Intelligent machine for sorting semi-precious minerals

The history of Indian diplomacy conceptualises diplomacy racially—as invented by the West—and restrictively—to offence. This is ‘analytic-violence’ and it explains the berating of Indians for mimicking diplomacy incorrectly or unthinkingly, and the deleting, dismissing, or denigrating, of diplomatic practices contradicting history’s conception. To relieve history from these offences, a new method is presented, ‘Producer-Centred Research’ (PCR). Initiating with abduction, an insight into a problem—in this case Indian diplomacy’s compromised historicisation—PCR solves it by converting history’s racist rationality into ‘rationalities’. The plurality renders rationality one of many, permitting PCR’s searching for rationalities not as a function of rationality but robust practices explicable in producer’s terms. Doing so is exegesis. It reveals India’s nuclear diplomacy as unique, for being organised by defence, not offence. Moreover, offence’s premise of security as exceeding opponent’s hostility renders it chimerical for such a security is, paradoxically, reliant on expanding arsenals. Additionally, doing so is a response to opponents. This fragments sovereignty and abdicates control for one is dependent on opponent’s choices. Defence, however, does not instigate opponents and so really delivers security by minimising arsenals since offence is eschewed. Doing so is not a response to opponents and so maintains sovereignty and retains control by denying others the right to offense. The cost of defence is courage, for instance, choosing to live in the shadow of nuclear annihilation. Exegesis discloses Balakot as a shift from defence to offence, so to relieve the Bharatiya Janata Party’s (BJP) leadership of having to be courageous. The intensity of the intention to discard courage is apparent in the price the BJP paid. This included equating India with Pakistan, permitting it to escalate the conflict, and so imperiling all humanity in a manner beyond history.

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Inferring age from otolith measurements: a review and a new approach

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f04-063 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 61 (7) ◽

pp. 1269-1284 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

RIC Chris Francis ◽

Steven E Campana

Keyword(s):

Simulation Experiment ◽

Cost Benefit Analysis ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

New Method ◽

Population Parameters ◽

Benefit Analysis ◽

Mixture Analysis ◽

New Approach ◽

Individual Fish ◽

The Cost

In 1985, Boehlert (Fish. Bull. 83: 103117) suggested that fish age could be estimated from otolith measurements. Since that time, a number of inferential techniques have been proposed and tested in a range of species. A review of these techniques shows that all are subject to at least one of four types of bias. In addition, they all focus on assigning ages to individual fish, whereas the estimation of population parameters (particularly proportions at age) is usually the goal. We propose a new flexible method of inference based on mixture analysis, which avoids these biases and makes better use of the data. We argue that the most appropriate technique for evaluating the performance of these methods is a costbenefit analysis that compares the cost of the estimated ages with that of the traditional annulus count method. A simulation experiment is used to illustrate both the new method and the costbenefit analysis.

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Influence of Temperature Fields on the Quality of Dried Wood Products

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1038.336 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1038 ◽

pp. 336-344

Author(s):

Olena Pinchevska ◽

Andriy Spirochkin ◽

Denys Zavialov ◽

Rostislav Oliynyk

Keyword(s):

Experimental Studies ◽

Wood Products ◽

Temperature Fields ◽

Drying Process ◽

Wood Moisture ◽

Adequate Model ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

White Spots ◽

The Cost ◽

Wood Heating

The reasons of white spots appearance in the middle of oak timber are determined. These white spots reduce the cost of the lamina made of oak timbers - the front covering of floorboards. It is proposed to intensify the drying process by using oscillating drying schedules to avoid this defect. A method for calculating the duration of such drying is proposed. This method includes the peculiarities of heating and cooling periods kinetics of oak timbers with 25 mm and 30 mm thickness. The inexpediency of using the oscillation of the drying agent parameters in the range of wood moisture content below 20% has been established. An adequate model for calculating wood temperature and air humidity during wood heating and cooling periods has been developed using heat and mass transfer criteria and experimentally determined oak wood moisture conductivity coefficient. Based on the results of theoretical and experimental studies oscillating drying schedules of different thickness oak timbers are offered. Tests of the proposed schedules in industrial conditions showed no discoloration of the central layers of European oak (Quercus robur) timbers. The drying process duration was reduced by 1.5–2.4 times and energy consumption were reduced by 1.53 times.

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A new method for the culture of marine sponges and its application for experimental studies

Ophelia ◽

10.1080/00785326.1986.10429715 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 75-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Dagmar Barthel ◽

Hans Theede

Keyword(s):

Experimental Studies ◽

Marine Sponges ◽

New Method

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Since blood transfusion is linked to the magnitude of the surgical procedure, comparing transfused patients to untransfused patients will always be confounded by infection risks due to factors related to the procedure. To control for these factors one must compare patients transfused with red cells from different sources or prepared in a manner which minimize infection risk. Patients transfused with homologous blood have infection rates several fold higher than recipients of equal values of autologous blood undergoing the same operative procedure (20-23). Homologous blood recipients have significantly longer hospital stays attributed to treating infections. The cost of a blood transfusion exceeds the cost of collection, storage and administration because of transfusion's association with length of stay. In this era of cost-containment the association with prolonged stay may ultimately curtail the use of blood. Homologous blood can be filtered to remove donor leukocytes which may be contributing to immune suppression and infection risk. A prospective randomized trial comparing the infection rates among colorectal cancer patients receiving filtered and unfiltered blood has been conducted (9). There were 17 infectious complications among the 56 recipients of whole blood and one infectious complication among the 48 recipients of filtered blood. Infections were prevented by the seemingly simplistic addition of a $25/filter to every bag of blood transfused. These clinical studies are very convincing: homologous blood transfusion is associated with increased risk of infection in every clinical situation examined. In multivariate analyses transfusion was a significant predictor of infection after consideration of other variables measured and in the majority of those studies transfusion was the single most significant factor. Patients receiving homologous blood exhibited an incidence of infectious complications that was approximately four times higher than patients receiving autologous blood. The association of transfusion with infection is found among patients undergoing surgery for cardiac, orthopedic and gastrointestinal disorders and for trauma as well as among unoperated patients transfused for bums and gastrointestinal bleeding. The observation that nosocomial infections are increased in these studies argues strongly that the association of transfusion with infection is not simply a reflection of transfusion as a marker of tissue destruction and contamination. Infections that develop in transfused patients away from the site of trauma or in the absence of trauma, cannot be attributed to the quantity of tissue destroyed or to the degree of bacterial contamination. Filtered blood can remove leukocytes and prevent postoperative infections. Since filtering blood can significantly reduce the incidence of infection among transfused patients, all transfused blood will be passing through filters in the very near future. EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES RELATING BLOOD TRANSFUSION TO INCREASED RISK OF INFECTION Patients are extremely heterogeneous and even in prospective randomized trials, factors which influence patients' participation affect the outcome despite double-blinding and randomization. In animal studies using syngeneic strains with identical housing, lighting, access to food and water, control over the extent of injury, use of antibiotics and exposure to other variables the influence of a single variable such as blood transfusion can be measured. Dr. Waymack's laboratory has intensively studied parameters which interact with transfusion in

Transfusion Immunology and Medicine ◽

10.1201/9781482273441-25 ◽

1995 ◽

pp. 296-296

Keyword(s):

Blood Transfusion ◽

Autologous Blood ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Infection Risk ◽

Infectious Complications ◽

Risk Of Infection ◽

Infection Rates ◽

Homologous Blood ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Cost

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ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF TABLE GRAPEVINE VARIETIES’ CULTIVATION

Russian vine ◽

10.32904/2712-8245-2020-14-85-89 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 85-89

Author(s):

N.A Tikhomirova ◽

◽

M.R. Beibulatov ◽

N.A. Urdenko ◽

R.A. Buival ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Economic Efficiency ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Cost Of Care ◽

Important Condition ◽

High Productivity ◽

Care Technology ◽

The Cost ◽

Grape Varieties ◽

Intensive Development

The economic efficiency of the cultivation of grapes as a branch of agriculture depends on the adaptation of grape varieties to the soil and climatic conditions of the place of growth. When developing new agricultural practices and technological solutions for the cultivation of grapes, it is necessary to assess the econom-ic efficiency of the proposed innovative ap-proaches. The cultivation of such grape varie-ties is becoming important and relevant, which, with high productivity and the use of differen-tiated care technology, require minimal costs when servicing the bushes and harvesting. In-creasing labor productivity in the viticulture industry is the most important condition for the intensive development of production. One of these conditions today is the formation of a bush according to the technology element, the shape of a bush AZOS-1, which allows to re-duce the cost of care and harvesting of grapes. The conducted research on the technology of cultivation of table grape varieties in connec-tion with the use of a new form of bush made it possible to economically substantiate the economic efficiency of growing grapes.

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r2SCAN-3c: An Efficient “Swiss Army Knife” Composite Electronic-Structure Method

10.26434/chemrxiv.13333520.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Stefan Grimme ◽

Andreas Hansen ◽

Sebastian Ehlert ◽

Jan-Michael Mewes

Keyword(s):

Electronic Structure ◽

Density Functional ◽

Chemical Space ◽

Noncovalent Interactions ◽

New Method ◽

Basis Set ◽

Basis Set Superposition Error ◽

Benchmark Database ◽

The Cost ◽

Conformational Energies

The recently proposed second revision of the SCAN meta-GGA density-functional approximation (DFA) {Furness et al., J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2020, 11, 8208-8215, termed r2SCAN} is used to construct an efficient composite electronic-structure method termed r2SCAN-3c, expanding the "3c'' series (hybrid: HSE/PBEh-3c, GGA: B97-3c, HF: HF-3c) to themGGA level. To this end, the unaltered r2SCAN functional is combined with a tailor-made triple-zeta Gaussian AO-basis as well as with refitted D4 and gCP corrections for London-dispersion and basis-set superposition error. The performance of the new method is evaluated for the GMTKN55 thermochemical database covering large parts of chemical space with about 1500 data points, as well as additional benchmarks for noncovalent interactions, organometallic reactions, lattice energies of organic molecules and ices, as well as for the adsorption on polar salt and non-polar coinage-metal surfaces. These comprehensive tests reveal a spectacular performance and robustness of r2SCAN-3c for reaction energies and noncovalent interactions in molecular and periodic systems, as well as outstanding conformational energies, and consistent structures. At just one tenth of the cost, r2SCAN-3c provides one of the best results of all semi-local DFT/QZ methods ever tested for the GMTKN55 benchmark database. Specifically for reaction and conformational energies as well as for noncovalent interactions, the new method outperforms hybrid-DFT/QZ approaches, compared to which the computational savings are even larger (factor 100-1000). In relation to other "3c'' methods, r2SCAN-3c by far surpasses the accuracy of its predecessor B97-3c at only about twice the cost. The perhaps most relevant remaining systematic deviation of r2SCAN-3c is due to self-interaction-error, owing to its mGGA nature. However, SIE is notably reduced compared to other (m)GGAs, as is demonstrated for several examples. After all, this remarkably efficient and robust method is chosen as our new group default, replacing previous low-level DFT and partially even expensive high-level methods in most standard applications for systems with up to several hundreds of atoms.

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INVESTIGATION OF THE METHOD OF PROCESSING HOLES WITH A ROTARY CUP CUTTER WITH SURFACING

Istrazivanja i projektovanja za privredu ◽

10.5937/jaes0-27504 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Bakytzhan Donenbayev ◽

Karibek Sherov ◽

Assylkhan Mazdubay ◽

Aybek Sherov ◽

Medgat Mussayev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Cutting Tool ◽

Large Diameter ◽

Cutting Tools ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

Hard Metal ◽

Metal Plates ◽

Study Results ◽

The Cost

This article presents the experimental study results of the process of rotational friction holes boring using a cup cutter surfaced by STOODY M7-G material. As a result of experimental studies, the following quality indicators were achieved: surface roughness within Ra=10÷1,25 micrometer; surface hardness within HB 212-248. Using a cup cutter surfaced by STOODY M7-G material in case of rotational friction boring of large-diameter holes for large-sized parts can improve processing performance in comparison with cutting tools equipped with hard metal plates and provided the required surface roughness. Preliminary calculations showed that the manufacture of cup cutters from non-instrumental materials reduces the cost of the cutting tool by 5-7 times and the cost of the operation by 1.5-2 times.

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r2SCAN-3c: An Efficient “Swiss Army Knife” Composite Electronic-Structure Method

10.26434/chemrxiv.13333520.v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Stefan Grimme ◽

Andreas Hansen ◽

Sebastian Ehlert ◽

Jan-Michael Mewes

Keyword(s):

Electronic Structure ◽

Density Functional ◽

Chemical Space ◽

Noncovalent Interactions ◽

New Method ◽

Basis Set ◽

Basis Set Superposition Error ◽

Benchmark Database ◽

The Cost ◽

Conformational Energies

The recently proposed second revision of the SCAN meta-GGA density-functional approximation (DFA) {Furness et al., J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2020, 11, 8208-8215, termed r2SCAN} is used to construct an efficient composite electronic-structure method termed r2SCAN-3c, expanding the "3c'' series (hybrid: HSE/PBEh-3c, GGA: B97-3c, HF: HF-3c) to themGGA level. To this end, the unaltered r2SCAN functional is combined with a tailor-made triple-zeta Gaussian AO-basis as well as with refitted D4 and gCP corrections for London-dispersion and basis-set superposition error. The performance of the new method is evaluated for the GMTKN55 thermochemical database covering large parts of chemical space with about 1500 data points, as well as additional benchmarks for noncovalent interactions, organometallic reactions, lattice energies of organic molecules and ices, as well as for the adsorption on polar salt and non-polar coinage-metal surfaces. These comprehensive tests reveal a spectacular performance and robustness of r2SCAN-3c for reaction energies and noncovalent interactions in molecular and periodic systems, as well as outstanding conformational energies, and consistent structures. At just one tenth of the cost, r2SCAN-3c provides one of the best results of all semi-local DFT/QZ methods ever tested for the GMTKN55 benchmark database. Specifically for reaction and conformational energies as well as for noncovalent interactions, the new method outperforms hybrid-DFT/QZ approaches, compared to which the computational savings are even larger (factor 100-1000). In relation to other "3c'' methods, r2SCAN-3c by far surpasses the accuracy of its predecessor B97-3c at only about twice the cost. The perhaps most relevant remaining systematic deviation of r2SCAN-3c is due to self-interaction-error, owing to its mGGA nature. However, SIE is notably reduced compared to other (m)GGAs, as is demonstrated for several examples. After all, this remarkably efficient and robust method is chosen as our new group default, replacing previous low-level DFT and partially even expensive high-level methods in most standard applications for systems with up to several hundreds of atoms.

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