Evaluation of Diarrhea in Patients with COVID-19

Background/Aims:The COVID-19 disease, which was declared epidemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), is a global emergency public health problem. Patients with extrapulmonary symptoms are the group of patients who should be considered for person-to-person transmission in the community. In our study, it was aimed to investigate the characteristics of patients with COVID-19-related diarrhea symptoms. Materials and Methods:The study was conducted retrospectively in COVID-19 rtRT-PCR-positive patients in five medical centers. 3 or more loose/liquid stools per day or increased number of defecations compared to normal defecation were defined as diarrhea. The patients were analyzed in two groups as those with and without diarrhea. Results:1086 patients were included in the study. 78 (7.2%) of the patients had diarrhea. Diarrhea was watery in 54 (69.2%) patients while with blood and mucus in 18 (23.1%) patients. Diarrhea continued for an average of 5.2±1.6 (2-11) days. The clinical and laboratory findings of patients with diarrhea were more serious than those without diarrhea. Diarrhea is more common in the elderly and people with comorbid disease, and patients with diarrhea had higher CMI score and CRP and higher complaints of fever, cough, shortness of breath, myalgia and fatigue. Conclusions:The presence of diarrhea should indicate a suspected COVID-19 infection and suggest testing for early diagnosis of the disease. It should be kept in mind that the course of the disease may be more severe in these patients and precautions should also be taken in terms of fecal transmission during discharge.

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Identification of determinants of healthy ageing in Italy: results from the national survey IDAGIT

Ageing and Society ◽

10.1017/s0144686x20001671 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Erika Guastafierro ◽

Ilaria Rocco ◽

Rui Quintas ◽

Barbara Corso ◽

Nadia Minicuci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neurological Diseases ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

The Elderly ◽

Factor Loading ◽

Healthy Ageing ◽

World Health ◽

Italian Population ◽

Social Environments ◽

Ageing Model ◽

Health Organization

Abstract Healthy ageing is a public health problem globally. In Europe, the dependency ratio of the elderly is expected to increase by 21.6 per cent to 51.2 per cent in 2070. The World Health Organization (WHO) study on healthy ageing started in 2002 as a concept whereby all people of all ages should be able to live in a healthy, safe and socially inclusive way. The aim of this study is to present preliminary results of the project Identification of Determinants of Healthy Ageing in Italy (IDAGIT) that aimed to collect data on the active and healthy ageing of the Italian population aged over 18 using the conceptual framework of the WHO's ageing model. To link the determinants of the IDAGIT studies to those of the WHO model, we performed a confirmatory factor analysis which reported these variables as significant (in order of factor loading): smoking, cognition score, comorbidity, outdoor built environment, participation, working expertise and income. Considering comorbidity, 83.8 per cent of the sample declared not having any chronic diseases or to have only one, and regarding neurological diseases, only nine people had received a diagnosis of stroke. Regarding gender, the personal determinants and physical and social environments did not result in statistically significant differences, whereas we found statistical differences between the aged groups in all variables analysed. These results provide a first bio-psycho-social perspective on ageing in the Italian population.

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How to Control Covid-19 with a Nanobiotherapy?

International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Research ◽

10.47485/2693-2326.1003 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Immune Response ◽

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

Multiple Organ ◽

World Health ◽

Shortness Of Breath ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization ◽

Muscle Ache

The outbreak of emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) in China has been brought to global attention and declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. In a recent study of Nanshan Chen et al., on patients of Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China, from the 99 patients with SARSCoV-2 infection, 51% had chronic diseases and they had symptoms of fever (83%), cough (82%) shortness of breath (31%), muscle ache (11%), fatigue (9%), headache (8%), sore throat (5%), rhinorrhea (4%), chest pain (2%), diarrhea (2%), and nausea and vomiting (1%) [1, 2]. The majority of patients can recover, however, about 25% of patients will progress into severe complications including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which may worsen rapidly into respiratory failure, need an intensive care unit (ICU) and even cause multiple organ failure [3]. Depending on the pathophysiological mechanisms supposed to be involved in the development of the various clinical forms of the disease, various types of treatment have been tested with varying degrees of success. We have developed a nanotherapy to block the entry of the virus into the host cell, to reduce its potential for replication and to regulate the immune response against the microbial aggressor [4].

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Characteristics of geriatric neurology patients treated at the central hospital of Sanglah Denpasar in 2019

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20200073 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 245

Author(s):

Stephanie Elizabeth Gunawan ◽

Anak Agung Ayu Putri Laksmidewi

Keyword(s):

Medical Records ◽

Elderly Population ◽

Neurological Diseases ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Elderly Person ◽

The Elderly ◽

World Health ◽

Central Hospital ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization

Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an elderly person is someone who has entered the age of 60 years and above whose percentage tends to increase along with decreasing morbidity of the elderly. Geriatric Neurology itself is the study of a group of neurological diseases in the elderly. Based on 2012 data, the proportion of elderly population in Indonesia is 7.59%. This is accompanied by an increase in the dependency ratio of the productive age population to the non-productive age population. The results of the 2013 Basic Health Research showed an increase in the prevalence of neurological disease in the elderly which was the main cause of death in 15 regencies in 2011. It is to find out the 5 most neurological diseases in the elderly, clinical characteristics and outcomes of geriatric neurology patients treated at the Central Hospital of Sanglah.Methods: It is a retrospective study using no control by looking at medical records in geriatric neurology patients aged 60 years and over who visited the Central Hospital of Sanglah in the March to May 2019 period.Results: A total of 200 patients consisted of 111 men (55.5%) and 89 women (44.5%) who were divided into 5 most geriatric neurology diseases which included 1. ischemic stroke, 2. bleeding stroke, 3. brain tumor, 4. injury head, and 5. epilepsy. The number of deaths was 16, of which 7 cases were caused by sepsis and pneumonia.Conclusions: Stroke, tumors, head injuries and epilepsy are the dominant neurological diseases found. The focus of care and supervision of elderly neurology patients is expected to be further enhanced to prevent side effects that will extend the patient’s treatment period in the hospital which will automatically increase the burden on the hospital itself.

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Exploring WHO Communication during the COVID 19 Pandemic through the WHO Website Based on W3C Guidelines: Accessible for All?

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17165663 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (16) ◽

pp. 5663

Author(s):

Elena Fernández-Díaz ◽

Patricia P. Iglesias-Sánchez ◽

Carmen Jambrino-Maldonado

Keyword(s):

The Elderly ◽

Point Of View ◽

World Health ◽

Health Crisis ◽

Digital Version ◽

Recommendations For Action ◽

The World ◽

Accessibility Guidelines ◽

Health Organization ◽

Health Content

Health crisis situations generate greater attention and dependence on reliable and truthful information from citizens, especially from those organisations that represent authority on the subject, such as the World Health Organization (WHO). In times of global pandemics such as COVID-19, the WHO message “health for all” takes on great communicative importance, especially from the point of view of the prevention of the disease and recommendations for action. Therefore, any communication must be understandable and accessible by all types of people, regardless of their technology, language, culture or disability (physical or mental), according to the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), taking on special relevance for public health content. This study analysed whether the WHO is accessible in its digital version for all groups of citizens according to the widely accepted standards in the field of the Internet. The conclusion reached was that not all the information is accessible in accordance with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.1, which implies that there are groups that are, to some extent, left out, especially affecting the elderly. This study can contribute to the development of proposals and suggest ways in which to improve the accessibility of health content to groups especially vulnerable in this pandemic.

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Suicide and Attempted Suicide in Pakistan

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910.19.4.172 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 172-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Murad Moosa Khan

Keyword(s):

Attempted Suicide ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

World Health ◽

Suicide Mortality ◽

Mortality Statistics ◽

Current State ◽

Criminal Offenses ◽

The World ◽

Islamic Countries ◽

Health Organization

Suicide and attempted suicide are understudied subjects in Pakistan, an Islamic country where they are considered criminal offenses. National suicide statistics are not compiled nor are suicide mortality statistics reported to the World Health Organization (WHO). Although there are strong religious sanctions against suicide, there are no clear principles against attempted suicide in Islam. Despite this, Pakistan, like many other Islamic countries, has punitive laws against attempted suicide. This has led to both suicide and attempted suicide being underdiagnosed and underreported. Data on suicide and attempted suicide are also difficult to obtain. This article gives an overview of the current state of suicide and attempted suicide in Pakistan, in the context of existing religious and legal factors, highlighting the main findings of the few studies carried out over the last 50 years. It is important that researchers in Islamic countries like Pakistan not be deterred by the apparent low rates of suicide in these countries, but conduct further research in this important yet neglected public-health problem.

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Hepatitis C Worldwide and in Brazil: Silent Epidemic—Data on Disease including Incidence, Transmission, Prevention, and Treatment

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/827849 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Iara Fabricia Kretzer ◽

Andrea do Livramento ◽

Joel da Cunha ◽

Sabrina Gonçalves ◽

Iraci Tosin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C ◽

Viral Hepatitis ◽

Universal Access ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

World Health ◽

Current Status ◽

The World ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Health Organization

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is endemic worldwide and according to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are about 150 million chronic carriers worldwide. The infection is a leading cause of liver diseases like cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); thus, HCV infection constitutes a critical public health problem. There are increasing efforts worldwide in order to reduce the global impact of hepatitis C through the implementation of programmatic actions that may increase the awareness of viral hepatitis and also improve surveillance, prevention, and treatment. In Brazil, about 1,5 million people have been chronically infected with HCV. The country has a vast territory with uneven population density, and hepatitis C incidence rates are variable with the majority of cases concentrated in the most populated areas. Currently, the main priorities of Brazilian Ministry of Health's strategies for viral hepatitis management include the prevention and early diagnosis of viral hepatitis infections; strengthening of the healthcare network and lines of treatment for sexually transmitted diseases, viral hepatitis, and AIDS; improvement and development of surveillance, information, and research; and promotion of universal access to medication. This review aims to summarize the available data on hepatitis C epidemiology and current status of efforts in prevention and infection control around the world and in Brazil.

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VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA A MULHER: FACILIDADES E DIFICULDADES RELACIONADAS A ASSISTÊNCIA MULTIPROFISSIONAL

Revista de Saúde Coletiva da UEFS ◽

10.13102/rscdauefs.v8i1.2094 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 54

Author(s):

Ana Paula Reis de Oliveira ◽

Chalana Duarte Sena ◽

Gilvânia Patrícia Do Nascimento Paixão ◽

Josinete Gonçalves dos Santos Lírio

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Violence Against Women ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

World Health ◽

Brazilian Literature ◽

The World ◽

Current Scenario ◽

Violencia Domestica ◽

Health Organization ◽

Target Agent

Considerada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) como problema de saúde pública, a violência contra a mulher (VCM) é uma epidemia mundial, estima-se que as mulheres em vivência de violência doméstica, ao longo de suas vidas, apresentam mais problemas de saúde e buscam, com mais frequência os serviços de saúde do que pessoas que não sofrem estes maus tratos. Diante do exposto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo: Identificar os fatores que facilitam e dificultam a assistência a saúde a mulher em situação de violência domestica segundo a literatura brasileira, visando à importância da identificação das mulheres em vivência de violência e a ampliação deste cuidado não apenas para a cura/tratamento, mas para o vínculo e acolhimento eficaz e humano entre o agente cuidador e o agente alvo de cuidados, visando à superação tanto do cenário atual, quanto de tal momento doloroso na vida na mulher.Descritores: Violência Doméstica e Sexual Contra a Mulher; Cuidados; associados ao uso do recurso booleano “AND”. ABSTRACT Considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a public health problem, violence against women (VCM) is a worldwide epidemic, it is estimated that women experiencing domestic violence throughout their lives have and seek health services more often than people who do not suffer from these ill-treatment. In view of the above, the present study aims to: Identify the factors that facilitate and hinder the health care of women in situations of domestic violence according to the Brazilian literature, aiming at the importance of identifying women in the experience of violence and the expansion of this care not only for the cure/treatment, but for the effective and humane bonding and reception between the caregiver agent and the target agent of care, aiming at overcoming both the current scenario and that painful moment in life in the woman. Descriptors: Domestic and Sexual Violence Against Women; Care; associated with the use of the boolean "AND".

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The Road to Healthy Ageing: What Has Indonesia Achieved So Far?

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13103441 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 3441

Author(s):

Ray Wagiu Basrowi ◽

Endang Mariani Rahayu ◽

Levina Chandra Khoe ◽

Erika Wasito ◽

Tonny Sundjaya

Keyword(s):

Healthy Aging ◽

Adult Population ◽

Aging Population ◽

The Elderly ◽

World Health ◽

Nutrition Status ◽

The Road ◽

The World ◽

Key Issues ◽

Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) has projected that the world should prepare for an aging society. As the fourth most populous country in the world, the elderly population in Indonesia is also continuously growing. In 2010, the proportion of the elderly group was merely 5%, and it is expected to increase to 11% in 2035. Understanding the current situation of the adult population in Indonesia would be crucial to prepare for the future aging population. This article analyzed the current socio-demographic status, nutrition status, nutrient intake, and health profile of the current Indonesian adult population through a literature review. The key issues to prepare for healthy aging in Indonesia are summarized. Acknowledging the profile of the adult and senior adult population in Indonesia will provide beneficial information for all stakeholders in preparing Indonesia for a better healthy aging population with improved quality of life.

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A Case Study of Hypertension and COVID-19

Gene Cell and Tissue ◽

10.5812/gct.104750 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Alireza Aminisefat ◽

Khadigh Saravani

Keyword(s):

Laboratory Tests ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Cardiopulmonary Arrest ◽

Chest Ct ◽

World Health ◽

Shortness Of Breath ◽

The World ◽

History Of ◽

Health Organization

: In December 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases, caused by a newly identified coronavirus, occurred in Wuhan, China, named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO). We present a 60-year-old woman with a four-day history of headache, myalgia, and weakness. She reported no shortness of breath or chest pain. Her blood pressure was 15/6 mmHg, and she had a history of hypertension. The laboratory tests showed only thrombocytopenia with a platelet count of 30 × 109 /L, and chest CT showed bilateral ground-glass opacities, so she received treatment with three drugs. One day after recovery and discharge from the hospital, she suffered cardiopulmonary arrest at home. Patients with cardiovascular disease are at a higher risk of COVID-19 infection. Therefore, it is necessary to pay particular attention to cardiac injuries caused by viral infections both during and after the treatment of these patients.

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Adherence to Immunization: Rebuttal of Vaccine Hesitancy

Acta Haematologica ◽

10.1159/000511760 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Tamar Etzioni-Friedman ◽

Amos Etzioni

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effects ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

World Health ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization ◽

Near Future ◽

New Vaccines

Immunizations have been saving the lives of millions of people since they were first used by Edward Jenner in 1796, and new vaccines are being developed all the time. Hopefully, a new vaccine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) will be developed in the near future, and perhaps even one for human immunodeficiency virus. Although the effectiveness of vaccinations has been proven over the years and adverse effects to currently available vaccinations are extremely rare, many people continue to defer immunizations for themselves and their families. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), this phenomenon, known as “vaccine hesitancy,” is a major public health problem globally. This review summarizes the unproven adverse effects of various vaccines and stresses the importance of enforcing vaccination policies to minimize vaccine hesitancy. Every effort should be made to improve existing vaccines and to produce new ones, according to carefully designed scientific preclinical and clinical trials. This is particularly important in today’s era, in light of the global transparency regarding vaccination development, and the potential for future pandemics such as COVID-19.

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