Abstract 412: Blockade of beta-catenin pathway combined with Aurora kinase activity inhibition enhances antitumor effects in adrenocortical cancer cells

It has been well-established that cancer cells are under constant oxidative stress, as reflected by elevated basal level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), due to increased metabolism driven by aberrant cell growth. Cancer cells can adapt to maintain redox homeostasis through a variety of mechanisms. The prevalent perception about ROS is that they are one of the key drivers promoting tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Based on this notion, numerous antioxidants that aim to mitigate tumor oxidative stress have been tested for cancer prevention or treatment, although the effectiveness of this strategy has yet to be established. In recent years, it has been increasingly appreciated that ROS have a complex, multifaceted role in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and that tumor redox can be targeted to amplify oxidative stress inside the tumor to cause tumor destruction. Accumulating evidence indicates that cancer immunotherapies can alter tumor redox to intensify tumor oxidative stress, resulting in ROS-dependent tumor rejection. Herein we review the recent progresses regarding the impact of ROS on cancer cells and various immune cells in the TME, and discuss the emerging ROS-modulating strategies that can be used in combination with cancer immunotherapies to achieve enhanced antitumor effects.

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Third‐generation EGFR inhibitor HS ‐10296 in combination with famitinib, a multi‐targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, exerts synergistic antitumor effects through enhanced inhibition of downstream signaling in EGFR ‐mutant non‐small cell lung cancer cells

Thoracic Cancer ◽

10.1111/1759-7714.13902 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mi Zhang ◽

Haitian Quan ◽

Li Fu ◽

Yun Li ◽

Haoyu Fu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Kinase Inhibitor ◽

Small Cell ◽

Third Generation ◽

Egfr Inhibitor ◽

Small Cell Lung ◽

Antitumor Effects ◽

Downstream Signaling ◽

Egfr Mutant

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Remodeling of Cancer-Specific Metabolism under Hypoxia with Lactate Calcium Salt in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13071518 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1518

Author(s):

Keun-Yeong Jeong ◽

Jae-Jun Sim ◽

Min Hee Park ◽

Hwan Mook Kim

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Intracellular Calcium ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Calcium Salt ◽

Lactate Production ◽

Tca Cycle ◽

Anaerobic Glycolysis ◽

Human Colorectal Cancer ◽

Antitumor Effects ◽

Enzymatic Activation

Hypoxic cancer cells meet their growing energy requirements by upregulating glycolysis, resulting in increased glucose consumption and lactate production. Herein, we used a unique approach to change in anaerobic glycolysis of cancer cells by lactate calcium salt (CaLac). Human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells were used for the study. Intracellular calcium and lactate influx was confirmed following 2.5 mM CaLac treatment. The enzymatic activation of lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) through substrate reaction of CaLac was investigated. Changes in the intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were confirmed. The cell viability assay, tube formation, and wound-healing assay were performed as well as the confirmation of the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In vivo antitumor effects were evaluated using heterotopic and metastatic xenograft animal models with 20 mg/kg CaLac administration. Intracellular calcium and lactate levels were increased following CaLac treatment in CRC cells under hypoxia. Then, enzymatic activation of LDHB and PDH were increased. Upon PDH knockdown, α-ketoglutarate levels were similar between CaLac-treated and untreated cells, indicating that TCA cycle restoration was dependent on CaLac-mediated LDHB and PDH reactivation. CaLac-mediated remodeling of cancer-specific anaerobic glycolysis induced destabilization of HIF-1α and a decrease in VEGF expression, leading to the inhibition of the migration of CRC cells. The significant inhibition of CRC growth and liver metastasis by CaLac administration was confirmed. Our study highlights the potential utility of CaLac supplementation in CRC patients who display reduced therapeutic responses to conventional modes owing to the hypoxic tumor microenvironment.

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A new flavonoid derivative exerts antitumor effects against androgen‐sensitive to cabazitaxel‐resistant prostate cancer cells

The Prostate ◽

10.1002/pros.24106 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 81 (5) ◽

pp. 295-306

Author(s):

Renato Naito ◽

Hiroshi Kano ◽

Takashi Shimada ◽

Tomoyuki Makino ◽

Suguru Kadomoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Prostate Cancer Cells ◽

Antitumor Effects

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In vitro evaluation of estrogenic, antiestrogenic and antitumor effects of amentoflavone

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327121999454 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 096032712199945

Author(s):

AT Aliyev ◽

S Ozcan-Sezer ◽

A Akdemir ◽

H Gurer-Orhan

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Breast Cancer Cells ◽

Antitumor Effects ◽

Antiestrogenic Activity ◽

Er Positive ◽

In Vivo Effects ◽

Mcf 7

Apigenin, a flavonoid, is reported to act as an estrogen receptor (ER) agonist and inhibit aromatase enzyme. However, amentoflavone, a biflavonoid bearing two apigenin molecules, has not been evaluated for its endocrine modulatory effects. Besides, it is highly consumed by young people to build muscles, enhance mood and lose weight. In the present study, apigenin was used as a reference molecule and ER mediated as well as ER-independent estrogenic/antiestrogenic activity of amentoflavone was investigated. Antitumor activity of amentoflavone was also investigated in both ER positive (MCF-7 BUS) and triple-negative (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells and its cytotoxicity was evaluated in human breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A). Our data confirmed ER agonist, aromatase inhibitory and cytotoxic effects of apigenin in breast cancer cells, where no ER mediated estrogenic effect and physiologically irrelevant, slight, aromatase inhibition was found for amentoflavone. Although selective cytotoxicity of amentoflavone was found in MCF-7 BUS cells, it does not seem to be an alternative to the present cytotoxic drugs. Therefore, neither an adverse effect, mediated by an estrogenic/antiestrogenic effect of amentoflavone nor a therapeutical benefit would be expected from amentoflavone. Further studies could be performed to investigate its in vivo effects.

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Tumor cytotoxicity and immunogenicity of a novel V-jet neon plasma source compared to the kINPen

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-80512-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lea Miebach ◽

Eric Freund ◽

Stefan Horn ◽

Felix Niessner ◽

Sanjeev Kumar Sagwal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Dendritic Cells ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Plasma Source ◽

In Vivo Model ◽

Antitumor Effects ◽

Plasma Device

AbstractRecent research indicated the potential of cold physical plasma in cancer therapy. The plethora of plasma-derived reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) mediate diverse antitumor effects after eliciting oxidative stress in cancer cells. We aimed at exploiting this principle using a newly designed dual-jet neon plasma source (Vjet) to treat colorectal cancer cells. A treatment time-dependent ROS/RNS generation induced oxidation, growth retardation, and cell death within 3D tumor spheroids were found. In TUM-CAM, a semi in vivo model, the Vjet markedly reduced vascularized tumors' growth, but an increase of tumor cell immunogenicity or uptake by dendritic cells was not observed. By comparison, the argon-driven single jet kINPen, known to mediate anticancer effects in vitro, in vivo, and in patients, generated less ROS/RNS and terminal cell death in spheroids. In the TUM-CAM model, however, the kINPen was equivalently effective and induced a stronger expression of immunogenic cancer cell death (ICD) markers, leading to increased phagocytosis of kINPen but not Vjet plasma-treated tumor cells by dendritic cells. Moreover, the Vjet was characterized according to the requirements of the DIN-SPEC 91315. Our results highlight the plasma device-specific action on cancer cells for evaluating optimal discharges for plasma cancer treatment.

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