Communicating Bad News to Older Patients from the Physician’s Point of View: Focus on the Influence of Gender and Length of Work Experience

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Edoardo Vogliotti ◽  
Giulia Pintore ◽  
Francesca Zoccarato ◽  
Matteo Biasin ◽  
Giuseppe Sergi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Terminally Ill ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Bad News ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Specialty Area ◽  
Gender And Work ◽  
Terminal Diagnosis

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Communicating bad news is of great interest in the geriatric field, but few works have considered the physician’s point of view in this regard. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aim of this study was to explore possible differences related to physicians’ gender and work experience in how a terminal diagnosis is disclosed to older patients. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Study participants were 420 Italian physicians (277 M, 143 F) working in clinical medicine (58.2%), surgery (33.3%), or other medical departments (8.5%). They completed an anonymous multiple-choice questionnaire that investigated various issues associated with communicating bad news to terminally ill older patients. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Men had more work experience than women (55.6% vs. 44.8% had worked for ≥23 years) and were more likely to work in surgery departments, while more women worked in clinical medicine. Most physicians declared that terminally ill older patients, if mentally competent, should always (14.4%) or generally (64.3%) be directly and openly informed of their condition. With no difference in gender, length of work experience, or specialty area, 36.9% of physicians thought that this was a human right and 18% that it would improve the patient’s quality of life. Where older patients were alone, male physicians were more likely than female (30.2% vs. 8.9%) to always communicate bad news directly to them. More than 70% of physicians, especially those with longer work experience, declared that they always or often took enough time to inform the patient. Female physicians and those working in clinical medicine were more likely to need psychological help when deciding to break bad news, but only a smaller proportion declared to have received it. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Gender and work experience may influence how physicians communicate with patients and how often they seek psychological support.

scholarly journals CONFLICTOLOGICAL CULTURE OF PERSONALITY IN A PROFESSIONAL ENVIRONMENT (BY THE EXAMPLE OF PEDAGOGUES AND ENGINEERS)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Shcherbakova ◽  
Anna Tatarinceva
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Gender And Work ◽  
Professional Environment ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

The levels of conflictological culture of pedagogues and engineers, the peculiarities of its formation as well as the comparison of the conflictological culture’s levels among representatives of these specialties on the base of their gender and work experience are analyzed in the proposed research. Each specialist owns a certain level of the conflictological culture’s development and he/she expresses it in a professional environment. The relevance of the research’s theme is caused by the necessity to improve conflictological culture of specialists for their further successful activities. The Aim of the research is the identification of differences in the levels’ formation of specialists’ conflictological culture by the example of pedagogues and engineers and the influence of such a characteristic as a gender and work experience  on it. The Object of the research is the process of forming conflictological culture of pedagogues and engineers. The Methods of the research are the following:1. the theoretical analysis of scientific literature on the given problem;2.the empirical analysis of obtained data reflected the level’s formation of pedagogues and engineers. 

The Gay Oral History Project in Zimbabwe: Black Empowerment, Human Rights, and the Research Process

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 25-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Epprecht
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Community Activists ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Black Empowerment

This paper discusses an attempt to apply historical research directly to the development of a culture of human rights and democracy in Zimbabwe. The research concerns sensitive and controversial issues around sexuality, race, and nationalism that are important in and of themselves. What I would like to argue here, however, is that the method used to design and carry out the research project is at least as interesting. This holds true from the point of view of both professional historians like myself and community activists—two perspectives that are often difficult to reconcile in practice. In this project, “ivory tower” and “grassroots” are brought together in a mutually enriching relationship that offers an alternative model to the methods that currently predominate in the production of historical knowledge in southern Africa.Gays and Lesbians of Zimbabwe (GALZ) is a non-government organization that was founded in 1990. It provides counseling, legal and other support services to men and women struggling with issues of sexuality. It also strives to promote a politics in Zimbabwe that would embrace sexual orientation as a human right. Toward the latter goal it has lobbied government for changes to current laws that discriminate against homosexuals and which expose gay men and women to extortion (so far, in vain). With somewhat more success, it has lobbied the police directly to raise awareness of the extortion issue. GALZ also publishes pamphlets, a newsletter, and other information designed to educate Zimbabweans in general about homosexuality and homophobia. Through these efforts it seeks to challenge popular stereotypes of homosexuals as Westernized perverts who spread diseases and corrupt children. One recent publication included detailed historical research that showed how homosexual practices—including loving and mutual homosexual relationships—have been indigenous to the country throughout recorded history, and probably from time immemorial.

Death and dying

2012 ◽  
pp. 637-652
Author(s):  
Lesley K Bowker ◽  
James D Price ◽  
Sarah C Smith
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Symptom Control ◽  
Death And Dying ◽  
Terminally Ill ◽  
Bad News ◽  
Breaking Bad News ◽  
Subcutaneous Infusion ◽  
Breaking Bad

Breaking bad news 638 HOW TO . . . Break bad news 639 Bereavement 640 HOW TO . . . Promote a ‘healthy bereavement’ 641 Palliative care 642 Symptom control in the terminally ill 644 HOW TO . . . Prescribe a subcutaneous infusion for palliative care 646 Documentation after death 648 Other issues after death ...

scholarly journals Gender differences in reporting workplace violence: a qualitative analysis of administrative records of violent episodes experienced by healthcare workers in a large public Italian hospital

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e031546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Acquadro Maran ◽  
Claudio Giovanni Cortese ◽  
Pierluigi Pavanelli ◽  
Giulio Fornero ◽  
Maria Michela Gianino
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Workplace Violence ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Administrative Records ◽  
Italian Hospital

ObjectivesThis study aims to analyse, from a descriptive and qualitative point of view, the episodes of violence reported by healthcare workers (HCWs) in a large public Italian hospital. Qualitative analysis permits us to collect the victims’ words used to describe the event and the ways in which they dealt with it. A comparison between genders was performed to better understand what type of different strategies could be used to improve the prevention of workplace violence for HCWs.Design and settingThe retrospective observational study was carried out in ‘Città della Salute e della Scienza’, a complex of four interconnected hospitals situated in Northern Italy. This study analysed aggression data from the 4-year period of 2015–2018 that included all HCW categories. The data were obtained from the aggression reporting form.ParticipantsThe analysed records were supplied by 396 HCWs (3.6% of all HCWs in the hospital).ResultsMale HCWs aged <30 years did not report violent episodes that occurred in the workplace, while male HCWs with 6–15 years of work experience reported more violent episodes than their female counterparts. Among the HCW professions, nursing was the profession, in which HCWs were more prone to experience a violent episode, while male medical doctors were more prone to report violent episodes than female medical doctors. Moreover, female HCWs experienced more verbal violence (insults) than male HCWs did, while male HCWs experienced more physical violence (bodily contact) than female HCWs did.ConclusionsThe findings from this explorative study suggest that there is a gender difference in the characteristics of workplace violence perpetrated by patients, patients’ relatives and visitors and in the way in which these episodes are described. Consequently, it is important for informative and preventive courses to consider gender differences in experiencing a violent episode.

Age, gender and work experience as predictors of success

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Fournier ◽  
Elizabeth M. Ineson
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Hospitality Management ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gender And Work

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the predictive value of age, gender and work experience in relation to hospitality management (HM) academic success, as measured by year one leadership programme (LP) achievement and cumulative grade point average (CGPA). The association between LP and CGPA success and internship performance is also evaluated. Design/methodology/approach – The sample comprised 349 international undergraduate HM students. Secondary data were compiled and analysed using SPSS. Eight hypotheses, developed from the literature were tested using χ2, t-tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests as appropriate. Findings – Although age was not a predictor of success, males significantly outperformed females. Pre-programme work experience was not a predictor of LP performance but length of paid work experience and supervisory work experience were linked significantly to mean CGPA. LP achievement was positively associated with CGPA and with successful internship completion. Research limitations/implications – Although the student sample was international and spanned three cohorts, the data collection was limited to one institution. Practical implications – Pre-programme work experience, in particular supervisory experience, and the incorporation of management competency-linked LPs into first-year HM curricula are recommended. Originality/value – The paper contributes to the under-researched predictive value of age, gender and pre-programme work experience in relation to HM academic performance, in particular in an LP context. An additional innovative finding is the positive association between LP achievement and success in HM professional practice.

scholarly journals Patient-centred attitudes among medical students: Gender and work experience in health care make a difference

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. e191-e198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Wahlqvist ◽  
Ronny K. Gunnarsson ◽  
Gösta Dahlgren ◽  
Svante Nordgren
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Gender And Work

scholarly journals Prisoners' right to education: A philosophical survey

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Vorhaus
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Respect For Persons ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Right ◽  
International Conventions ◽  
And Training

Article 26 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights declares: 'Everyone has the right to education.' This implies that the right to education and training applies to all persons, including all persons in prison. This position is considered here from a philosophical point of view and it will receive some support. Yet it is not obvious that the position is correct, nor, if it is, how it is best explained. I will examine the basis for asserting a right to education on behalf of all prisoners, and consider what is required by way of its defence in the face of common objections. I illustrate how international conventions and principles express prisoners' right to education, and I look at how this right is defended by appeal to education as a means to an end and as a human right – required by respect for persons and their human dignity.

A survey to evaluate our physician-trainees' comfort and knowledge in communicating their final good-bye to their terminally ill patient.

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (31_suppl) ◽  
pp. 114-114
Author(s):  
Joel Marcus ◽  
Badi Edmond El Osta ◽  
Bradley Sumrall ◽  
Frank Mott
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skill ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Terminally Ill ◽  
Bad News ◽  
First Year ◽  
Physician Training ◽  
Prior Training ◽  
Pilot Survey ◽  
Final Good ◽  
The Impact

114 Background: Although dealing with end of life (EOL) issues is common and can be stressful in cancer care, very little is taught and written in regards to how healthcare professionals should communicate their final good-bye with their terminally ill patients. There is a wealth of literature available about communicating “bad news”, but a literature review elicited scant data about this topic. Methods: We conducted a pilot survey on 88 house staff physicians to evaluate the frequency, their level of comfort, whether they had prior training and their knowledge about communicating their final good-bye at the EOL and their interest to learn more about this communication skill. Results: 42% were first year trainees across all specialties. 61% encountered at least 1 patient monthly at the EOL. 45% felt comfortable saying good-bye to a patient they were unlikely to see alive again. 54% have expressed interest in learning how to communicate their final good-bye to their patient at the EOL. However, only 5.7% have reported receiving a thorough training and 2.2% endorsed being very knowledgeable in this communication skill. 81% were interested to learn these skills from experienced mentors. Conclusions: Communicating the final good-bye with the terminally ill patient is an important skill that is not routinely taught to our physician-trainees. The majority of them expressed their interest to learn this skill from experienced mentors. Palliative care healthcare professionals can play a pivotal role in our physician training programs by mentoring our trainees on communicating their final good-bye to their terminally ill patient effectively and compassionately. Once implemented, further studies will be needed to assess the impact of experienced mentors on the comfort and knowledge of our physician-trainees in this communication skill.

Gewissen und Recht: Ethisch-theologische Aspekte zur Debatte über das Kirchenasyl

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-56
Author(s):  
Themas Schlag
Keyword(s):  
Specific Form ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
General Question ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Philosophical Concept ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Refugees ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
Meaningful Existence ◽  
The Church

AbstractSince relevant changes in German constitutionallaw concerning the guaranteed right of territorial asylum for political refugees have taken place, a widespread public debate on interpretation and institutional shaping of this fundamental human right can be registered. As a valid part in this debate, efforts from within the Church have been made to instaU a compensation for the diagnosed loss of lawfullness and to point out the present deficiency of the composed constitutional right, fixed in the new article 16 a of the Grundgesetz. These efforts, manifested in the specific form of sanctuary, put on the agenda the general question of the relevance of christian conscience within the public context.Reminding the protestant tradition of the concept of conscience and confronting it with the philosophical concept of recognition, it can be said that from a christian point of view, the engagement in keeping fundamental human rights established, is a constituent part both of christian self-understanding and meaningful existence in society.

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