scholarly journals Catechins as Potential Mediators of Cardiovascular Health

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 757-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Mangels ◽  
Emile R. Mohler
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Blood Pressure Reduction ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Relevant Topic ◽  
Flow Mediated Vasodilation ◽  
The Impact

The impact of diet on cardiovascular disease has become an increasingly relevant topic as ongoing epidemiological evidence continues to demonstrate clear associations with disease burden and mortality. Certain diets, such as those high in sodium and saturated fat, are associated with cardiovascular disease states, while other diets can be cardioprotective. However, there is limited knowledge on how the micro- and macronutrients within such cardioprotective diets afford their benefits. One such micronutrient is the catechin class, which are naturally occurring compounds in plant foods, such as teas, cocoa, wine, pears, and apples. Recent evidence reveals that catechins may be a key mediator in cardiovascular health via mechanisms of blood pressure reduction, flow-mediated vasodilation, and atherosclerosis attenuation. This review evaluates the current literature on the interplay between catechins and cardiovascular disease, which may have important implications for nutrition counseling and pharmaceutical drug development.

Advanced maternal age and the impact on maternal and offspring cardiovascular health

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (2) ◽  
pp. H387-H394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy-Lynn M. Cooke ◽  
Sandra T. Davidge
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Advanced Maternal Age ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
In Utero Environment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Impact

Delaying pregnancy, which is on the rise, may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in both women and their children. The physiological mechanisms that lead to these effects are not fully understood but may involve inadequate adaptations of the maternal cardiovascular system to pregnancy. Indeed, there is abundant evidence in the literature that a fetus developing in a suboptimal in utero environment (such as in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, and/or preeclampsia) is at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood, the developmental origins of health and disease theory. Although women of advanced age are at a significantly increased risk of pregnancy complications, there is limited information as to whether advanced maternal age constitutes an added stressor on the prenatal environment of the fetus, and whether or not this is secondary to impaired cardiovascular function during pregnancy. This review summarizes the current literature available on the impact of advanced maternal age on cardiovascular adaptations to pregnancy and the role of maternal age on long-term health risks for both the mother and offspring.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Implications of Coronavirus Disease 2019: An Evolving Case Study in the Crescent City

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander C. Razavi ◽  
Tanika N. Kelly ◽  
Jiang He ◽  
Camilo Fernandez ◽  
Paul K. Whelton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Medicine and public health have traditionally separated the prevention and treatment of communicable and noncommunicable diseases. The coronavirus disease 2019 ( COVID ‐19) pandemic has challenged this paradigm, particularly in the setting of cardiovascular disease ( CVD ). Overall, individuals with underlying CVD who acquire severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 experience up to a 10‐fold higher case‐fatality rate compared with the general population. Although the impact of the pandemic on cardiovascular health continues to evolve, few have defined this association from a frontline, public health perspective of populations disproportionately affected by CVD and COVID ‐19. Louisiana is ranked within the bottom 5 states for cardiovascular health, and it is home to several parishes that have experienced among the highest COVID ‐19 case‐fatality rates nationally. Herein, we review CVD prevention and implications of COVID ‐19 in New Orleans, LA, a city holding a sobering yet resilient history with previous public health disasters. In particular, we discuss potential pandemic‐driven changes in access to health care, preventive pharmacotherapy, and lifestyle behaviors, all of which may adversely affect CVD prevention and management, while amplifying racial disparities. Through this process, we highlight proposed recommendations for how CVD prevention efforts can be improved in the midst of the current COVID ‐19 pandemic and future public health crises.

scholarly journals Caring for Others, but Not Themselves: Implications for Health Care Interventions in Women with Cardiovascular Disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle DiGiacomo ◽  
Patricia M. Davidson ◽  
Robert Zecchin ◽  
Kate Lamb ◽  
John Daly
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Health Care Interventions ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease In Women ◽  
Women's Role ◽  
Acute Cardiac Event ◽  
The Impact

Cardiovascular disease is the largest killer of women internationally and women often suffer inferior outcomes following an acute cardiac event as compared to men. A gendered approach to investigating cardiovascular disease in women incorporates the unique social, cultural, and economic circumstances that being a woman brings to the health encounter. The multiple roles enacted by many women may be important factors in this health discrepancy. In order to more fully understand the impact of the roles of women on health, a questionnaire was administered to participants of theHeart Awareness for Womengroup cardiac rehabilitation program which assessed women's role perceptions followed by discussions. We found that caregiving can be both positive and negative. It gives a sense of purpose, meaning, and community connection as well as burden and conflict. Emphasis must be placed on promoting strategies in women to achieve a balance between caregiving responsibilities and prioritisation of cardiovascular health.

scholarly journals Stroke in Patients with Diabetes: Is It Time to Expand Public Health Priority to Encompass High-Risk Patients with Increased Insulin Resistance?

EMJ Diabetes ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
Sian Alexandra Bradley ◽  
Francis Muttamthottil Varghese ◽  
Bindu Menon ◽  
Man Mohan Mehndiratta ◽  
Sonu Menachem Maimonides Bhaskar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
High Risk Patients ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
The Impact

Diabetes and stroke, with an interlinking aetiology, contribute to a growing cardiovascular disease burden and mortality around the world. Given the disproportionate prevalence and the burden of these conditions in the developing world, as well as the high risk of both Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease carried by patients with metabolic syndrome, public health strategies are vital to mitigate the impact. Systematic approaches towards identifying undiagnosed patients in the community and building health systems around those targeted interventions have been implemented. However, growing evidence indicates potential for approaches to capture high-risk patients, such as those who suffer from pre-diabetes or increased insulin resistance, to provide early and optimal treatments, which could translate to population-level benefits, including reduced prevalence, disability, and disease burden.

scholarly journals Lifestyle Strategies for Risk Factor Reduction, Prevention, and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Rippe
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
American Heart ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Lifestyle Medicine ◽  
Ideal Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Overwhelming Evidence ◽  
The Impact

Daily habits and actions powerfully affect the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), in general, and coronary heart disease, in particular. Regular physical activity, sound nutrition, weight management, and not smoking cigarettes have all been demonstrated to significantly reduce the risk of CVD. In 2 large cohort studies a reduction of risk of CVD of >80% and diabetes >90% were demonstrated in individuals who followed a cluster of these lifestyle practices. The study of the impact of lifestyle factors on CVD risk has coalesced under the framework of “lifestyle medicine.” Despite the overwhelming evidence that lifestyle factors affect CVD, a distinct minority of individuals are following these practices. The American Heart Association estimates that only 5% of individuals follow all of these lifestyle factors as components of a strategy to achieve “ideal” cardiovascular health. The challenge to the medical and health care communities is to more aggressively incorporate this information into the daily practices of medicine.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular disease in transgendered people: A review of the literature and discussion of risk

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 204800401988074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leighton J Seal
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Hormonal Therapy ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Transgendered People ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
General Male Population ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lipid Parameters

This review examines the impact of gender affirming hormone therapy used in the transgendered and non-binary populations on cardiovascular outcomes and surrogate markers of cardiovascular health. Current evidence suggests that hormonal therapy for transgendered women decreases or is neutral regarding myocardial infarction risk. There is an increased incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE), but newer studies suggest that the risk is significantly lower than previously described. For transgendered men, there appears to be an adverse effect on lipid parameters but this does not translate into an increased risk of cardiovascular disease above that of general male population. In all transgendered people, risk factor interventions such as smoking cessation, weight management and treatment of co-morbid conditions are important in optimising cardiovascular health. The effect of gender affirming hormonal therapy in transgendered people is difficult to interpret due to the variety of hormone regimens used, the relative brevity of the periods of observation and the influence of confounding factors such as the historical use of less physiological, oestrogens such as conjugated equine oestrogen and ethinylestradiol which are more pro-thrombotic than the 17β oestradiol that is used in modern practice.

Modelling the impact on avoidable cardiovascular disease burden and costs of interventions to lower SBP in the England population

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiten Dodhia ◽  
Karen Phillips ◽  
Maria-Irini Zannou ◽  
Mara Airoldi ◽  
Gwyn Bevan
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
The Impact

Dietary Proteins and Atherosclerosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (23) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Darioli
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Cholesterol Intake

More than one hundred years ago the “protein hypothesis” of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and its association with cardiovascular disease was put forward on the basis of animal experiments; however, it has so far never been verified in humans. This theory was soon replaced by the “lipid hypothesis”, which was confirmed in humans as of 1994. Epidemiological ecological studies in the 1960 s showed significant associations between dietary animal protein and mortality from cardiovascular disease. However, animal protein intake was also significantly correlated with saturated fatty acid and cholesterol intake. In the last decades two prospective cohort studies demonstrated a decreased cardiovascular risk in women during high- versus low-protein intake when adjusting for other dietary factors (e. g., saturated fats) and other cardiovascular risk factors. A direct cholesterol lowering effect of proteins has not been shown. Despite earlier research indicating that soy protein has cardioprotective effects as compared to other proteins, these observations have not been confirmed by randomized placebo-controlled trials. However, most experts recommend the consumption of foods rich in plant proteins as alternatives to meat and dairy products rich in saturated fat and containing cholesterol. There are no scientific arguments to increase the daily protein intake to more than 20 % of total energy intake as recommended by the guidelines, in order to improve cardiovascular health.

scholarly journals Predictors of Olfactory Decline in Aging: A Longitudinal Population-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 2441-2449
Author(s):  
Ingrid Ekström ◽  
Maria Larsson ◽  
Debora Rizzuto ◽  
Johan Fastbom ◽  
Lars Bäckman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Odor Identification ◽  
National Study ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Olfactory Loss ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Olfactory dysfunction is common in aging and associated with dementia and mortality. However, longitudinal studies tracking change in olfactory ability are scarce. We sought to identify predictors of interindividual differences in rate of olfactory identification change in aging. Method Participants were 1780 individuals, without dementia at baseline and with at least 2 olfactory assessments over 12 years of follow-up (mean age = 70.5 years; 61.9% female), from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K). Odor identification was assessed with the Sniffin’ Sticks. We estimated the impact of demographic, health, and genetic factors on rate of olfactory change with linear mixed effect models. Results Advancing age, manufacturing profession, history of cerebrovascular disease, higher cardiovascular disease burden, diabetes, slower walking speed, higher number of medications, and the APOE ε4 allele were associated with accelerated odor identification decline (ps < .014). Multi-adjusted analyses showed unique associations of age, diabetes, and ε4 to olfactory decline (ps < .017). In 1531 participants who remained free of dementia (DSM IV criteria) during follow-up, age, cardiovascular disease burden, and diabetes were associated with accelerated decline (ps < .011). Of these, age and diabetes remained statistically significant in the multi-adjusted model (ps < .001). Conclusion Demographic, vascular, and genetic factors are linked to rate of decline in odor identification in aging. Although some olfactory loss may be an inevitable part of aging, our results highlight the importance of vascular factors for the integrity of the olfactory system, even in the absence of dementia.

scholarly journals Sugar sweetened beverages attributable disease burden and the potential impact of policy interventions: a systematic review of epidemiological and decision models

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Alcaraz ◽  
Andrés Pichon-Riviere ◽  
Alfredo Palacios ◽  
Ariel Bardach ◽  
Dario Javier Balan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Decision Models ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Around 184,000 deaths per year could be attributable to sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) consumption worldwide. Epidemiological and decision models are important tools to estimate disease burden. The purpose of this study was to identify models to assess the burden of diseases attributable to SSBs consumption or the potential impact of health interventions. Methods We carried out a systematic review and literature search up to August 2018. Pairs of reviewers independently selected, extracted, and assessed the quality of the included studies through an exhaustive description of each model’s features. Discrepancies were solved by consensus. The inclusion criteria were epidemiological or decision models evaluating SSBs health interventions or policies, and descriptive SSBs studies of decision models. Studies published before 2003, cost of illness studies and economic evaluations based on individual patient data were excluded. Results We identified a total of 2766 references. Out of the 40 included studies, 45% were models specifically developed to address SSBs, 82.5% were conducted in high-income countries and 57.5% considered a health system perspective. The most common model’s outcomes were obesity/overweight (82.5%), diabetes (72.5%), cardiovascular disease (60%), mortality (52.5%), direct medical costs (57.35%), and healthy years -DALYs/QALYs- (40%) attributable to SSBs. 67.5% of the studies modelled the effect of SSBs on the outcomes either entirely through BMI or through BMI plus diabetes independently. Models were usually populated with inputs from national surveys -such us obesity prevalence, SSBs consumption-; and vital statistics (67.5%). Only 55% reported results by gender and 40% included children; 30% presented results by income level, and 25% by selected vulnerable groups. Most of the models evaluated at least one policy intervention to reduce SSBs consumption (92.5%), taxes being the most frequent strategy (75%). Conclusions There is a wide range of modelling approaches of different complexity and information requirements to evaluate the burden of disease attributable to SSBs. Most of them take into account the impact on obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, mortality, and economic impact. Incorporating these tools to different countries could result in useful information for decision makers and the general population to promote a deeper implementation of policies to reduce SSBs consumption. PROSPERO protocol number CRD42020121025.

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