scholarly journals Mammalian fauna in an urban influenced zone of Chandaka-Dampara Wildlife Sanctuary in Odisha, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 15767-15775
Author(s):  
Subrat Debata ◽  
Kedar Kumar Swain
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Golden Jackal ◽  
Vehicular Traffic ◽  
Mammalian Fauna ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Palm Civet ◽  
Total Effort

A camera trapping survey to estimate the species richness and relative abundance of different mammalian fauna and various anthropogenic activities was carried out for four months within an urban influenced zone of Chandaka-Dampara Wildlife Sanctuary, Odisha.  The survey extended over 120 days in January–April 2019 over 10% of the total sanctuary area.  With nine cameras and a total effort of 771 trap days, 2,855 independent photographs including 14 species of wild mammals and birds, human traffic, and movement of stray animals were captured.  Among the mammalian fauna, Golden Jackal was the most photographed species whereas the Asian Elephant, Striped Hyaena, and Common Palm Civet were the least photographed species.  Various anthropogenic activities like intensive movement of departmental vehicles, staff, feral livestock, and stray dogs and cats were also recorded and these activities need to be addressed in management activities for long term conservation of the area and its mammalian fauna.  In order to enhance biological connectivity and improve movement of wildlife between the main part of the Chandaka Sanctuary and its near-detached reserved forests in Jagannathprasad-Bharatpur, the study recommends removal of feral cattle, extensive plantations, and construction of a fly-over for vehicular traffic. 

scholarly journals Understanding people’s perception and attitudes towards mammalian fauna using qualitative data: a case study in Barail Wildlife Sanctuary, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 14979-14988
Author(s):  
Amir Sohail Choudhury ◽  
Rofik Ahmed Barbhuiya ◽  
Parthankar Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Mammalian Fauna ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Alternative Livelihood ◽  
People’S Perception ◽  
Alternative Means

A concise interpretation of people’s perception and attitude towards wildlife helps in formulating better long-term conservation policies.  In an attempt to understand people’s perception, we considered one of the threatened and least known ecosystems of northeastern India, the Barail range, mainly focusing on the Barail Wildlife Sanctuary, the only protected area of this range, and falls in the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot area.  The sanctuary is known for a high diversity of mammals, mainly primates (with seven reported species), and bears (with three of the eight globally known species—a diversity not met elsewhere in the globe).  To protect its pristine wildlife wealth, it is essential that the perception of the local settlers is elucidated, and this prompted us to take up the present study. In this study, we used open- and close-ended questionnaire, which was then coded (yes/positive=1 and no/negative=0).  Each response was thoroughly examined using logistic regression and variables like socio-economic factors, knowledge of the sanctuary, wildlife and forest management were found to generate positive perception towards the sanctuary and its wildlife, and vice-versa.  Further, alternative means is suggested in terms of tourism, and the attitudes towards instigation of tourism were mostly favoured by the locals.  Besides promoting tourism, providing alternative livelihood and vocational trainings for the locals and, timely compensation for the losses caused by the animals should be long-term strategies for the conservation of the mammals of the sanctuary.  It has been increasingly recognized that involvement of locals is a prima facie requirement in the conservation of wildlife, and as such their perception is of great significance.  While the study was conducted at the Barail Wildlife Sanctuary, the results may translate in other protected areas, and may be referred to as a model strategy for other protected areas having similar scenario.

scholarly journals Responses of Vertebrate Wildlife to Oil and Natural Gas Development: Patterns and Frontiers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Chalfoun
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Natural Gas Development ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas

Abstract Purpose of Review Anthropogenic activities can lead to the loss, fragmentation, and alteration of wildlife habitats. I reviewed the recent literature (2014–2019) focused on the responses of avian, mammalian, and herpetofaunal species to oil and natural gas development, a widespread and still-expanding land use worldwide. My primary goals were to identify any generalities in species’ responses to development and summarize remaining gaps in knowledge. To do so, I evaluated the directionality of a wide variety of responses in relation to taxon, location, development type, development metric, habitat type, and spatiotemporal aspects. Recent Findings Studies (n = 70) were restricted to the USA and Canada, and taxonomically biased towards birds and mammals. Longer studies, but not those incorporating multiple spatial scales, were more likely to detect significant responses. Negative responses of all types were present in relatively low frequencies across all taxa, locations, development types, and development metrics but were context-dependent. The directionality of responses by the same species often varied across studies or development metrics. Summary The state of knowledge about wildlife responses to oil and natural gas development has developed considerably, though many biases and gaps remain. Studies outside of North America and that focus on herpetofauna are lacking. Tests of mechanistic hypotheses for effects, long-term studies, assessment of response thresholds, and experimental designs that isolate the effects of different stimuli associated with development, remain critical. Moreover, tests of the efficacy of habitat mitigation efforts have been rare. Finally, investigations of the demographic effects of development across the full annual cycle were absent for non-game species and are critical for the estimation of population-level effects.

DIAGNOSTIC MARKERS OF ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Galyamova K.I.
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Diagnostic Markers ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
In Cells

Antiphospholipid syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease, the main part of pathogenesis of which is induc-tion of an inflammatory and procoagulant state in cells, thrombosis of venous and/or arterial vessels and, as a consequence, pregnancy complications. [4] Despite the long-term study of this pathology, the mechanism of its development is still not fully understood, what makes it more difficult to diagnose, prevent and treat this disease and to assess the risks of its complications.

Late Quaternary vegetation dynamics in a biodiversity hotspot, the Uluguru Mountains of Tanzania

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jemma Finch ◽  
Melanie J. Leng ◽  
Rob Marchant
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Vegetation History ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Eastern Arc ◽  
Uluguru Mountains

AbstractLate Quaternary vegetation history and environmental changes in a biodiverse tropical ecosystem are inferred from pollen, charcoal and carbon isotope evidence derived from a ∼ 48,000-yr sedimentary record from the Uluguru Mountains, a component of the Eastern Arc Mountains of Kenya and Tanzania. Results indicate that Eastern Arc forest composition has remained relatively stable during the past ∼ 48,000 yr. Long-term environmental stability of the Eastern Arc forests has been proposed as a mechanism for the accumulation and persistence of species during glacial periods, thus resulting in the diverse forests observed today. The pollen and isotope data presented here indicate some marked changes in abundance but no significant loss in moist forest taxa through the last glacial maximum, thereby providing support for the long-term environmental stability of the Eastern Arc. Anthropogenic activities, including burning and forest clearance, were found to play a moderate role in shaping the mosaic of forest patches and high-altitude grasslands that characterise the site today; however, this influence was tempered by the inaccessibility of the mountain.

scholarly journals Pikas and People: Human-Pika (Ochotona) interaction in the Himalaya of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Narayan Koju ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Chalise ◽  
Randall C Kyes
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Collective Data ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Folk Stories ◽  
The Himalaya

Abstract. Koju NP, Chalise MK, Kyes RC. 2021. Pikas and People: Human-Pika (Ochotona) interaction in the Himalaya of Nepal. Biodiversitas 22: 5085-5091. This study examined human-pika (Ochotona) interaction in two protected areas of Nepal: Lamtang National Park (LNP) and Api Nampa Conservation Area (ACNA). We conducted the study between 2012 and 2017 and employed a combination of three qualitative sampling methods: observation of behavior (both humans and pikas), practices, and rituals of the local residents, pilgrims, tourists, and Yarsagumba (Ophiocordyceps sinesis) collectors; collection of folk stories; and focus group discussions with local residents to investigate the nature of human-pika interaction. Based on the collective data, three general themes relating to human-pika interaction emerged: 1) the perception of pikas as a respected entity; 2) effects of anthropogenic pollution on pikas, and 3) pikas as a traditional medicine. In LNP, the pika was respected as symbol of the Buddhist monk ‘Lama’. In contrast, at ANCA, the dried meat of pika was used by local people for traditional medicine. At both locations, there is an increasing human presence resulting in increased anthropogenic pollution. This, in turn, may present a potential risk to the pikas over the long term. Further investigation is needed to address the effects of anthropogenic activities on the pika and to ensure the health and viability of the pika population.

scholarly journals Global change induced trends in ion composition of the troposphere to the lower thermosphere

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1181-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Beig
Keyword(s):  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Cluster Ions ◽  
Atmospheric Density ◽  
Mesosphere And Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Positive Ion ◽  
Mlt Region

Abstract. In this paper a brief overview of the changes in atmospheric ion compositions driven by the human-induced changes in related neutral species, and temperature from the troposphere to lower thermosphere has been made. It is found that ionic compositions undergo significant variations. The variations calculated for the double-CO2 scenario are both long-term and permanent in nature. Major neutrals which take part in the lower and middle atmospheric ion chemical schemes and undergo significant changes due to anthropogenic activities are: O, O2, H2O, NO, acetonitrile, pyridinated compounds, acetone and aerosol. The concentration of positive ion/electron density does not change appreciably in the middle atmosphere but indicates a marginal decrease above about 75 km until about 85 km, above which the magnitude of negative trend decreases and becomes negligible at 93 km. Acetonitrile cluster ions in the upper stratosphere are likely to increase, whereas NO+ and NO+(H2O) in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region are expected to decrease for the double CO2 scenario. It is also found that the atmospheric density of pyridinated cluster ions is fast rising in the troposphere.

How Host Specific Are Herpesviruses? Lessons from Herpesviruses Infecting Wild and Endangered Mammals

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid Azab ◽  
Anisha Dayaram ◽  
Alex D. Greenwood ◽  
Nikolaus Osterrieder
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Species Specificity ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Species Specific

Herpesviruses are ubiquitous and can cause disease in all classes of vertebrates but also in animals of lower taxa, including molluscs. It is generally accepted that herpesviruses are primarily species specific, although a species can be infected by different herpesviruses. Species specificity is thought to result from host-virus coevolutionary processes over the long term. Even with this general concept in mind, investigators have recognized interspecies transmission of several members of the Herpesviridae family, often with fatal outcomes in non-definitive hosts—that is, animals that have no or only a limited role in virus transmission. We here summarize herpesvirus infections in wild mammals that in many cases are endangered, in both natural and captive settings. Some infections result from herpesviruses that are endemic in the species that is primarily affected, and some result from herpesviruses that cause fatal disease after infection of non-definitive hosts. We discuss the challenges of such infections in several endangered species in the absence of efficient immunization or therapeutic options.

scholarly journals Winter food habits of the Golden Jackal Canis aureus (Mammalia: Carnivora: Canidae) in Patna Bird Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 10656
Author(s):  
Khursid A. Khan ◽  
Jamal A. Khan ◽  
Narendra Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Food Habits ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Golden Jackal ◽  
Scat Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Winter Food ◽  
Palm Civet ◽  
Vegetative Matter

Golden Jackal (Canis aurius indicus) survives in a wide range of environment. Its foraging adaptation varies according to quality and abundance of food sources. The food habits also fluctuate according to season and habitat. This study investigated the diet composition of Golden Jackal using scat analysis method collected between November 2012 and April 2013 from Patna Bird Sanctuary (PBS), Uttar Pradesh, India. A total of 83 scats of Golden Jackal were collected and analysed. Sixteen food items were identified in Golden Jackal scats. Birds contributed maximum (ca. 38.92%) in Golden Jackal diet followed by rodents (ca. 12.14%), insects (ca. 8.92%), reptile (ca. 8.57%), vegetative matter (ca. 13.56%), rufous-tailed hare (ca. 6.07%), cattle (ca. 2.5%), squirrel (ca.1.42%), nilgai (ca.1.07%) and common palm civet (ca. 0.71 %). However (ca. 6.07 %) of prey items could not identified in Golden Jackal scats. Out of (ca. 38.92%) in bird’s contribution egret alone contributed about (ca.20.35%) in Golden Jackal diet followed by gargeny (ca. 8.93%), greater caucal (ca. 5.71%), babbler (ca.1.07%) and (ca. 2.85%) remains of birds were could not identified as per species level. This study is conducted to find out food habits of Golden Jackal and its impact on bird community structure.     

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