates heat-induced damage of tomato seedlings by balancing redox homeostasis and modulating polyamine and nitric oxide biosynthesis

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-019-1992-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Mohammad Shah Jahan ◽

Sheng Shu ◽

Yu Wang ◽

Zheng Chen ◽

Mingming He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Gene Expression ◽

Nitric Oxide ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Heat Shock ◽

Defense Mechanism ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽

Tomato Seedlings ◽

Glutathione Cycle

Abstract Background Melatonin is a pleiotropic signaling molecule that plays multifarious roles in plants stress tolerance. The polyamine (PAs) metabolic pathway has been suggested to eliminate the effects of environmental stresses. However, the underlying mechanism of how melatonin and PAs function together under heat stress largely remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the potential role of melatonin in regulating PAs and nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis, and counterbalancing oxidative damage induced by heat stress in tomato seedlings. Results Heat stress enhanced the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and damaged inherent defense system, thus reduced plant growth. However, pretreatment with 100 μM melatonin (7 days) followed by exposure to heat stress (24 h) effectively reduced the oxidative stress by controlling the overaccumulation of superoxide (O2•−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lowering the lipid peroxidation content (as inferred based on malondialdehyde content) and less membrane injury index (MII). This was associated with increased the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants activities by regulating their related gene expression and modulating the ascorbate–glutathione cycle. The presence of melatonin induced respiratory burst oxidase (RBOH), heat shock transcription factors A2 (HsfA2), heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), and delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene expression, which helped detoxify excess ROS via the hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling pathway. In addition, heat stress boosted the endogenous levels of putrescine, spermidine and spermine, and increased the PAs contents, indicating higher metabolic gene expression. Moreover, melatonin-pretreated seedlings had further increased PAs levels and upregulated transcript abundance, which coincided with suppression of catabolic-related genes expression. Under heat stress, exogenous melatonin increased endogenous NO content along with nitrate reductase- and NO synthase-related activities, and expression of their related genes were also elevated. Conclusions Melatonin pretreatment positively increased the heat tolerance of tomato seedlings by improving their antioxidant defense mechanism, inducing ascorbate–glutathione cycle, and reprogramming the PAs metabolic and NO biosynthesis pathways. These attributes facilitated the scavenging of excess ROS and increased stability of the cellular membrane, which mitigated heat-induced oxidative stress.

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Activity of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes in healthy women depends on age, BMI, physical activity and diet

10.21203/rs.2.21698/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Elżbieta Cecerska-Heryć ◽

Klaudia Krauze ◽

Angelika Szczęśniak ◽

Aleksandra Goryniak Mikołajczyk ◽

Natalia Serwin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Catalase Activity ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Superoxide Dismutase Activity ◽

Antioxidant Systems ◽

Healthy Women

Abstract Introduction Antioxidant enzymes protect the human body against the harmful effects of oxidative stress. The activity of antioxidant enzymes changes with age, and depends on dietary nutrients such as fats and vitamins, which can have a significant impact on minimizing or exacerbating oxidative stress. Aim Examine the effect of age, BMI, diet, physical activity and smoking status on the activity of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione concentrations in healthy women. Material and methods This study included 98 healthy women aged between 20 and 65 years. All women underwent anthropometric tests: body weight, height, hip and waist circumference. Antioxidant activity in erythrocytes was measured by spectrophotometric methods. Results Catalase activity increased significantly with age (p<0.001), while superoxide dismutase activities and glutathione decreased with age (p =0.008, p =0.023, respectively). Women with a lower BMI (emaciation) had higher superoxide dismutase activity than those in the first degree of obesity (p = 0.009 Conclusions 1. Increased catalase activity with age may be a sign of a large amount of hydrogen peroxide, resulting from poorly functioning antioxidant systems in older age. 2. Decreased superoxide dismutase activity with age may indicate inactivation of this enzyme by excessive hydrogen peroxide, as well as glycation of superoxide dismutase molecules or reactions with lipid peroxidation products, the intensity of which increases with age. 3. The negative correlation between superoxide dismutase activity and BMI index indicates reduced enzymatic activity in obese subjects, despite increased ROS production by adipose tissue.

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Effect of Trigonella foenum graecum L on the Activities of Antioxidant Enzyme and Their Expression in Tissues of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1177/2156587215573664 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 203-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sapneh Sharma ◽

Vibhuti Mishra ◽

Shiv Kumar Jayant ◽

Nalini Srivastava

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽

Production Of Hydrogen ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Trigonella Foenum Graecum L ◽

The Brain

Diabetes is a life-threatening metabolic disorder. This study was undertaken to evaluate the antihyperglycemic and antioxidative potential of seed powder of Trigonella foenum-graecum L in alloxan (55 mg/kg) induced diabetic rats. The results obtained showed that extensive oxidative stress is generated in tissues of diabetic rats as evidenced by increased production of hydrogen peroxide, increased accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonanal (4HNE) and decreased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) in tissues of diabetic rats. It was observed that the transcription of genes of SOD, GPx, and CAT was also significantly decreased when compared with control. Treatment of Trigonella for 15 days to diabetic rats showed hypoglycemic effect and improved the altered levels of H2O2, MDA, and 4HNE, the activities of SOD, GPx, and CAT as well as transcription of these genes in the liver and the brain of diabetic rats.

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