scholarly journals Development of Cube Texture in Coarse Grained Copper

1990 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sindel ◽  
G. D. Köhlhoff ◽  
K. Lücke ◽  
B. J. Duggan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Cube Texture ◽  
Rolling Texture ◽  
Rolling Reduction ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Oriented Growth ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Deformation Textures ◽  
Oriented Material

Cube oriented deformed material has been detected in the rolling texture measured on edge sections of heavily rolled coarse grained copper. The level of intensity is low, and seems to be independent of rolling reduction over the range 93–98%. Recrystallization textures show an increasing strength of Cube with rolling reduction. The evidence is consistent with the idea that Cube nuclei are created by a mechanism similar to that proposed by Dillamore and Katoh, and the strength of the recrystallized Cube texture depends on oriented growth. Prior grain size effects are briefly examined and it is shown that deformation textures are less sharp in large grain size compared with small grain sized copper at similar strains. It is likely that the effect of grain size on cube texture formation arises from grain size dependent texture changes in the vicinity of the deformed Cube oriented material.

A micromechanics-based constitutive model for nanocrystalline shape memory alloys incorporating grain size effects

2021 ◽  
pp. 1045389X2110282
Author(s):  
Xiang Zhu ◽  
Guansuo Dui ◽  
Yicong Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Shape Memory Alloys ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Boundary Phase ◽  
Length Scale ◽  
Internal Length ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Grain Size Effects

A micromechanics-based model is developed to capture the grain-size dependent superelasticity of nanocrystalline shape memory alloys (SMAs). Grain-size effects are incorporated in the proposed model through definition of dissipative length scale and energetic length scale parameters. In this paper, nanocrystalline SMAs are considered as two-phase composites consisting of the grain-core phase and the grain-boundary phase. Based on the Gibbs free energy including the spatial gradient of the martensite volume fraction, a new transformation function determining the evolution law for transformation strain is derived. Using micromechanical averaging techniques, the grain-size-dependent superelastic behavior of nanocrystalline SMAs can be described. The internal length scales are calibrated using experimental results from published literature. In addition, model validation is performed by comparing the model predictions with the corresponding experimental data on nanostructured NiTi polycrystalline SMA. Finally, effects of the internal length scales on the critical stresses for forward and reverse transformations, the hysteresis loop area (transformation dissipation energy), and the strain hardening are investigated.

Investigation on Grain Size Effect of Rolling Texture in Copper

2016 ◽  
Vol 850 ◽  
pp. 857-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Jiang ◽  
Jing Tao Wang ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Jian Yin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Size Effect ◽  
Rolling Texture ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Grain Size Effect ◽  
Shear Texture ◽  
Ecap Pass ◽  
Ultrafine Grained ◽  
Pole Figures

Cold rolling (CR) was conducted on coarse grained (CG) and ultrafine-grained (UFG) coppers, obtained by 1 and 8 passes in the equal channel angel pressing (ECAP), to investigate the effect of grain size on rolling texture. The microstructure was refined to UFG (~420 nm) with the ECAP pass increased to 8, while only band-like CG microstructure was observed in the 1 pass processed copper. The influence of the texture before CR could be excluded as the crystallographic texture kept similar for different ECAP pass. Pole figures (PFs) showed that the shear texture introduced by ECAP was replaced by rolling texture after CR. Furthermore, the rolling texture was a kind of classical copper-type for the CG copper, while a brass-type rolling texture was observed in the UFG copper. TEM results confirmed that the deformation nanotwins were only observed in the UFG copper, while the microstructure of CG copper was further compressed and subdivided. It indicated that the observed differences in rolling texture component and density might be contributed to the grain size effect which resulted in different deformation mechanism and grain subdivision behavior.

Recovery and Recrystallization as a Function of Deformed Microstructure Orientation in Coarse Grained Cold-Rolled Ni

2007 ◽  
Vol 558-559 ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
H.S. Chen ◽  
Andrew Godfrey ◽  
Niels Hansen ◽  
Qing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Rolling Texture ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Localized Deformation ◽  
Orientation Mapping ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

The effect of crystal orientation on the recovery and recrystallization of cold-rolled Ni (99.96% purity) has been investigated. Particular attention was paid to the annealing response of regions with either the Copper (C), Brass (B) or S rolling texture orientations. Samples with an initial average grain size of approx. 500μm were deformed to strains of up to εvM = 4.5. As a result of the large initial grain size, even after high rolling reductions it is possible to find sufficiently large regions of material with similar crystal orientation to analyze the recovery and recrystallization behaviour as a function of crystal orientation. Microstructural investigations were carried out in the scanning electron microscope using both electron channeling contrast and electron backscatter diffraction orientation mapping. Both the S and C orientation regions exhibit a heterogeneous microstructure containing bands of localized deformation. The presence of volumes surrounded by high angle boundaries in these regions strongly influences both the recovery and recrystallization behaviour of the material. Twinning was observed also to play an important role in the generation of recrystallized grains, with twin chains of up to 3 generations being observed.

Enhanced Electrical Conductivity and Nonstoichiometry in Nanocrystalline CeO2-x

1995 ◽  
Vol 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.B. Lavik ◽  
Y.-M. Chiang ◽  
I. Kosacki ◽  
H.L. Tuller
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Oxygen Vacancy ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
Boundary Resistance ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Nanocrystalline Ceria ◽  
Defect Sites

AbstractDense nanocrystalline CeO2-x. of ∼10 nm grain size exhibits enhanced, PO2-dependent electronic conductivity indicative of intrinsic nonstoichiometric behavior under conditions where coarse-grained counterparts are extrinsic. The enthalpy of reduction is lowered by over 2.4 eV per oxygen vacancy. The nanocrystals also exhibit greatly reduced grain boundary resistance, attributed to grain-size-dependent segregation. We propose that interface doping by selected low energy defect sites dominates the defect and transport properties of nanocrystalline ceria, and possibly other nanocrystalline compounds.

Anomalous Rolling and Annealing Textures of Cold Rolled Copper Foils

2007 ◽  
Vol 558-559 ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Hyeon Kim ◽  
Seung Zeon Han ◽  
Chang Joo Kim ◽  
Soon Young Ok ◽  
In Youb Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Texture Component ◽  
Recrystallization Texture ◽  
Rolling Direction ◽  
Cube Texture ◽  
Rolling Texture ◽  
Fiber Texture ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Copper Foils ◽  
Cold Rolled

Copper foils cold rolled up to 92% reduction exhibited a low intensity of the β-fiber texture and a high intensity of the cube and RD (rolling direction)-rotated cube components. After annealing, the recrystallization texture of the foils could be characterized by the mixture of the cube and the S components. An initial strong cube texture with a large grain size might remain a less developed rolling texture component, cube or RD-rotated cube, which would be the source of the S component in the recrystallization texture.

The Cube Recrystallization-Texture Related Component in the β-Fiber Rolling-Texture FCC Metals

2014 ◽  
Vol 783-786 ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Nyung Lee ◽  
Heung Nam Han
Keyword(s):  
Orientation Relationship ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Cube Texture ◽  
Rolling Texture ◽  
Strain Energy Release ◽  
Growth Theory ◽  
Oriented Growth ◽  
Grain Boundary Mobility ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Cold Rolling Texture

The cold-rolling texture of fcc sheet metals with medium to high stacking fault energies is known to consist of the brass {011}<211>, Cu {112}<111>, Goss {011}<100>, S {123}<634>, and cube {100}<001> components. The recrystallization (Rex) texture of cold-rolled Al, Cu and their alloy sheets is well known to be the cube texture. The 40°<111> orientation relationship between the S and cube components, which has been taken as a proof of the oriented growth theory, has made one believe that the S orientation is responsible for the cube Rex texture. The oriented growth theory is claimed to be associated with grain boundary mobility anisotropy. However, some data indicate the Cu component is linked with the cube component. There is no 40°<111> orientation relationship between the Cu and cube components. The strain-energy-release-maximization model (SERM), in which the strain energy due to dislocations is importantly taken into account, suggests that the Cu and S components in the rolling texture are linked with the cube and ~{031}<100> components in the Rex texture, respectively.

Size Effects on Formability of Copper Foil in Flexible Micro-Bending Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 207-213
Author(s):  
You Juan Ma ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Qing Qian ◽  
Zong Bao Shen
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Size Effect ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Copper Foil ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Feature Size ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Microhardness Distribution ◽  
Different Grain Size

The occurrence of size effects in the microforming leads to the uncertainties in process determination and quality control. In this research, a series of experiments were conducted in UTM4104 testing machine to investigate the grain size effect and feature size effect in micro-bending. Different grain size (d), thickness to grain size ratio () and micro-mold feature size (W) were prepared to explore size effects on formability of copper foil. The formability characterized by forming depth, deformation uniformity and surface integrity was discussed. It was found that the normalized forming depth presented a gradually rise and then declined markedly when N value further decreased to 0.79. The ductile fracture mode was observed for all grain-sized workpiece and the corresponding limit forming depth decreased with increasing grain size. Besides, the thickness thinning distribution and microhardness distribution showed the similar variation tendency like M. Both the standard deviation of thickness reduction and the roughed degree of surface topography indicated the worsening deformation uniformity of the foils with a larger grain size. The inhomogeneous plastic flow of material may be the reason to explain the depression near fracture location which is only observed in coarse-grained workpiece. Overall, it is concluded that the fine-grained copper exhibited better formability as the coarse-grained workpiece experienced severe strain incompatibility.

scholarly journals Effect of cross cold rolling and annealing on microstructure and texture in pure nickel

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-263
Author(s):  
Lixia Wang ◽  
Xingpin Chen ◽  
Tianhong Luo ◽  
Haitao Ni ◽  
Lin Mei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Cube Texture ◽  
Deformation Texture ◽  
Pure Nickel ◽  
Recrystallization Behavior ◽  
Oriented Growth ◽  
Cold Rolling And Annealing ◽  
Deformation Textures ◽  
Annealing Experiments

AbstractThe microstructure and texture in pure nickel were investigated during multi-step cross cold rolling (CCR) and subsequent annealing. It was found that the deformation texture in the CCR nickel was dominated by Brass and rotated Brass about normal direction (ND) (BsND) texture components, along with marginal cube textures. The resulted deformation textures had a significant effect on the recrystallization behavior. Annealing of the CCR nickel at 550°C for 1 h led to the formation of dominant <012> // ND fiber accompanied by minor rotated cube textures, rather than strong cube texture. Increasing the annealing temperature up to 800°C resulted in further enhancement of <012> // ND fiber textures. The possible reasons for recrystallization behavior in annealed CCR sample were discussed based on in-situ annealing experiments from two aspects of oriented nucleation and oriented growth theories.

scholarly journals Understanding Size Effects and Forming Limits in the Micro-Stamping of Industrial Stainless Steel Foils

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Matthias Weiss ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Michael P. Pereira ◽  
Bernard F. Rolfe ◽  
Daniel E. Wilkosz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Bipolar Plate ◽  
Forming Limits ◽  
Tool Profile ◽  
Steel Processing ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Stainless Steel Foils ◽  
Steel Foils

This study investigates the effect of grain size and composition on the material properties and forming limits of commercially supplied stainless steel foil for bipolar plate manufacture via tensile, stretch forming and micro-stamping trials. It is shown that in commercially supplied stainless steel the grain size can vary significantly and that ‘size effects’ can be influenced by prior steel processing and composition effects. While the forming limits in micro-stamping appear to be directly linked to the plane strain forming limits of the individual stainless steel alloys, there was a clear effect of the tensile anisotropy. In contrast to previous studies, forming severity and the likelihood of material failure did not increase with a decreasing channel profile radius. This was related to inaccuracies of the forming tool profile shape.

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