scholarly journals Environmental sanitation factors as prevalence support of soil transmitted helminths

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 834
Author(s):  
Edy Sapada ◽  
Wita Asmalinda
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Environmental Sanitation ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
Sample Data

The prevalence of soil transmitted helminths (STH) is closely related to the defecation facilities for rural communities, such as: the habit of defecating openly on the ground, in gardens and using open latrines in rivers. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of environmental sanitation risk factors on the prevalence of STH infection. This study was included in an analytical epidemiological study at two locations, using a cross sectional study as the research design. The location were Sri Kembang Village, Bukit Village, which is included in Betung District, Banyuasin Regency, and South Sumatra, Indonesia for 30 days. There were 252 students as the research sample. Data analysis showed that the prevalence of T. trichiura was higher in Sri Kembang State Primary School Number 1 with mild to very severe infection degrees. The intensity of A. lumbricoides infection in Bukit State Primary School Number 1 got a higher prevalence than Sri Kembang. Open defecation, gardens or open latrines, and types of houses with dirt floors indicate environmental sanitation factors that are sufficient to support the prevalence of STH. For further research, it is recommended to examine socio-economic risk factors.

scholarly journals Splenectomy and its relation to non-transfusion-transmitted infection in thalassemic patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Mururul Aisyi ◽  
Alan Roland Tumbelaka ◽  
Bulan Ginting Munthe ◽  
Bambang Madiyono
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transfusion Transmitted Infection ◽  
Common Group ◽  
Level Of Significance

Background Splenectomy has been associated with an increasedsusceptibility to infection. Overwhelming postspelenectomy infec-tion (OPSI) can lead to high mortality. Decreased IgM and tuftsinconcentration on splenectomized patients seems to play a role ininfection’s susceptibility. Many studies have been performed todetermine the risk factors of infection in thalassemic patients.Objective To find out morbidity patterns and risk factors for pre-dicting the likelihood of infection in splenectomized thalassemicpatients.Methods A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted onconfirmed thalassemic children who came to Department of ChildHealth, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital within the period of 1973-2003. Splenectomized patients were categorized as cases groupand non-splenectomized patients as control group. Risk factors fordevelopment of common cold and diarrhea were analyzed usingchi-square test with level of significance <0.05.Results A total of 300 thalassemic patients, 100 of them were sple-nectomized, were enrolled in this study. The 15-year-age group orabove is the most common group underwent splenectomy (35%).Common cold is the most common mild infection in both splenec-tomized group (75%) and non-splenectomized (71%). A significantassociation was found between the risk of infection and splenec-tomy in thalassemic patients (OR=3.8;CI=2.2;6.62; P=0.000). As-sociation between time after splenectomy and frequency of com-mon cold in thalassemia was significant (OR=2.85;CI=1.16;7.14;P=0.011). Severe infection and acute diarrhea were considerednot significantly different between the two groups.Conclusion Splenectomy in thalassemia can increase the sus-ceptibility of non-transfusion-transmitted mild infection. Furtherstudy is needed to elaborate this finding

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Infection with Soil Transmitted Helminths, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia duodenalis in Children Enrolled in Preschools in Kafue District, Zambia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Siwila ◽  
Annette Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths

Intestinal parasitic infections are common among children worldwide. This study was aimed at determining risk factors for infection with soil transmitted helminths, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia duodenalis, among children in preschools. The study was in two parts: a cross-sectional study in which data were collected from 403 children from 10 preschools and a longitudinal study in which 100 children from four preschools from the previous 10 were selected. Prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides was 12.0%, while that of hookworm was 8.3%. Overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium and G. duodenalis was 28.0% and 29.0%, respectively. Low education level of parent/guardian was a significant risk factor for A. lumbricoides (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.02–5.41; P=0.04), while roofing types other than corrugated iron sheets were found to be protective for G. duodenalis infection in both bivariate and multivariate analyses (multivariate: OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.45–0.99; P=0.04). Low socioeconomic level was found to be protective for Cryptosporidium spp. infection in multivariate analysis (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.35–0.99; P=0.04). In the longitudinal study, none of the factors were associated with either infection. These findings may have implications for other preschools in other districts in Zambia.

scholarly journals Cognitive Impairment in Rural Elderly Population in Ecuador

2017 ◽  
Vol 08 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S020-S022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Wong-Achi ◽  
Gabriela Egas ◽  
Dayana Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Primary Care Health ◽  
Care Health ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Introduction: The Mini-Cog is a simple and short test that identifies cognitive impairment. Its detection helps provide an early dementia diagnosis, rapid access to treatments, and even delay or reversion. Materials and Methods: This multicenter, observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study included 214 patients. Patients enrolled in this study were community dwellers aged ≥55-year-old, without prior diagnosis of cognitive impairment or dementia, with adequate hearing and vision functions. It was conducted in primary care health centers localized in rural communities of Ecuador. Results: Ages ranged from 50 to 98 years and there was predominance of female gender: 66% versus 33%. The percentage of illiteracy was 26.4% (CI: 25.32–27.48), and 63% (CI: 62.1–63.94) of patients had complete primary educational level. The overall prevalence of cognitive impairment was 50.9% (95% CI: 48.5–53.3) and 47.2% (95% CI: 45.2–49.2) in patients with risk factors. We found several established risk factors associated with cognitive impairment onset, including social factors, physiological factors, and comorbidities. Conclusion: This is the first epidemiological research of CI in rural populations in this country using the Mini-Cog as a screening tool. Adopting public health measures for the prevention and control of those modifiable risk factors could reduce the prevalence of cognitive impairment and even its progression to dementia.

scholarly journals Correlation between prevalence and socio-demographic, knowledge and risk factors of soil transmitted helminthiases: cross-sectional study among primary school-going children in Rarieda, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2455
Author(s):  
Stephen Onyango Arwa ◽  
Dominic Mogere ◽  
David Musoke
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis

Background: Soil transmitted helminthiasis, classified as neglected tropical diseases are among the most common infections worldwide with greatest numbers occurring in Sub-Saharan Africa, Americas, China and East Asia. Globally, over two billion people are infected with school-age children bearing the greatest burdens. Transmission is through eggs present in human faeces. They are infections of public health importance as they cause among others, nutritional impairment, diarrhoea and intestinal obstruction. Prevention involves deworming, health education and sanitation.Methods: The study was carried out in Rarieda, Kenya in 2018. Study participants were primary school children of ages seven to fifteen. Cross sectional study design was used and the data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. All the ethical issues were adhered to as per the International standards.Results: The study established that prevalence of soil transmitted helminthiasis was high in areas where the risk factors associated with the infections were high. Pupils who were more knowledgeable on soil transmitted helminthiases were less infected. Younger pupils were more infected than older pupils. Lastly, the prevalence of these infections varied with gender of the pupils, and geographical location from where the pupils came from.Conclusions: Correlation between prevalence of soil transmitted helminthiases and risk factors, and between presence of toilets and level of hygiene practice were positive, r=0.90 and 0.93 respectively; while correlation between prevalence of soil transmitted helminthiases and knowledge was negative, r=-0.75. Values of the correlations were of statistical significance at p<0.05.

scholarly journals Schistosoma mansoni infection and risk factors among fishermen at Lake Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadesse Menjetta ◽  
Daniel Dana ◽  
Serkadis Debalke
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
The Status ◽  
Hook Worm

Schistosomiasis/Bilharziasis is one of the neglected tropical parasitic diseases caused by different species of genus schistosoma. Among the species, S.mansoni (causative agents of intestinal schistosomiasis) is one of the causes of severe intestinal parasitic infections with high public and medical importance in Ethiopia. There is scarcity of information about the status of S.mansoni infection among the fisherman in the present study area and in the country at large. Therefore this study was designed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of S.mansoni infection among fishermen at Lake Hawassa, southern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among the fishermen from April to June 2013 in Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia. A total of 243 fishermen were included by Systematic Random Sampling from the lists of the fishermen members in the registration book of fishermen associations in the Hawassa Town. Data on socio-demographic features and risk factors were collected by using semi-structured questionnaires. Stool samples were collected and processed using Kato-Katz thick smear techniques and examined between 30- 40 minute for hook worm and after 24 hours for S.mansoni and other soil transmitted helminths (STHs). The overall prevalence of S.mansoni among the fishermen was 29.21% (71/243) and the mean intensity of infection was 158.88 eggs per gram (EPG). The prevalence of intestinal helminths including S.mansoni was 69.54% (169/243). Moreover, the prevalence of soil transmitted helminths (STHs) were 40.74% (99/243), 35.80% (87/243) and 5.76% (14/243) for A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and hookworm species, respectively. Almost similar prevalence of S.mansoni, 31.82%, 31.75%, 31.94% were recorded in age groups of 15-19, 20-24 and 25-29 years, respectively. Fishermen who are swimming always were 2.92 times [95% CI: 1.554, 5.502] more likely to acquire S.mansoni infection than other water contacting habit of the study participants. The results of current investigation indicated the moderate endemicity of S.mansoni among the fishermen at Lake Hawassa, southern Ethiopia. Fishermen could be the potential risk group for S.mansoni infection and might be responsible for the transmission of S.mansoni to other segments of the communities. Since high prevalence of STH were recorded among the fishermen, integrated prevention and control strategies from different sectors might be important to tackle the problem. Key words: S.mansoni, Soil transmitted helminths, Fishermen, Lake Hawassa, Ethiopia

scholarly journals Sociodemographic Correlates of Modifiable Risk Factors for Hypertension in a Rural Local Government Area of Oyo State South West Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saliu Abdulsalam ◽  
Adenike Olugbenga-Bello ◽  
Olakunle Olarewaju ◽  
Ismail Abdus-salam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sociodemographic Correlates ◽  
Inadequate Sleep

Modifiable risk factors of hypertension contribute significantly to all-cause morbidity and mortality worldwide. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of and the association of modifiable risk factors with hypertension in rural community. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 166 male and 201 female adults of 18 years and above using cluster sampling technique. Data were collected using modified WHO STEPS instrument and hypertensive subjects were defined as those with systolic greater than or equal to 140 and diastolic of 90 mmHg. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 17 with level of significance atP<0.05. The mean age of the subjects was 36.36 (±16.88) years and mean systolic and diastolic pressures were 124 (±16.93) and 76.32 (±11.85) mmHg, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension was high (22.9%) in this rural communities but awareness was low, 10.71%. The prevalence of alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle, abnormal weight, inadequate sleep, smoking, significant stress, and female use of hormonal contraceptives was 149 (40.6%), 91 (24.8%), 88 (24.0%), 122 (33.2%), 14 (3.8%), 65 (17.7%), and 53 (26.5%), respectively. Overweight, sex, inadequate sleep, and stress were established as positive predictors of hypertension. The rising prevalence of hypertension and its modifiable risk factors in rural communities require prompt interventions directed at reversing these trends.

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