scholarly journals Complementary Feeding in Developed Countries: The 3 Ws (When, What, and Why?)

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Campoy ◽  
Daniel Campos ◽  
Tomás Cerdó ◽  
Estefanía Diéguez ◽  
José Antonio García-Santos
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

While a wide knowledge exists on the effects of breast milk or infant formula on growth and infant development, less attention has been paid to the importance of complementary feeding (CF). This review focuses on current recommendations for optimal introduction of CF in healthy full-term European infants and discusses the potential impact of this type of feeding on health outcomes. Overall, exclusive breastfeeding is recommended at least for 4 months and preferable for 6 months, followed by the introduction of CF alongside breast milk; infants’ nutrient requirements must meet the differences between nutrients provided by breast milk and the estimated total needs. There is growing evidence that healthy feeding practices during the CF period have positive short- and long-term effects on optimal growth, body composition, neurodevelopment, healthy food preferences, and gut microbiota composition and function; adequate and healthy CF may also diminish the risk of infections, allergies, type 1 diabetes mellitus, as well as celiac and non-communicable diseases. Following the expert recommendations, the design of nutritional strategies must encourage parents to provide a healthy lifestyle for their offspring. Future research should aim to optimize timing, content, and methods of CF; furthermore, it is necessary to explore future CF-targeted health-promoting strategies in early life (appetite regulation, eating patterns, eating behavior, gut dysbiosis, etc.) to prevent growth/obesity outcomes, immune system related-diseases or non-communicable diseases in later life.

scholarly journals Childhood body composition and BMI as a predictor of cardiometabolic non-communicable diseases in adulthood: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amela Bander ◽  
Alexia J Murphy-Alford ◽  
Victor O Owino ◽  
Cornelia U Loechl ◽  
Imara Gluning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Additional Measure ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Proxy Measure

There is growing evidence that childhood malnutrition is associated with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in adulthood and that body composition mediates some of this association. This review aims to determine: if childhood body composition can be used to predict later-life cardiometabolic NCDs; which measures of body composition best predict future NCDs. Three electronic databases were searched for studies where: children aged under 5 year had body composition measured; cardiometabolic health outcomes were measured a minimum of 10 years later. 29 studies met the inclusion criteria. Though a poor proxy measure of body composition, Body mass index (BMI) was commonly reported (n=28, 97%). 25% of these studies included an additional measure (Ponderal Index or skinfold thickness). Only some studies adjusted for current body size (n=11, 39%). Many studies reported that low infant BMI and high childhood BMI increased the risk of NCD-related outcomes in later life but no conclusions can be made about exact timing of child malnutrition and consequent impact on NCD. Because studies focused on BMI rather than direct measures of body composition, nothing can be said about which measures of body composition in childhood are most useful. Future research on child nutrition and long-term outcomes is urgently needed and should include validated body composition assessments as well as standard anthropometric and BMI measurements.

scholarly journals Recommendations on Complementary Feeding as a Tool for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)—Paper Co-Drafted by the SIPPS, FIMP, SIDOHaD, and SINUPE Joint Working Group

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Margherita Caroli ◽  
Andrea Vania ◽  
Maria Carmen Verga ◽  
Giuseppe Di Mauro ◽  
Marcello Bergamini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Local Foods ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Cultural Choices ◽  
The Relationship

Adequate and balanced nutrition is essential to promote optimal child growth and a long and healthy life. After breastfeeding, the second step is the introduction of complementary feeding (CF), a process that typically covers the period from 6 to 24 months of age. This process is, however, still highly controversial, as it is heavily influenced by socio-cultural choices, as well as by the availability of specific local foods, by family traditions, and pediatrician beliefs. The Società Italiana di Pediatria Preventiva e Sociale (SIPPS) together with the Federazione Italiana Medici Pediatri (FIMP), the Società Italiana per lo Sviluppo e le Origine della Salute e delle Malattie (SIDOHaD), and the Società Italiana di Nutrizione Pediatrica (SINUPE) have developed evidence-based recommendations for CF, given the importance of nutrition in the first 1000 days of life in influencing even long-term health outcomes. This paper includes 38 recommendations, all of them strictly evidence-based and overall addressed to developed countries. The recommendations in question cover several topics such as the appropriate age for the introduction of CF, the most appropriate quantitative and qualitative modalities to be chosen, and the relationship between CF and the development of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) later in life.

scholarly journals Long Term Risks to Neonatal Health from Exposure to War—9 Years Long Survey of Reproductive Health and Contamination by Weapon-Delivered Heavy Metals in Gaza, Palestine

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Manduca ◽  
Nabil Al Baraquni ◽  
Stefano Parodi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

Introduction: High levels of environmental contaminants with long term effects and teratogenic and carcinogenic potential, such as heavy metals, were introduced by weaponry in war areas in the last decades. Poorer reproductive health and increases in non-communicable diseases were reported after wars and are the suspected long term effects of contamination by stable war remnants. Although potentially affecting millions of people, this is still an understudied issue of public health. Background: Gaza, Palestine since 2006 has been an object of repeated severe military attacks that left heavy metals remnants in the environment, in wound tissues and that were assumed by the population. Retrospective studies showed a progressive increase in birth defects since the 2006 attacks. In 2011 we started surveillance at birth alongside analysis of the heavy metals load carried by pregnant women and their babies. Methods: We used protocols for birth registration which also document the extent of exposures to attacks, war remnants and to other environmental risks that allow comparison of 3 data sets—2011, 2016 and 2018–2019 (4000–6000 women in each set). By ICP/MS analysis we determined the content of 23 metals in mothers’ hair. Appropriate statistical analysis was performed. Results: Comparison of data in birth registers showed a major increase in the prevalence in birth defects and preterm babies between 2011 and 2016, respectively from 1.1 to 1.8% and from 1.1 to 7.9%, values remaining stable in 2019. Negative outcomes at birth in 2016 up to 2019 were associated with exposure of the mothers to the attacks in 2014 and/or to hot spots of heavy metals contamination. Metal loads since the attacks in 2014 were consistently high until 2018–2019 for barium, arsenic, cobalt, cadmium, chrome, vanadium and uranium, pointing to these metals as potential inducers for the increased prevalence of negative health outcomes at birth since 2016. Conclusions: Bodily accumulation of metals following exposure whilst residing in attacked buildings predispose women to negative birth outcomes. We do not know if the metals act in synergy. Trial for mitigation of the documented negative effects of high metal load on reproductive health, and ensuing perinatal deaths, could now be done in Gaza, based on this documentary record. High load of heavy metals may explain recent increases in non-communicable diseases and cancers at all ages in Gaza. Modern war’s legacy of diseases and deaths extends in time to populations and demands monitoring.

Modeling Chronic Diseases in Relation to Risk Factors

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter van Baal ◽  
Hendriek Boshuizen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Simulation Modeling ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Healthcare Spending ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Multiple Chronic Diseases

In most countries, non-communicable diseases have taken over infectious diseases as the most important causes of death. Many non-communicable diseases that were previously lethal diseases have become chronic, and this has changed the healthcare landscape in terms of treatment and prevention options. Currently, a large part of healthcare spending is targeted at curing and caring for the elderly, who have multiple chronic diseases. In this context prevention plays an important role, as there are many risk factors amenable to prevention policies that are related to multiple chronic diseases. This article discusses the use of simulation modeling to better understand the relations between chronic diseases and their risk factors with the aim to inform health policy. Simulation modeling sheds light on important policy questions related to population aging and priority setting. The focus is on the modeling of multiple chronic diseases in the general population and how to consistently model the relations between chronic diseases and their risk factors by combining various data sources. Methodological issues in chronic disease modeling and how these relate to the availability of data are discussed. Here, a distinction is made between (a) issues related to the construction of the epidemiological simulation model and (b) issues related to linking outcomes of the epidemiological simulation model to economic relevant outcomes such as quality of life, healthcare spending and labor market participation. Based on this distinction, several simulation models are discussed that link risk factors to multiple chronic diseases in order to explore how these issues are handled in practice. Recommendations for future research are provided.

scholarly journals Spectrum of diseases in a medical ward of a teaching hospital in a developing country

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
BR Pokharel ◽  
S Humagain ◽  
P Pant ◽  
R Gurung ◽  
R Koju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Medical Ward ◽  
Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Common Diagnosis

Communicable and respiratory tract diseases especially chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases are the main reasons of admission in medical ward of low and middle income countries. This is different from the developed countries where non communicable diseases are the main reasons of hospital admission. In developing countries the data of hospital admission are still lacking. Therefore this study will help us to assess the common patterns of diseases admitted in a medical ward, the average length of hospital stay etc. The record of 1040 hospitalized patients in medical ward was analyzed for the period of six months from Jan 2010 to Jun 2010. Patient’s medical records were retrieved and data analysis was done to obtain age, sex, common diagnosis, the affected system and the duration of the hospital stay. The data was analyzed by using SPSSV 16. After reviewing the data the most common age of patients being admitted were between 46-65 years (31.5%) followed by more than 65 years (25%) between 26-45 years (21.28%) and less than 25 years (21.28%). Among the admitted patients females were more than the males except in neurolog ward. The most effected system was respiratory (31.73 %),and the most common diagnosis was Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (23.17%). The next common system involved was gastroenterology including liver (18.64%) ,genitourinary (12.01%), cardiovascular ( 11.34%), neurology (9.23%), endocrine (4.80%) hematology (2.30%). The cause for hospital admission by infection in different system was (30.08%) The average duration of hospital stay of the patients was less than 7 days. The respiratory diseases and the infectious disease are the most common disease in Nepal. The communicable diseases still hold a greater position, while non communicable diseases are main reasons for admission to the medical wards in developed countries. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2012,Vol-8,No-2, 7-11 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v8i2.6831

scholarly journals Online Newspaper Framing of Non-Communicable Diseases: Comparison of Mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Chang ◽  
Peter J. Schulz ◽  
Angus Wenghin Cheong
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Online Newspaper ◽  
Stress Burden ◽  
The Way

As non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are now well recognized as the leading cause of mortality among adult populations worldwide, they are also increasingly the focus of media coverage. As such, the objective of this study is to describe the framing of NCDs in the coverage of newspapers, with the understanding that it says something about the society producing it. Automatic content analysis was employed to examine disease topics, risks, and cost consequences, thus providing lay people with a chance of learning the etiology of NCDs and information available for fighting diseases. The result of the computational method identified a total of 152,810 news articles with one of the seven supra-categories of NCDs. The category of metabolic diseases was covered most frequently in the past ten years. Three health risks received ample attention in all 11 newspapers: stress burden, tobacco use, and genetic predispositions. The results evidenced how media framed risk information of illnesses would distort the way in which diseases were selected, interpreted, and the outcome communicated. Future research building on our findings can further examine whether news framing affects the way the readers perceive and prevent NCDs.

scholarly journals Effect of maternal diet on the epigenome: implications for human metabolic disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. Lillycrop
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Postnatal Environment ◽  
Nutritional Environment

The rapid increase in the incidence of chronic non-communicable diseases over the past two decades cannot be explained solely by genetic and adult lifestyle factors. There is now considerable evidence that the fetal and early postnatal environment also strongly influences the risk of developing such diseases in later life. Human studies have shown that low birth weight is associated with an increased risk of CVD, type II diabetes, obesity and hypertension, although recent studies have shown that over-nutrition in early life can also increase susceptibility to future metabolic disease. These findings have been replicated in a variety of animal models, which have shown that both maternal under- and over-nutrition can induce persistent changes in gene expression and metabolism within the offspring. The mechanism by which the maternal nutritional environment induces such changes is beginning to be understood and involves the altered epigenetic regulation of specific genes. The demonstration of a role for altered epigenetic regulation of genes in the developmental induction of chronic diseases raises the possibility that nutritional or pharmaceutical interventions may be used to modify long-term cardio-metabolic disease risk and combat this rapid rise in chronic non-communicable diseases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document