scholarly journals Maternal and environmental factors influencinginfant birth weight in Ibadan, Nigeria

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uche C. Isiugo-Abanihe ◽  
Olubukola A. Oke
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

Nutritional Needs of Low-Birth-Weight Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Caloric Requirements

The goal of feeding regimens for low-birth-weight infants is to obtain a prompt postnatal resumption of growth to a rate approximating intrauterine growth because this is believed to provide the best possible conditions for subsequent normal development. This statement reviews current opinion and practices as well as earlier reviews1-5 of the feeding of the low-birth-weight infant. Caloric Requirement The basal metabolic rate of low-birth-weight infants is lower than that of full-term infants during the first week of life, but it reaches and exceeds that of the full-term infant by the second week. Daily caloric requirements reach 50 to 100 kcal/kg by the end of the first week of life and usually increase to 110 to 150 kcal/kg in subsequent active growth. A partition of the daily minimum energy requirements is shown in Table I.6 There are considerable variations from these average values, depending on both biological and environmental factors. Infants who are small for gestational age tend to have a higher basal metabolic rate than do premature infants of the same weight.7 The degree of physical activity appears to be a characteristic of the individual infant. Environmental factors may have a greater influence than biological variation in determining the total caloric requirements. The maximal response to cold stress can increase the resting rate of heat production up to 2½ times.6Calories expended for specific dynamic action and for fecal losses are dependent on the composition of the milk or formula fed, as well as on individual variations in absorption of

scholarly journals Effect of supplemental pig milk replacer on piglet weight gain and sow backfat thickness

2015 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Zsolt Győri ◽  
Péter Balogh ◽  
László Huzsvai ◽  
Gabriella Novotniné Dankó
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Liquid Milk ◽  
Period Data ◽  
Experimental Group

Sow milk production is the major factor limiting pig growth to weaning. Although the milk production of the sows incremental many environmental factors affect the actual performances. The supplemental milk replacer can be an appropriate solution to ward off disparities and try to equalize the available milk quantity to the piglets according to their appetite, to enlarge the weight of pigs at weaning, ultimately. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of liquid milk supplement on weight development and litter performance of the piglets during the suckling period. Data were collected from 60 farrowings, the weight of 649 piglets in a total were measured at birth, 14 days old and at weaning (28 days), respectively. In the control group (n=319) the piglets were suckled and got prestarter feed from day 10. In the experimental group (n= 330) the piglets had got liquid milk replacer in 10.71% solution, from day 10 after birth together with suckling and prestarter feed, as well. Based on the Duncan's multiple range tests, there were no significant differences in birth weight between the control and experimental group but we found significant differences between the 14 days weight and the weaning weight, subsequently. Based on the CV% of weight the experimental group became more homogenous, in contrary to the weight of the control group at the end of suckling period. The milk supplementation can be an appropriate solution to ward off disparities and to equalize the available milk quantity to the piglets according to their appetite, to enlarge and uniform the weight of pigs at weaning, ultimately.

scholarly journals The effects of breed, sire and environmental factors on the birth and weaning weight of lambs

2020 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
S. Kramarenko ◽  
◽  
A. Kramarenko ◽  
S. Lugovoy ◽  
D. Balan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Size Type

The effects of breed, sire and environmental factors on the birth and weaning weight of lambs The aim of this study was to determine the effect of some important factors influencing on the birth and weaning weight variability in lambs. Data from 2603 ewes was included in the analysis, where 3961 lambs were obtained during the five years of the research. Data was tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the GLM procedure of Minitab Release 13.1. Our results presented significant influence on the year of lambing, breed, ram genotype, age of a dam, type of a birth (litter size), sex of a lamb and on the birth weight and weaning weight of lambs. Keywords: birth and weaning weight of lambs; ram genotype; year of lambing; age of ewes; litter size (type of birth); sex of a lamb; the Ascanian fine-fleece breed.

scholarly journals Some Environmental Factors Affecting Birth Weight, Weaning Weight and Daily Live Weight Gain of Holstein Calves

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdal Yaylak ◽  
Hikmet Orhan ◽  
Alim Daşkaya
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Holstein Calves

The present study was conducted to determine some environmental factors affecting birth weight, weaning weight and daily live weight gain of Holstein calves of a livestock facility in Izmir, Turkey. The data on 2091 calves born between the years 2005-2010 were used to assess the relevant parameters. Effects of calving year, calving month, calf gender and the interaction between calving year and calving month on calves’ birth weights were highly significant. The overall mean of birth weights was 39.6±0.15 kg. In addition, effects of calving year, calving month, gender, birth weight, weaning age, calving year x calving month, calving year x gender and calving year x calving month x gender interactions on weaning weight (WW) and daily live weight gain (DLWG) were highly significant. The overall means of WW and DLWG were respectively found to be 79.7±0.20 kg and 525±2.5 g. A one kilogram increase in birth weight resulted in an increase of 0.89 kg in weaning weight and a decrease of 1.26 g in daily live weight gain. Prenatal temperature-humidity index (THI) affected birth weight of calves (R2=0.67). Increasing THI from 50 to 80 resulted in 3.8 kg decrease in birth weight.

Asthma and Pregnancy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant C. Lynde
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Inhaled Corticosteroids ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Acute Exacerbations ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Asthma’s progression during pregnancy is highly variable. Improvement in symptoms can be seen in 18%–34% of patients, while worsening of symptoms can be seen in 20%–42% of patients. Acute exacerbations of asthma are most frequently seen late in the second trimester and are associated with a viral upper-respiratory infection. An acute exacerbation of asthma in the parturient can result in increased risk of maternal mortality, preterm delivery, and low-birth-weight infants. In patients with moderate to severe asthma, good control with inhaled corticosteroids, such as budesonide, is a cornerstone of reducing morbidity and mortality. The four components of care for the asthmatic patient are education, control of environmental factors, medications, and monitoring of symptoms.

scholarly journals Modeling Genetic and Environmental Factors to Increase Heritability and Ease the Identification of Candidate Genes for Birth Weight: A Twin Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gielen ◽  
P. J. Lindsey ◽  
C. Derom ◽  
H. J. M. Smeets ◽  
N. Y. Souren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF BREED AND CERTAIN ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON BIRTH AND WEANING TRAITS OF RANGE SHEEP

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Vesely ◽  
H. F. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Body Conformation ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
The Face ◽  
Total Variability ◽  
Sources Of Variation

Data collected during a 4-year period from 830 lambs of the Rambouillet, Romnelet, Canadian Corriedale, and Romeldale breeds were used to estimate the effects of breed and certain environmental factors on birth weight, weaning weight, face cover, conformation, and condition score.Rambouillets ranked first in birth weight and weaning weight, had most wool on the face, and scored poorest in conformation. Romnelets ranked second in weaning weight, had least wool-covering on the face, and were judged superior to the other breeds in conformation and condition. Canadian Corriedales had heavier lambs at birth than Romeldales; however, the Romeldales were more open in the face and scored better in conformation and condition.Year was one of the major sources of variation in weaning weight and conformation. Breed and sex contributed largely to variation in face-cover score. Effects of birth and rearing type (single, twin, or twin raised singly) on birth weight, weaning weight, conformation, and condition were significant (P < 0.01) and accounted for a large part of the total variation in birth weight, weaning weight, and condition score. Age of dam had significant effects on birth weight (P < 0.01) and weaning weight (P < 0.05) but was relatively unimportant as a source of variation. Birth weight increased with advancing date of birth, and weaning weight, body conformation score, and condition score improved with age at weaning.The percentage of total variability (sum of squares) due to the fitting of constants for the factors studied was: birth weight, 47; weaning weight, 47; face cover, 19; conformation, 37; and condition, 24.

scholarly journals An Exploration of Socio-demographic, Economic, and Environmental Factors in Black/White Disparities in Low Birth Weight Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. e00511-e00511
Author(s):  
Shondra Loggins Clay ◽  
Markisha J. Woodson ◽  
Renique Kersh
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Public Housing ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Background: Numerous studies have been conducted to seek a better understanding of disparities in adverse pregnancy outcomes. The present study aimed to explore racial differences in influential socio-demographic, economic, and environmental factors in women who have had a low birth weight (LBW) infant (outcome variable). Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: This study used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: The obtained results pointed to statistical racial differences between Non-Hispanic (NH) Black and NH White women in the socio-demographic variable of marital status (P<0.001). Regarding the assessed economic stability variables, employment status (P=0.032), poverty level (P<0.001), earnings (P=0.038), and federal government assistance paying for rent (P=0.007) were statistically significant across the two racial groups. The environmental factors that were statistically significant across racial groups were living in public housing projects (P=0.018), car ownership (P<0.001), and neighborhood safety (P=0.010). The results of the multivariate models revealed that NH Black race and government assistance to pay rent were associated with an increased likelihood of LBW, while being married, having health care coverage, and living in public housing were associated with a decreased likelihood. Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, there were statistically significant racial differences in sociodemographic, economic, and environmental/physical characteristics associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.

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