scholarly journals Comprehensive Morphological Assessment of Cord Blood: Normal Values and the Prevalence of Morphologically Aberrant Leukocytes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben-Zion Katz ◽  
Dan Benisty ◽  
Sigi Kay ◽  
Jacky Herzlich ◽  
Craig Raskind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Differential Count ◽  
Normal Term ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Morphological Assessment

Introduction: Cord blood (CB) is becoming a valuable source for stem cells utilized in a variety of cell therapy applications, as well as for newborn diagnostics. Some parameters of the CB cellular components can be provided by automated analyzers, while others, such as immature or aberrant cells, require blood film morphological assessment. The objectives of the study were to establish normal CB morphology, and to determine the prevalence of morphologically aberrant leukocytes in CB. Methods: We performed a comprehensive morphological analysis of 100 CB samples taken from healthy term and appropriate-for-gestational-age neonates born to healthy mothers, preterm neonates, neonates of diabetic mothers, and small-for-gestational-age neonates. Blood counts were assessed, and manual morphological analyses were performed by laboratory specialists. Results: The manual differential count of normal CB samples established the following values: 47.8±10.7% neutrophils, 31.2±9.8% lymphocytes, 10.0±4.0% monocytes, and 3.0±2.5% eosinophils, with no significant sex-related differences. Blasts were observed in 44/100 samples with an average of 0.5±0.7% per sample, and only a minor left shift was observed. There were significant populations of large granular lymphocytes (19.1±10.6% of the total lymphocytes) and morphologically aberrant lymphocytes (12.4±5.4% of the total lymphocytes) in the samples, irrespective of neonatal status. The differentials of preterm CB samples differ significantly from normal term CB samples, including the reverse of neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio, and the lack of basophils. Conclusions: Normal values and unique morphological features in the CB of neonates are described. The abundant morphologically aberrant lymphocytes in CB may represent an immature state of the immune system at birth.

Neonatal Polycythemia: I. Early Diagnosis and Incidence Relating to Time of Sampling

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mordechai Shohat ◽  
Paul Merlob ◽  
Salomon H. Reisner
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Peripheral Vein ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age

The dynamic changes occurring in hematocrit and blood viscosity within the first 18 hours of life were studied in 50 full-term infants who were vaginally delivered and had weight appropriate for gestational age. In all cases, the cord was clamped within 30 seconds and cord blood was collected from the vein and artery. Subsequently, samples were taken from a peripheral vein at ages 15 minutes, and 2, 4, 6, and between 12 to 18 hours. Both the Hct and blood viscosity reach their peak at age 2 hours. The incidence of neonatal polycythemia varied greatly with age. Thus at the age of 2 hours, ten infants (20%) were polycythemic, whereas by age 6 hours only six (12%) of these infants were still polycythemic and by age 12 to 18 hours only one infant (2%) was polycythemic. A linear correlation was found between cord Hct levels and peripheral venous Hct levels by age 2 hours. None of the infants with cord blood Hct levels ≤56% had developed polycythemia, whereas ten of the 12 infants with cord Hct levels >56% developed polycythemia. In this particular group of infants, cord blood Hct levels may be used for the screening of neonatal polycythemia.

scholarly journals Umbilical cord ghrelin concentrations in small- and appropriate-for-gestational age newborn infants: relationship to anthropometric markers

2004 ◽  
Vol 180 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
EE Onal ◽  
P Cinaz ◽  
Y Atalay ◽  
C Turkyilmaz ◽  
A Bideci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Orexigenic Peptide ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Anthropometric Markers

Ghrelin is a newly discovered orexigenic peptide originating from the stomach. Circulating ghrelin levels reflect acute and chronic energy balance in humans. However, it is not known whether ghrelin also plays a role in energy homeostasis during fetal life. Forty-one small-for-gestational age (SGA) and 34 appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) infants were studied in order to determine whether cord blood ghrelin concentrations were different in SGA infants compared with AGA infants and the relationship to anthropometric measurements at delivery. The cord blood ghrelin concentrations of SGA infants (means+/-S.E.M.; 15.20+/-3.08 ng/ml) were significantly greater than of AGA infants (2.19+/-0.24 ng/ml) (P<0.0001). They were negatively correlated with the infants' birth weights (r=-0.481, P<0.0001) and with body mass index values (r=-0.363, P<0.001). The higher ghrelin concentrations were found in female infants (20.42+/-4.55 ng/ml) than in males (7.05+/-2.27 ng/ml) in the SGA group (P=0.042). These data provide the first evidence that cord ghrelin levels of SGA infants are greater than those of AGA infants and it is suggested that ghrelin is also affected by nutritional status in the intrauterine period.

Study of Cord Blood Erythropoietin, Leptin and Adiponectin Levels in Neonates with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-220
Author(s):  
Adel A. Hagag ◽  
Mohamed S. El Frargy ◽  
Amal E. Abd El-Latif
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Early Predictors ◽  
Group I ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Normal Neonates ◽  
Ischemic Encephalopathy

Background: Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a serious condition which results in neonatal morbidity and mortality. Early prediction of HIE especially in the first six hours of birth leads to early treatment with better prognosis. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, and erythropoietin between normal neonates and those with HIE for the possible use of these markers for assessment of the degree of HIE and as markers for early prediction of HIE. Patients and Methods: This study was carried out on 50 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) neonates with HIE born in Tanta University Hospital during the period from June 2016 to March 2018 (Group I). This study also included 50 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) normal neonates not suffering from any complications and matched with group I in age and sex as a control group (Group II). For all neonates in both groups, the following were done: Complete prenatal, natal, and postnatal history, assessment of APGAR score at 5 and 10 minutes, complete clinical examination with special account on clinical evidence of encephalopathy including hypotonia, abnormal oculomotor or pupillary movements, weak or absent suckling, apnea, hyperpnea, or seizures, measurement of cord blood gases and measurement of serum erythropoietin, leptin and adiponectin levels by ELISA immediately after birth. Results: There were no significant differences between Group I and Group II regarding gestational age, male to female ratio, mode of delivery, and weight while there were significant differences regarding Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes with significantly lower Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes in group I compared with Group II. There were significantly lower cord blood PH and adiponectin level and significantly higher cord blood Leptin and erythropoietin in group I compared with group II. There were significant differences between cord blood adiponectin, leptin, erythropoietin, and PH in different degrees of HIE with significantly lower cord blood adiponectin and PH and significantly higher cord blood leptin and erythropoietin in severe degree of hypoxia compared with moderate degree and in moderate degree compared with mild degree of hypoxia. There was a significant positive correlation between cord blood erythropoietin and leptin and a significant negative correlation between cord blood erythropoietin and both adiponectin and PH in studied neonates with hypoxia. ROC curve showed that EPO had the best sensitivity and specificity followed by leptin then adiponectin while the PH had the least sensitivity and specificity as early predictors of hypoxic neonates. Conclusion and Recommendations: Neonates with HIE had lower cord blood PH and adiponectin levels and higher leptin and erythropoietin levels than normal healthy neonates at birth and during the early postnatal period. The significant differences between cord blood erythropoietin, leptin, and adiponectin between neonates with hypoxia compared with normal neonates may arouse our attention about the use of these markers in the cord blood as early predictors of neonatal HIE which can lead early treatment and subsequently better prognosis.

scholarly journals Cord Blood Levels of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 May Be Early Predictors of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Newborns Small for Gestational Age

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Rocha ◽  
Elisa Proença ◽  
Ana Guedes ◽  
Carmen Carvalho ◽  
Augusta Areias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Early Predictors ◽  
Blood Cytokines ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Preterm Newborns

Introduction: Various cytokines have been associated to the occurrence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm neonates.AIM: To establish an association between cord blood cytokines and BPD, so that they could be used, in clinical practice, as early markers of BPD.Material and methods: Preterms less than 30 weeks gestational age, were analysed by ELISA microassay for venous cord blood IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-αand IL-10, and compared between the BPD and non-BPD groups.Results: One hundred and fifty neonates completed the study; 31 (21%) small for gestational age (SGA); 16 were deceased before 28 days of life; 36 developed mild BPD and 20 developed moderate/severe BPD. Elevated cord blood IL-8 was associated with death or moderate/severe BPD. SGA patients with moderate/severe BPD presented higher cord blood values of IL-8, lower IL-6 and IL-10 when compared with SGA without moderate/severe BPD; and higher IL-8 levels when compared with patients without moderate/severe BPD.Conclusion: These results support an association between cord blood IL-8 and moderate/severe BPD, independently of the intra-uterine growth; and the association of cord blood IL-6 and IL-10 and moderate/severe BPD in SGA preterm newborns.

Cord blood galectin-1 and -3 concentrations in term pregnancies with normal restricted and increased fetal growth

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodora Boutsikou ◽  
Maria Giotaki ◽  
Maria Boutsikou ◽  
Despina D. Briana ◽  
Stavroula Baka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Angiogenic Activity ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age

AbstractTo determine levels of galectins (gal)-1 and -3 (implicated in angiogenesis/immunologic mechanisms) in intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR), large (LGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) pregnancies, as these groups differ in fat mass, angiogenic patterns and immune responses.Cord-blood (UC) gal-1 and -3 concentrations were measured in 30 IUGR, 30 LGA and 20 AGA singleton full-term infants and their mothers (MS).IUGR, LGA and AGA groups did not differ in gal-1 and -3 concentrations. UC gal-1 levels were lower when mothers were older [b=–0.651, CI 95% –1.186 (–0.116), P=0.018] and UC gal-3 levels were increased when mothers presented gestational diabetes [b=9.836, CI 95% 3.833- (15.839), P=0.002].In IUGRs MS gal-3 and in LGAs UC gal-1 were decreased in multiparas [b=–5.372, CI 95% -9.584- (–1.161), P=0.014], and [b=–7.540, CI 95% -14.606- (–0.473), P=0.037], respectively.No correlations were found between MS or UC gal-1 and gal-3 concentrations.Lower UC gal-1 levels, when mothers were older, and increased UC gal-3 levels in cases of gestational diabetes, possibly reflect angiogenic activity. In multiparas, decreased MS gal-3 and UC gal-1 levels in IUGR/LGA, respectively, might imply inflammatory response against immunosuppression expected in subsequent pregnancies, as compared to the first one.

scholarly journals Small for Gestational Age Preterm Neonates Exhibit Defective GH/IGF1 Signaling Pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Motte-Signoret ◽  
Shivani Shankar-Aguilera ◽  
Sylvie Brailly-Tabard ◽  
Yohan Soreze ◽  
Valentina Dell Orto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Prospective Comparative Study ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To investigate the impact of fetal growth restriction (FGR) on hormonal regulation of post-natal growth and glucose metabolism [via insulin and growth hormone (GH)/Insulin-like Growth factor 1 (IGF1) axis pathways] in small for gestational age (SGA) neonates.Methods: We conducted a monocentric observational prospective comparative study on 73 singleton babies born with a weight inferior to 2,000 g. We analyzed auxological (weight, height and head circumference), and hormonal (GH, IGF1, and insulin plasma concentrations) data comparing SGA and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) neonates, between day 1 and 60.Results: One third (23/73) of the neonates were SGA. Twenty-five percent (18/73) required insulin for idiopathic hyperglycemia of prematurity and were smaller in weight and head circumference at discharge. In the SGA group compared with the AGA group, GH plasma concentrations were higher at day 3 (70.1 vs. 38.0 mIU/L) and IGF1 plasma concentrations were higher at day 10 (29.0 vs. 18.7 ng/ml).Conclusions: SGA neonates displayed resistance to GH and IGF1, concomitant to insulin resistance. This could partially explain the initial defective catch-up growth and, later in life, the higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome in this population.

Normal Values And Variation Of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (Tsh) In Cord Blood Of Babies Bornover A Period Of 1 Year

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3177-3182
Author(s):  
Suresh S Choudhary ◽  
Langade R A ◽  
Kshirsagar V Y
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Normal Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
History Of

A hospital-based prospective study was conducted with 1200 neonates to evaluate the normal values of cord blood TSH and its variations among term babies and identify maternal factors affecting the cord blood TSH. ResultsMajority of the mothers (53.8%) were in the age group of 26-35 years.44.6% mothers were primigravida, None of the mothers had a history of anti-thyroid drug intake or a history of maternal goitre. Majority of the mothers (97.1%) were from a rural area, 70 (55.11%) and 22 (17.32%) mothers developed hypertension and hypothyroidism respectively while 20 (15.74%) and 15 (11.81%) patients developed Gestational diabetes mellitus and HTN+GDM respectively of 127 mothers with antenatal complications: 708 (59%) and 48 (4%) newborns delivered through Normal Vaginal Delivery. Maximum neonates (98.9%) were Appropriate for Gestational Age (AGA) while 0.8%. The incidence of male and female neonates was 640 (53.3%) and 560 (46.7%) respectively. 655 (54.6%) and 531 (44.3%) neonates weighed in the range of 2.501 – 3.000 kgs and 3.001– 3.500 kgs respectively. 1125 (93.7%) neonates had an APGAR score of 5-7. Eighty-two neonates had CBTSH level of >20mIU/L. Eighty-two neonates with CBTSH level of >20mIU/L were followed up on 7thday and 21stday of life. On 7th day, 12 neonates had raised TSH and low T4.On the 21st day out of these 12 neonates, only two neonates had significant raised TSH and low values of T4. Treatment was started for these two neonates. The CBTSH levels were found to increase with increasing maternal age. There was a significant association of CBTSH levels and maternal age, mode of delivery, antenatal complications. There is an urgent need for adopting universal screening of all neonates for congenital hypothyroidism. Babies with CBTSH levels of >20mIU/L should be evaluated on 7th and 21st day of life for TSH and T4 levels for earlier interpretation of congenital hypothyroidism.

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