scholarly journals Foot Posture Index Reference Values among Young Adults in Saudi Arabia and Their Association with Anthropometric Determinants, Balance, Functional Mobility, and Hypermobility

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Khalid A. Alahmari ◽  
Venkata Nagaraj Kakaraparthi ◽  
Ravi Shankar Reddy ◽  
Paul Silvian Samuel ◽  
Jaya Shanker Tedla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Joint Hypermobility ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Posture Index ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Foot Posture

Background. The foot posture index (FPI) is a valid, reliable, and multidimensional method for determining foot posture in a wide range of clinical settings. To date, no normative data of healthy young adults in Saudi Arabia have been available for comparison and reference. Hence, this study is aimed at establishing the FPI reference values, gender, and side differences of FPI and their association with anthropometric determinants, balance, functional mobility, and hypermobility. Methods. FPI was assessed in 581 (291 men and 290 women) healthy young adults aged 18–25 years. The FPI range was obtained for both feet as the sum of the scores (–2, –1, 0, 1, and 2) given to each criterion: (–1 to –12) supinated foot, (0 to +5) neutral foot, and (+6 to +12) pronated foot. The study furthermore assessed the balance using a near tandem balance test, functional mobility by stair ascent and descent test, and joint hypermobility via the Beighton scale. Results. The average FPI score was 2.76 ± 5.23 for all subjects, 2.98 ± 5.02 for men and 2.55 ± 5.43 for women. Neutral foot posture was most frequent in this study (52.9%). A higher proportion of women had pronated (21.0%) and supinated (11.7%) feet than men which were 16.8% and 10.3%, respectively. This study also confirmed that side differences were found to be significant ( p value < 0.001), whereas gender differences were significant only in the normal, pronated, and supinated foot groups. Conclusion. The most common foot posture in both genders was ranged from neutral to slight pronation. We also found a correlation between balance with FPI in the supinated and hypersupinated foot groups, functional mobility with FPI of pronated and supinated foot groups, and joint hypermobility with FPI of the hyperpronated foot group.

scholarly journals Establishing normative foot posture index values for the paediatric population: a cross-sectional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Gijon-Nogueron ◽  
Jesus Montes-Alguacil ◽  
Pilar Alfageme-Garcia ◽  
Jose Antonio Cervera-Marin ◽  
Jose Miguel Morales-Asencio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Posture Index ◽  
Foot Posture

Influence of Age, Sex, and Anthropometric Determinants on the Foot Posture Index in a Pediatric Population

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María Jimenez-Cebrian ◽  
María Francisca Morente-Bernal ◽  
Pedro Daniel Román-Bravo ◽  
Juan Francisco Saucedo-Badía ◽  
Juan Antonio Alonso-Ríos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Quantitative Result ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Posture Index ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Foot Position

Background: The Foot Posture Index (FPI) is a clinical tool for diagnosis that aims to quantify the grade of a foot position as neutral, pronated, or supinated. Its purpose is to develop a simple six-factor method for rating foot posture with an easy and quantitative result. We evaluated possible differences in the FPI by sex and the influences of age, weight, height, foot size, and body mass index (BMI) on foot posture. Methods: In 150 asymptomatic children (79 boys and 71 girls) aged 8 to 13 years, we determined weight, height, BMI, and FPI in the bipedal, static, and relaxed position. The FPI was obtained as the sum of the scores (–2, –1, 0, 1, 2) given to each of the six criteria. Results: The mean ± SD FPI value for the total sample was 5.1 ± 2.1 (boys: 5.1 ± 2.2; girls: 5.2 ± 2.0), so there were no significant differences between the sexes (P = .636). Of the 150 feet examined, none had FPI values of very supinated or highly pronated, two were supinated (1.3%), 76 neutral (50.7%), and 72 pronated (48.0%). Of the total FPI values, 7.7% can be explained by anthropometric variables: height, weight, and foot size (r2 = 0.077; P &lt; .010). Conclusions: The most frequent foot postures in the sample were neutral and pronated. Neither age nor BMI explained variations in the FPI.

Association between the Foot Posture Index and running related injuries: A case-control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 217-221
Author(s):  
Aitor Pérez-Morcillo ◽  
Antonio Gómez-Bernal ◽  
Vicente F. Gil-Guillen ◽  
Javier Alfaro-Santafé ◽  
José Víctor Alfaro-Santafé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Posture Index ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Association between Foot Posture Index and Ankle Sprain in Indoor Football Players

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsaneh Safar Cherati ◽  
Masoud Dousti ◽  
Shima Younespour
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Sprain ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Positive History ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Posture Index ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

<p><strong>Objective</strong><strong>: </strong>This study investigated the relationship between foot type and ankle sprain incidence.</p><p><strong>Method</strong><strong>: </strong>In a prospective cohort study using the FPI, 68 adult male and female indoor football (Futsal) players were measured and their feet were classified according to foot posture index (FPI) as neutral, supinated and pronated. They were followed over 6 month as a one competition season and at the end, any injuries at the ankle during this period were detected.</p><p><strong>Result</strong><strong>: </strong>There was no significant association between FPI score (considering the total FPI score and its six components) and occurrence of ankle sprain. Also, no association was existed between gender, age, height, weight, BMI, duration of professional exercise, dominant foot and occurrence of ankle sprain. In this study, the history of previous ankle sprain was the only significant predictor of the occurrence of ankle sprain in the follow-up period. Participants with the positive history of previous ankle sprain were at higher risk of developing new ankle sprain (OR=6.02, 95% CI: (1.93, 18.84), p=0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong><strong>: </strong>There was no significant association between FPI score and occurrence of ankle sprain.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Limitation: </strong>there was scarce of supinated foot in the study so evaluation of relationship between supinated feet and ankle sprain was not applicable.</p>

Criterion Validation of Four Criteria of the Foot Posture Index

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Scharfbillig ◽  
Angela M. Evans ◽  
Alexander W. Copper ◽  
Marie Williams ◽  
Sheila Scutter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Generalized Linear Model ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Posture Index ◽  
Criterion Validation ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Final Score ◽  
Foot Position

The Foot Posture Index is a new multidimensional and multiplanar tool aimed at quantifying the degree of pronation to supination of the foot, comprising eight criteria that sum to produce a final “score” of foot posture. In an initial study involving 31 subjects, angulations measured from dorsoplantar and lateral radiographs were compared with the corresponding Foot Posture Index criteria using Spearman’s rho and the generalized linear model of analysis of variance. Eleven of the participants from Study 1 completed a second study in which wedges were used to alter foot position to determine whether changes to foot position were sensitively reflected in Foot Posture Index criterion scores and associated radiographic images. Study 1 demonstrated a significant correlation for only one criterion (talar head palpation), while Study 2 demonstrated intrasubject sensitivity to overall changes from supinated to pronated and supinated to resting positions but insensitivity to changes from resting to pronated positions. The results suggest that although the Foot Posture Index could be a useful tool to broadly classify foot postures, it is not sensitive to all small movements when assessed by this method. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 94(1): 31-38, 2004)

Effect of Foot Morphology on Center-of-Pressure Excursion During Barefoot Walking

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Wong ◽  
Adrienne Hunt ◽  
Joshua Burns ◽  
Jack Crosbie
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Pressure Data ◽  
Lateral Border ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Posture Index ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Foot Morphology ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The path of the center of pressure during walking varies among individuals by deviating to a greater or lesser extent toward the medial or lateral border of the foot. It is unclear whether this variance is systematic and is affected by foot posture. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between foot morphology and center-of-pressure excursion during barefoot walking. Methods: Pressure data were collected from 83 participants whose foot type had been classified as supinated, normal, or pronated according to the Foot Posture Index. Three center-of-pressure variables were analyzed: medial excursion area, lateral excursion area, and total excursion area. Results: Across the spectrum of foot types, we found that the more supinated a participant’s foot posture, the larger the area of lateral center-of-pressure excursion, and, conversely, the more pronated the foot posture, the smaller the area of lateral center-of-pressure excursion. Furthermore, the supinated foot type had a relatively larger center-of-pressure total excursion area, and the pronated foot type had a relatively smaller center-of-pressure total excursion area. Conclusions: These results indicate the importance of assessing foot posture when measuring center of pressure and may help explain regional differences in pain and injury location among foot types. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 98(2): 112–117, 2008)

scholarly journals Reference values, intrarater reliability, and measurement error for the closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test and upper quarter y balance test in young adults

2022 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Luiza Teixeira ◽  
Anamaria Siriani de Oliveira ◽  
Nathália Alves Rodrigues ◽  
Guilherme Augusto Santos Bueno ◽  
Maria Eduarda Oliveira Novais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Measurement Error ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Stability Test ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Intrarater Reliability ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Closed Kinetic Chain

scholarly journals A Positive Association Between Foot Posture Index and Medial Compartment Knee Osteoarthritis in Moroccan People

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abourazzak F.E ◽  
Kadi N ◽  
Azzouzi H ◽  
Lazrak F ◽  
Najdi A ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Medial Compartment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Pes Cavus ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Posture Index ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Foot Posture

Objectives : To compare foot posture in people with and without medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA), and to assess association between its abnormalities and medial compartment knee OA. Methods : We compared the foot posture of patients with clinically and radiographically-confirmed medial compartment knee OA and asymptomatic healthy controls using the foot posture index (FPI), navicular height, and the medial arch. Results : We included 100 patients and 80 asymptomatic controls. The mean age of patients was 59 ± 7 (44-76) years and 48 ± 9 (28-60) years in the control (p=0.06). Patients group have more pronated foot for FPI (1.50 ± 2.68 vs 0.72 ± 2.63; p=0.05), more flat foot (42% vs 22%; p=0.03), and less pes cavus than the control group (58% vs 77%; p=0.004). However, there was no significant difference between the groups in the navicular height (3.90 ± 0.85 cm vs 4.00 ± 0.76 cm; p=0.41). In multivariate statistical analysis, after adjusting for age and body mass index, pronated foot in FPI (OR=1.22, 95%IC= [1.06-1.40], p=0.005), and pes cavus (OR=0.32, 95%IC= [0.11-0.93], p=0.03) had a significant correlation with the knee osteoarthritis. Conclusion : Pronated foot posture and flat foot are significantly associated with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis.

Relationship of Functional Leg-Length Discrepancy to Abnormal Pronation

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Rothbart
Keyword(s):  
Relative Position ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Leg Length Discrepancy ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Posture Index ◽  
Length Discrepancy ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Relationship Of

The objective of this study was to determine whether a correlation exists between abnormal pronation and functional leg-length discrepancies. Visual assessment and a pelvic thrust maneuver were used to identify the functionally short leg in 56 indigenous Mexicans (20 males and 36 females; mean age, 33 years; mean weight, 59 kg; and mean height, 1.60 m). The Foot Posture Index was used with a modified stance position to identify the more pronated foot. The posterosuperior iliac spines were used to identify the “relative” position of the innominate bones. The raw data obtained from this study were evaluated using the McNemar test for paired proportions. A significant positive correlation was found between abnormal pronation and hip position and between hip position and functional leg-length discrepancy. These results are consistent with a theoretical ascending dysfunctional pelvic model: Abnormal pronation pulls the innominate bones anteriorly (forward); anterior rotation of the innominate bones shifts the acetabula posteriorly and cephalad (backward and upward); and this shift in the acetabula hyperextends the knees and shortens the legs, with the shortest leg corresponding to the most pronated foot. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 96(6): 499-507, 2006)

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