Association between Truck Crashes due to Mechanical Failure and Truck Age

There have been efforts to restrict older trucks in many jurisdictions all over the world. The primary goal of the restrictions is to minimize greenhouse gas emissions. In addition to the environmental benefits, it is also possible that the truck age restriction could contribute to the enhancement of traffic safety. Older trucks are subject to longer travel-miles than newer trucks and tend to have higher mechanical failure rates. Extremely few studies have been done to explore the impact of trucks’ age on their crash occurrence due to mechanical problems. This study aims to investigate the association between the truck crashes due to mechanical issues and the truck age. Two approaches are adopted to achieve the objective. First, a chi-square test reveals that the proportions of the mechanical failures among older trucks are higher than those among newer ones ( χ 2 = 256.199, p < 0.0001 ). Second, the modeling results indicate that the number of truck crashes due to mechanical failures is significantly increased by the truck age. The findings suggest that policies restricting older trucks should consider not only environmental effects but also traffic safety benefits.

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XBRL Taxonomy for Estimating the Effects of Greenhouse Gas Emissions on Corporate Financial Positions

Mobile Applications and Knowledge Advancements in E-Business ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-1960-9.ch010 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 145-166

Author(s):

Fumiko Satoh

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Third Parties ◽

Environmental Taxes ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Financial Reports ◽

The World ◽

Standardized Reporting ◽

Financial Impacts ◽

The Impact

Companies around the world are increasingly expected to report their greenhouse gas emissions. Currently there are various formulas to calculate emissions, and there are different reporting formats. Most of the reporting formats are paper-based or non-readable-by-machine formats. The emissions of companies will influence their accounting results due to ‘cap & trade’ systems or environmental taxes. Analyses of financial impacts are important for management decisions and corporate evaluations by interested third parties. A standardized reporting format for GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions is critical for reliable analysis of the impact of emissions on finances. This paper proposes an XBRL (eXtensible Business Markup Language) format as the foundation for standardizing the emissions reporting formats, and provides a preliminary XBRL taxonomy for emissions reporting. XBRL makes it possible to combine the financial reports and the emissions reports. Evaluations of the emissions impact are easier for both managers of the company and external parties, even if a large number of emissions reports must be analyzed.

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Our Energy Inheritance: Nuclear Power

A Cubic Mile of Oil ◽

10.1093/oso/9780195325546.003.0015 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Hewitt Crane ◽

Edwin Kinderman ◽

Ripudaman Malhotra

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Nuclear Waste ◽

Energy Security ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Nuclear Technology ◽

Value Judgments ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

The World

Of the various alternatives to fossil energy, nuclear power is the most advanced and the best positioned to become a major source of energy. It is also essentially free of CO2 emissions, and if reducing greenhouse gas emissions is truly the highest concern, then we will have to develop nuclear power. Yet developing nuclear power would also pose challenges in terms of waste disposal, and proliferation of nuclear weapons including the risk of a terrorist organization acquiring such weapons. To some environmentalists nuclear power presents a serious, dilemma. Support or opposition to nuclear power is strongly affected by value judgments as well as lack of disseminated information on questions: What happens if there is leakage of nuclear waste someday? To what extent would people and the world be affected? Would we be trading international security for energy security—does nuclear power increase our vulnerability to terrorist attacks? The mixture of clear benefits with outstanding questions currently allows some nations to embrace nuclear power, some to accept it grudgingly, and still others choose to ignore it. Given its availability and environmental benefits, nuclear is an option that cannot be ignored if we are to tackle the energy problem in a serious way. To assume that we can store and safeguard the waste for thousands of years may be hubris, but we come out in favor of developing nuclear technology in part because we already have to store the legacy nuclear waste that has been generated over the last 50 years. Another 60 or so years of waste will represent a marginal addition to that enormous task, but it would buy us badly needed time to carefully develop other energy sources that do not entail net greenhouse gas emissions. Also, we find that many of the concerns raised against the development of nuclear power are vastly exaggerated. For example, as we describe in this chapter, safe storage of the waste does not require 10,000 years: if we use reprocessing technologies, the remaining waste could be rendered benign in a couple of centuries.

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European free–tailed bat fatalities at wind farms in southern Spain

Animal Biodiversity and Conservation ◽

10.32800/abc.2020.43.0037 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 37-41

Author(s):

A. R. Muñoz ◽

M. Á. Farfán

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Wind Turbines ◽

Wind Farms ◽

Southern Spain ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

The World ◽

The Impact

Wind is increasingly used as a renewable energy all around the world. Although wind turbines help reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the costs to wildlife cannot be overlooked. To date, monitoring programs and research have mainly focused on the impact of wind farms on birds but negative effects on bats have also reported. Here we compile information related to European free–tailed bat deaths at wind farms in southern Spain. In a world where the demand for renewable energy is rising we highlight the need to better understand and prevent bat fatalities.

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Opportunities and Challenges to Sustainable Manufacturing and CMP

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-1157-e03-08 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 1157 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

David Dornfeld

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Environmental Impact ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Environmental Impacts ◽

Process Modeling ◽

Semiconductor Manufacturing ◽

Sustainable Manufacturing ◽

The World ◽

The Impact

AbstractToday the requirements for reducing the impact of our manufacturing activities are increasing as the world awakes to and addresses the environmental impacts of our society. Energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, materials availability and use, environmental impact levels, etc. are all topics of interest. Semiconductor manufacturing in general and process steps such as CMP are not exempt from this and, in many cases, the industry has led the efforts in reducing impacts. This paper will first review some of the drivers for sustainable manufacturing, then define some of the terms that will be useful for determining the engineering aspects of sustainability and sustainable manufacturing, as well as metrics for assessing the impact of manufacturing in general and CMP in particular. An assessments of CMP will be given to illustrate the potential for “design for the environment” in CMP and related processes. Consideration will be given to research opportunities, including process modeling, that this focus provides to CMP researchers, consumable suppliers and industry.

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Perspectives of Practitioners on the Green Infrastructure in Mukalla City, Yemen

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) ◽

10.47405/mjssh.v6i6.809 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 225-236

Author(s):

Omar Ali Ahmed Bagazi ◽

M Zainora Asmawi ◽

Lukman Hakim Mahamod ◽

Syakir Amir Ab Rahman ◽

Abdul Razak Abd Aziz

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Multiple Linear Regression ◽

Green Infrastructure ◽

Positive Attitude ◽

Demographic Factors ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Research Approach ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Impact

Green infrastructure (GI) is a new term that aims to accomplish sustainable development. It is a platform to achieve a balance between environmental preservation and urban development and achieve economic, social and environmental benefits. However, many countries are suffering from a lack of investment in GI benefits, especially developing countries. Therefore, this study aims to assess the level of attitude among practitioners through assessing their willingness to invest in GI benefits. A quantitative research approach and the questionnaire were designed, containing 17 main benefits of GI to achieve the aim of this study. The questionnaires were distributed manually to the agencies of planning and designing of urban area in Mukalla city. The total number of completed questionnaires entered into this study was 82—the SPSS program approved for results analysis. Relative important index (RII) was used to rank the items, means (X̄) was used to assess the level of attitude among practitioners. Pearson's Chi-square test (χ2) was used to explore the impact of the demographic factors of practitioners on their attitude. In contrast, multiple linear regression was used to predict the relation between attitude and demographic factors. Firstly, the overall means (X̄) revealed that the GI attitude among practitioners in Mukalla city was positive. Secondly, the cross-tabulation revealed that all-male, old and non-government practitioners having a positive attitude, similarly all highly experienced and postgraduate practitioners also had a positive attitude. Pearson's Chi-square test (χ2) showed that experience has no significant influence on GI's economic, social and environmental benefits. Thirdly, multiple linear regression showed that gender and education of practitioners contribute positively toward increasing the level of attitude among practitioners in Mukalla city.

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Status of Pure Electric Vehicle Power Train Technology and Future Prospects

Applied System Innovation ◽

10.3390/asi3030035 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 35 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abhisek Karki ◽

Sudip Phuyal ◽

Daniel Tuladhar ◽

Subarna Basnet ◽

Bim Prasad Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Electric Vehicle ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Optimization Techniques ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Power Train ◽

Transportation Sector ◽

The World

Electric vehicles (EV) are becoming more common mobility in the transportation sector in recent times. The dependence on oil as the source of energy for passenger vehicles has economic and political implications, and the crisis will take over as the oil reserves of the world diminish. As concerns of oil depletion and security of the oil supply remain as severe as ever, and faced with the consequences of climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions from the tail pipes of vehicles, the world today is increasingly looking at alternatives to traditional road transport technologies. EVs are seen as a promising green technology which could lead to the decarbonization of the passenger vehicle fleet and to independence from oil. There are possibilities of immense environmental benefits as well, as EVs have zero tail pipe emission and therefore are capable of curbing the pollution problems created by vehicle emission in an efficient way so they can extensively reduce the greenhouse gas emissions produced by the transportation sector as pure electric vehicles are the only vehicles with zero-emission potential. However, there are some major barriers for EVs to overcome before totally replacing ICE vehicles in the transportation sector and obtain appreciable market penetration. This review evaluates the technological aspects of the different power train systems of BEV technology and highlights those technological areas where important progress is expected by focusing on reviewing all the useful information and data available on EV architecture, electrical machines, optimization techniques, and its possibilities of future developments as green mobility. The challenges of different electric drive trains’ commercialization are discussed. The major objective is to provide an overall view of the current pure electric vehicle powertrain technology and possibilities of future green vehicle development to assist in future research in this sector.

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PERSPECTIVES OF THE WORLD STEEL AND COKE MARKETS (on the materials of the international conference "EuroCoke Summit", Amsterdam, 2021)

Journal of Coal Chemistry ◽

10.31081/1681-309x-2021-0-5-4-12 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 4-12

Author(s):

E.T. Kovalev

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Iron Reduction ◽

Steel Production ◽

Coking Coal ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

International Conference ◽

The World ◽

Coal Market ◽

The Impact

The article is devoted to the review of the main materials of the international conference Eurocoke-2021, which took place on October 5-6 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Despite the fact that the conference is named as European, the representatives of the world's leading firms and research centers from the EU, England, Australia, India, USA, China, Ukraine and other countries took part in its work. The article summarizes the main results and conclusions of the reports and discussions. As the most of speakers noted, that despite the impact of the global recession and the logistical difficulties caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the China's ban to use Australian coal, a significant change in the global coal market is not expected in the near future. China's trade policy has led mainly to a redistribution of markets for Australian, American, Canadian and Russian coal. Technologies and researches to replace some of the components of the coking coal charge with a cheaper coal grades or carbonaceous materials of plant origin in order to reduce the cost of coke and steel are still relevant. The strict requirements for limiting greenhouse gas emissions are forcing coke and steel producers to modernize the existing traditional production facilities (including using integrated technologies) to reduce emissions and improve the efficiency of the CO2 capturing and utilization. In the world steel production in the next decade, a significant increase in the share of technologies focused on abandoning coke and blast furnace production is hardly possible due to the high cost and duration of the corresponding projects. Keywords: coke production, steel industry, world coking coal market, steel market, trends, recession, logistics, COVID-19, greenhouse gas emissions, decarbonization, direct iron reduction, integrated technologies, stamped charge coking, biomass, catalysis. Corresponding author E.T. Kovalev, e-mail: [email protected]

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Profile of functionality of persons affected by leprosy

Rev Rene ◽

10.15253/2175-6783.20212261702 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. e61702

Author(s):

Stephanie Steremberg Pires D’Azevedo ◽

Danielle Christine Moura dos Santos ◽

Gustavo Aires de Arruda ◽

Jaqueline Caracas Barbosa ◽

Maria Geórgia Torres Alves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Support Groups ◽

Physical Disabilities ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

World Health ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Chi Square ◽

The World ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Health Organization ◽

The Impact

Objective: to analyze the functioning and disability profile of persons affected by leprosy. Methods: a quantitative study, carried out with 43 people in six reference units with support groups for self-care in leprosy. A sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule instrument were used. The analyses used descriptive statistics, the chi-square test of adjustment adequacy for categorical variables, binomial and Mann-Whitney. Results: the median (interquartile range) in the Participation, Mobility, Cognition and Life Activities domains were 37.5 (20.8-54.2), 25.0 (6.3-56.3), 20.0 (0.0-40.0) and 10.0 (0.0-40.0), respectively, representing the impact of the disease in these domains. Conclusion: the functionality scores were higher in the Participation and Mobility domains, reflecting physical disabilities, discrimination and stigma in the lives of people affected by leprosy.

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