scholarly journals Research on E-Commerce Purchasing Model in Crude Oil Trade

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yunfei Li
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Procurement Management ◽  
Implementation Framework ◽  
Depth Analysis

Crude oil is the main raw material for the petrochemical industry and a major component of total production costs. It is also an indispensable resource for petrochemical enterprises. The implementation of crude oil e-commerce procurement by petrochemical enterprises can not only reduce the procurement cost of crude oil but also create good economic benefits in the field. It can also establish strategic partnerships with oil field enterprises to lay the foundation for the scientific development of enterprises. Based on the production of Company A and the “10 Million Tons Refining” project, this paper introduces the concept of e-commerce procurement for the problems in all aspects of crude oil procurement management. This paper deeply studies the e-commerce procurement theory, constructs the e-commerce procurement management implementation framework, and proposes that the scientific evaluation of crude oil suppliers is the key idea for petrochemical enterprises to implement enterprise e-commerce procurement management. At the same time, it also conducted an in-depth analysis of the internal and external environment of a company’s crude oil e-commerce procurement, conducted a comprehensive evaluation of existing crude oil suppliers and potential suppliers, and formulated corresponding procurement strategies. Results of the study show the success of the proposed study, and on the basis of the proposed study, researchers can devise new solutions in the field.

scholarly journals NEW PARAMETERS FOR THE FOREST BIOMASS WASTE ECOFIREWOOD MANUFACTURING PROCESS OPTIMIZATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (32) ◽  
pp. 560-571
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina RUOSO ◽  
Lisiane Corrêa BITENCOURT ◽  
Lucas Urach SUDATI ◽  
Marcos Antônio KLUNK ◽  
Nattan Roberto CAETANO
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Biomass Waste

Biomass has a large share in the energy generation matrix, due to the regional economic benefits. This work has as main objective to evaluate the parameters used in the manufacture of briquettes produced with forest residues and the economic engineering for the manufacturer. The forest residues were: wood chips and chips of Eucalyptus spp. and barks of Pinus taeda. The evaluations were the chemical characterization of forest residues and the costs involved in the briquetting process. The forest residues presented extractive chemical composition and lignin. The production costs of the briquettes were affected mainly by the equipment, being the Pinus taeda barks the one that presented higher production cost. However, the production costs obtained in this study are approximately 20% lower than the production costs using traditional methods for forest firewood. The energy value from biomass allows the reduction of the dependence of energy, which can be used for the generation of steam or electricity, for subsistence. A fact for energy conversion is to evaluate the material moisture. It is suitable to burn residues with moisture between 45 to 55%. The consumed electric energy is important to evaluate the total costs. The energy required depends on the quality of raw material and the system employed. Forest residues is an important source for eco firewood production, contributing to energy generation and decreasing of the solid waste stored at the company. In this way, the new parameters for briquetting biomass forest wastes shown in this work, which is an important stage of the process, make economically viable and environmentally suitable the eco firewood production.

Energy Usage Structure Adjustment in Kern River Oilfield and Illumination for Self-Used Oil Substitution in Chinese Oilfield

2014 ◽  
Vol 962-965 ◽  
pp. 1599-1603
Author(s):  
Chuan Yan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
The Self ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Structure Adjustment

The substitution of the crude oil for private use in Chinese oilfield is one of the reducing oil production costs and relieving oil shortage ways. This paper introduced the energy usage adjustment and its contribution on energy saving in Kern River oilfield, as well as analyzed the advantage of using natural gas, coal, petroleum coke and renewable resources to replace the self-used oil in Chinese oil field.

Concurrent Structure and Process Optimization for Minimum Cost Metal Additive Manufacturing

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erva Ulu ◽  
Runze Huang ◽  
Levent Burak Kara ◽  
Kate S. Whitefoot
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Sequential Optimization ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Concurrent Optimization ◽  
Build Time

Metals-additive manufacturing (MAM) is enabling unprecedented design freedom and the ability to produce significantly lighter weight parts with the same performance, offering the possibility of significant environmental and economic benefits in many different industries. However, the total production costs of MAM will need to be reduced substantially before it will be widely adopted across the manufacturing sector. Current topology optimization approaches focus on reducing total material volume as a means of reducing material costs, but they do not account for other production costs that are influenced by a part's structure such as machine time and scrap. Moreover, concurrently optimizing MAM process variables with a part's structure has the potential to further reduce production costs. This paper demonstrates an approach to use process-based cost modeling (PBCM) in MAM topology optimization to minimize total production costs, including material, labor, energy, and machine costs, using cost estimates from industrial MAM operations. The approach is demonstrated on various 3D geometries for the electron beam melting (EBM) process with Ti64 material. Concurrent optimization of the part structures and EBM process variables is compared to sequential optimization, and to optimization of the structure alone. The results indicate that, once process variables are considered concurrently, more cost effective results can be obtained with similar amount of material through a combination of (1) building high stress regions with lower power values to obtain larger yield strength and (2) increasing the power elsewhere to reduce the number of passes required, thereby reducing build time. In our case studies, concurrent optimization of the part's structure and MAM process parameters lead to up to 15% lower estimated total production costs and 21% faster build time than optimizing the part's structure alone.

Cost Minimization in Metal Additive Manufacturing Using Concurrent Structure and Process Optimization

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runze Huang ◽  
Erva Ulu ◽  
Levent Burak Kara ◽  
Kate S. Whitefoot
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Concurrent Optimization ◽  
Build Time ◽  
Part Structure

Metals-additive manufacturing (MAM) is enabling unprecedented design freedom and the ability to produce significantly lighter weight parts with the same performance, offering the possibility of significant environmental and economic benefits in many different industries. However, the total production costs of MAM will need to be reduced substantially before it will be widely adopted across the manufacturing sector. Current topology optimization approaches focus on reducing total material volume as a means of reducing material costs, but they do not account for other production costs that are influenced by a part’s structure such as machine time and scrap. Moreover, concurrently optimizing MAM process variables with a part’s structure has the potential to further reduce production costs. This paper demonstrates an approach to use process-based cost modeling in MAM topology optimization to minimize total production costs, including material, labor, energy, and machine costs, using cost estimates from actual MAM operations. The approach is demonstrated in a simple case study of a Ti64 cantilever produced with electron beam melting (EBM). Results of a concurrent optimization of the part structure and EBM process variables are compared to an optimization of the part structure alone. The results show that, once process variables are considered, it is more cost effective to include more material in the part through a combination of (1) building additional thin trusses with a faster laser speed and (2) increasing the thickness of other truss members and decreasing laser velocity to create larger melt pools that reduce the number of passes required, thereby reducing build time. Concurrent optimization of the part’s structure and MAM process parameters leads to 7% lower estimated total production costs and approximately 50% faster build time than optimizing the part’s structure alone.

Sistem Informasi Pengalokasian Biaya Bahan Baku dengan Metode Harga Pokok Pesanan pada PT. Dian Karya Estate

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
Nining Rahaningsih ◽  
Raditya Danar Dana ◽  
Nana Suarna ◽  
Sri Muflikah Kurniarti
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Cost Allocation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Material Costs ◽  
Material Cost

Raw material costs are an important part of company operations, so we need a system that can accurately present raw material cost data which will be used as consideration for the company in making decisions. The system that is currently running at Kinaya Residence still uses a manual system so it is difficult to find accurate information. Based on the results of preliminary research, it can be concluded that in processing raw material costs using the cost of order method with the following characteristics 1) The nature of production is intermittent depending on on orders received, 2) The shape of the product depends on the specifications of the customer, 3) Collection of production costs is done on the order cost card, 4) the total production cost is calculated after the order is completed, 5) The production cost per unit is calculated, by dividing the total production cost by the total units ordered, 6) Accumulated costs generally use normal costs, 7) Products that have been completed are immediately handed over to the customer. Then to design a raw material cost allocation system that uses traditional methods with the programming language used is Hypertext Preprocessor. With this information system for allocating raw material costs, it is hoped that the presentation of financial reports about raw materials in companies can be done easily, quickly and accurately.

scholarly journals ON-FARM ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ZERO-TILLAGE WHEAT: A CASE OF NORTH-WEST INDIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEETENDRA PRAKASH ARYAL ◽  
TEK B. SAPKOTA ◽  
M L JAT ◽  
DALIP K BISHNOI
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
North West

SUMMARYConducting farmers participatory field trials at 40 sites for 3 consecutive years in four rice-wheat system dominated districts of Haryana state of India, this paper tested the hypothesis that zero tillage (ZT) based crop production emits less greenhouse gases and yet provide adequate economic benefits to farmers compared to the conventional tillage (CT). In each farmer's field, ZT and CT based wheat production were compared side by side for three consecutive years from 2009–10 to 2011–12. In assessing the mitigation potential of ZT, we examined the differences in input use and crop management, especially those contributing to GHGs emissions, between ZT wheat and CT wheat. We employed Cool Farm Tool (CFT) to estimate emission of GHGs from various wheat production activities. In order to assess economic benefits, we examined the difference in input costs, net returns and cost-benefit analysis of wheat production under CT and ZT. Results show that farmers can save approximately USD 79 ha−1 in terms of total production costs and increase net revenue of about USD 97.5 ha−1 under ZT compared to CT. Similarly, benefit-cost ratio under ZT is 1.43 against 1.31 under CT. Our estimate shows that shifting from CT to ZT based wheat production reduces GHG emission by 1.5 Mg CO2-eq ha−1 season−1. Overall, ZT has both climate change mitigation and economic benefits, implying the win-win outcome of better agricultural practices.

scholarly journals Solutions to gather and transport crude oil from Dai Hung Nam wellhead platform (WHP-DHN) to FPU DH-01 platform at Dai Hung Oil Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Thinh ◽  
Tang Van Dong ◽  
Le Quang Duyen ◽  
Nguyen The Vinh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Recovery Coefficient ◽  
Average Recovery ◽  
Transportation Process ◽  
Subsea Pipelines ◽  
Positive Results

Dai Hung is an oilfield which lies at a deep water. The field is located in the Northeast of Nam Con Son basin in block block 05-1a. The total production explored at Dai Hung in April 30, 2018 reached 56.7 million barrels, corresponding to 13% of the average recovery coefficient of the oil field. The success of drilling wells for the development of Phase II (WHP-DH2) has proved that oil and gas exploitation in areas without drilling wells at Dai Hung oi field is potential. At present, PetroVietnam Exploration Production Corporation (PVEP) keeps undertaking activities on drilling exploration wells at Dai Hung Nam zone with positive results. This fact requires the construction of the offshore platform at this area for oil and gas exploitation activities. Therefore, Dai Hung Nam wellhead platform (WHP-DHN) will be built in this area and its exploited products will be transported to DH-01 platform by subsea pipelines. In order to transport exploited products safety, a research on flow assurance is required to consider and evaluate possibilities that may have effect on transportation process. The paper presents the results of research on hydraulic calculations for subsea pipelines to transport exploited products from WHP-DHN to DH-01 platform by taking advantage of experimental equations and using the software with the data obtained at this Oil Field. The results of the research will be the basic which helps to select the appropriate solutions to improve the transportation of exploited productions by subsea pipelines at WHP-DHN in the future stage.

International competitiveness of value chains for sugar beet and sugarcane: a combined approach to estimate production and processing costs in Brazil and Germany

2019 ◽  
pp. 444-450
Author(s):  
Samuel Balieiro ◽  
Thomas de Witte ◽  
Andreas Lehnberger
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
World Market ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Material Costs ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
White Sugar ◽  
Technical Coefficients

With the liberalization of the European sugar sector, the industry is free to export sugar to the world market, competing with other sugarcane producing countries. To understand competitiveness, it is imperative to compare total production costs, including both raw material (farm) and processing costs (mill). Therefore, farmlevel production costs from agri benchmark combined with an engineering approach to calculate processing costs were merged to calculate sugar production costs in Germany and Brazil. The necessary data related to investment costs and technical coefficients was obtained in collaboration with BMA. Results show that processing one ton of white sugar (excluding raw material costs) from sugarcane in Brazil is more than USD30/t cheaper than processing sugar beet in Germany. Including raw material costs and the sales of byproducts, white sugar production in Brazil has a total cost advantage of USD112/t over German factories. Key differences in production costs are associated with labor (20%), depreciation (20%) and energy costs (40%). The findings indicate that even with equivalent raw material costs, the lower net processing costs are a major competitive advantage for Brazilian sugar producers. The combination of the typical farm approach and the dynamic engineering model can be applied to other regions, allowing for the estimation of regional production and shifts in global sugar supply.

Immaterial Cost and Production: Maximum Production Cost Level Through Marginal Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-149
Author(s):  
Dini Maulana Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Sugar Factory ◽  
Maximum Production ◽  
Cost Approach ◽  
South Sulawesi

This paper will discuss about the immaterial costs and production yields at one of the refined sugar factory companies in Makassar, South Sulawesi. The theory is based on the fact that Immaterial is a cost that is almsgiving, meaning costs that are outside of the basic costs of the company in producing production, so this research aims to find out: (1) what is the production cost needed to produce this production, (2) the maximum level of production at company from 2013 to 2017. This type of research is a quantitative study because it uses a questionnaire in the form of values ​​that are processed using the marginal cost approach formula. The results of the analysis show that (1) the maximum level of production costs occurred in 2016 amounting to 6,912 with an Immaterial cost of Rp. 2,481,796,800 and the total production produced is 359,077.3 tons (2) The required workforce with the total production produced is 359,077.3 tones of 180 people including the maximum production point which means that the lowest value is achieved (optimal).    

Graubündens Wald im Fokus | Focus on the Grisons forest

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (7) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Reto Hefti
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Form Part ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The Government

In the mountainous canton Grisons, much visited by tourists, the forest has always had an important role to play. New challenges are now presenting themselves. The article goes more closely into two themes on the Grisons forestry agenda dominating in the next few years: the increased use of timber and climate change. With the increased demand for logs and the new sawmill in Domat/Ems new opportunities are offered to the canton for more intensive use of the raw material, wood. This depends on a reduction in production costs and a positive attitude of the population towards the greater use of wood. A series of measures from the Grisons Forestry Department should be of help here. The risk of damage to infrastructure is particularly high in a mountainous canton. The cantonal government of the Grisons has commissioned the Forestry Department to define the situation concerning the possible consequences of global warming on natural hazards and to propose measures which may be taken. The setting up of extensive measurement and information systems, the elaboration of intervention maps, the estimation of the danger potential in exposed areas outside the building zone and the maintenance of existing protective constructions through the creation of a protective constructions register, all form part of the government programme for 2009 to 2012. In the Grisons, forest owners and visitors will have to become accustomed to the fact that their forests must again produce more wood and that, on account of global warming, protective forests will become even more important than they already are today.

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