Abstract 3277: Sustained Benefits in Vascular Function through Flavanol-Containing Cocoa in Medicated Diabetic Patients: A Double-Masked, Randomized, Controlled Trial

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Balzer ◽  
Tienush Rassaf ◽  
Christian Heiss ◽  
Petra Kleinbongard ◽  
Thomas Lauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Test Feasibility

Purpose Epidemiological investigations revealed an inverse correlation between the dietary intake of flavanols, the mortality of cardiovascular disease, and the incidence of diabetes. Controlled trials evaluating longer-term effects of flavanol-containing cocoa on endothelial function in diabetic patients are missing. This study was designed to test feasibility and efficacy of a dietary intervention based on daily intake of flavanol-containing cocoa for improving vascular function of medicated diabetic patients. Methods In a feasibility study with 10 diabetic patients, we assessed vascular function as flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, plasma levels of flavanol metabolites, and tolerability following an acute, single-dose ingestion of cocoa, containing increasing concentrations of flavanols (75,371,963mg). In a subsequent efficacy study, changes in vascular function in 41 medicated diabetics were assessed following a 30-day, thrice-daily dietary intervention with either flavanol-rich cocoa (321mg flavanols per dose) or a nutrient-matched control (25mg flavanols per dose). Both studies were undertaken in a randomized, double-masked fashion. Results A single ingestion of flavanol-containing cocoa was dose-dependently associated with significant acute increases in circulating flavanols and FMD (at 2h: from 3.7±0.2% to 5.5±0.4%, p<0.001). A 30-day, thrice-daily consumption of flavanol-containing cocoa increased baseline FMD by 30% (p<0.0001), while acute increases of FMD upon ingestion of flavanol-containing cocoa continued to be manifest throughout the study. Treatment was well tolerated without evidence of tachyphylaxia. Endothelium-independent responses, blood pressure, heart rate, and glycemic control were unaffected. Conclusions Our study clearly establishes improvements of endothelial function after regular consumption of flavanol-containing cocoa in patients with type 2 diabetes, highlighting the potential of flavanol-containing diets, and underscoring the potential health care benefit for reducing the risk of cardiovascular events in diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Lipid Lowering Therapy with Combination of Niacin and Statin in Women: Age-Related Endothelial Effects

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Beth Parker ◽  
Kamlesh Kothawade ◽  
Namee Kim ◽  
Maura Paul-Labrador ◽  
Noel Bairey Merz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Lipid Lowering Therapy ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Lowering Therapy ◽  
Age Related

Background. Many women remain at risk for cardiac events despite treatment to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). We hypothesized that for postmenopausal women treated with niacin in addition to statin vascular function will improve. Methods. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 16 weeks of niacin (N) versus placebo (PL) in 43 women (mean age, 67±9 years) previously on statin therapy. Study outcomes included lipoprotein levels, vascular inflammation assessed by high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and endothelial function, assessed as brachial artery flow mediated dilation (FMD). Results. The N group significantly increased HDL-C and decreased LDL-C cholesterol relative to PL (both P<0.01). FMD improved in both groups (P=0.02) irrespective of niacin (P=0.21). Age influenced change in FMD (P=0.01) such that improved FMD (before to after) with lipid lowering therapy was greater with older age (P=0.03 Pearson correlation = 0.34), independent of treatment group. Conclusions. Lipid lowering therapy with combination of niacin and statin does not improve inflammation or endothelial function compared to statin alone. However, older women demonstrate relatively greater endothelial benefit of lipid lowering therapy over 4 months. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00590629.

Abstract 3610: Comparative Effects of 3 Popular Diets on Lipids, Endothelial Function and Biomarkers of Atherothrombosis in the Absence of Weight Loss

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Miller ◽  
Valerie Beach ◽  
Charles Mangano ◽  
Jeffrey Rhyne ◽  
Christina Dobmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
The South ◽  
Atkins Diet ◽  
Total Fat

Background : While the effect of popular diets on weight loss has been extensively studied, less is known in the absence of weight loss. We hypothesized that a diet high in total and saturated fat would be associated with adverse effects on LDL-C, endothelial function and biomarkers of atherothrombosis compared to lower fat diets. Methods : We tested 3 popular diets, including Atkins (50% fat), South Beach (30% fat) and Ornish (10% fat) in a randomized and counterbalanced, crossover study. Subjects completed each of the three 4-week dietary intervention phases followed by a 4-week washout period. They were weighed weekly and caloric adjustments made if weight change exceeded 1 kg. At the completion of each dietary phase, 3-day food records were analyzed, fasting blood was sampled and brachial artery reactivity testing (BART) performed. Results : Eighteen of 26 adults (mean age: 30.6 ± 9.6 yrs, 50% female) completed all 3 dietary phases. There were no changes in weight at the conclusion of each phase. However, non-significant increases in LDL-C occurred during the Atkins phase (pre: 96.5, post: 112.9 mg/dL; P=0.12 ), whereas LDL-C was reduced during the Ornish (pre: 110.1, post: 84.6 mg/dL; P=0.006 ) and South Beach phases (pre: 101.7, post: 91.5 mg/dL; P=0.01 ). BART testing revealed a significant inverse correlation between flow-mediated vasodilation and intake of total fat (r 2 =−0.29; P=0.03 ), saturated fat (r 2 =−0.31; P=0.02 ) and monounsaturated fat (r 2 =−0.35; P=0.01 ). Microarray analysis demonstrated increased expression of several leukocyte biomarkers including, ICAM2 (37%; P=0.002 ), SELL (26%; P=0.007 ) and SOD1 (42%; P=0.04 ) at the completion of the Atkins diet compared to baseline. In contrast, expression of atherothrombotic biomarkers was not increased after the South Beach or Ornish phase. Conclusions: In the absence of weight loss, the high fat Atkins diet is associated with increased LDL-C, reduced endothelial vasoreactivity and increased expression of biomarkers of atherothrombosis. As such, these data suggest that isocaloric conversion to the Atkins diet may negatively impact cardiovascular health as compared to the South Beach or Ornish Diet.

scholarly journals Effect of Strawberry Intake for 4 Weeks on Vascular Endothelial Function and Blood Pressure in Adults with Moderate Hypercholesterolemia (P06-128-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Xiao ◽  
Leailin Huang Huang ◽  
Indika Edirisinghe ◽  
Britt Burton-Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Function ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Pressure Independent ◽  
Hs Crp

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of chronic strawberry intake on cardiovascular risk factors including fasting lipids concentrations, vascular endothelial function and blood pressure in middle-age overweight or obese individuals with moderate hypercholesterolemia. We hypothesized that 4-week strawberry intake would improve the lipids profile and concomitantly improve measures of vascular function. Methods In this randomized, double-blinded, controlled, crossover trial, thirty-four subjects (age 53 ± 1 years, BMI 31 ± 1 kg m-2, mean ± SD) consumed a strawberry beverage containing 25 gram freeze-dried strawberry powder or energy-matched control beverage in random order twice a day for 4 weeks. Treatment periods were separated by 4-week washout period. Fasting lipids, glucose, insulin, high sensitive c-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and postprandial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and blood pressure, were measured at weeks 0, 4, 8 and 12. Results Fasting lipids, glucose, insulin, and hs-CRP did not differ between strawberry and control beverage interventions. In contrast, vascular function as measured by change in %FMD was significantly increased after strawberry compared to control after 4 weeks supplementation (4.3 ± 0.3% versus 3.6 ± 0.3%, respectively, p = 0.0096). In addition, %FMD was acutely increased from 0 to 1 hour after consuming strawberry beverage (p < 0.0001), which was consistent with reduced meal-induced increases in systolic blood pressure (SBP) postmeal (mean 2 hour changes in SBP after strawberry compared to control beverage, 2.3 ± 0.4 versus 3.4 ± 0.4 mmHg, p = 0.048). Conclusions Daily intake of strawberries may improve endothelial function and acute changes in blood pressure, independent of other metabolic changes, and may be considered a specific food/fruit to include in a heart-healthy diet in overweight or obese subjects with moderate hypercholesterolemia. Funding Sources California Strawberry Commission, Watsonville, CA, USA. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Peripheral endothelial function can be improved by daily consumption of water containing over 7 ppm of dissolved hydrogen: A randomized controlled trial

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. e0233484
Author(s):  
Toru Ishibashi ◽  
Kosuke Kawamoto ◽  
Kasumi Matsuno ◽  
Genki Ishihara ◽  
Takamichi Baba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Dissolved Hydrogen

scholarly journals Longer-Term Soy Nut Consumption Improves Vascular Function and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Older Adults: Results of a Randomized, Controlled Cross-Over Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 58-58
Author(s):  
Lea Tischmann ◽  
Tanja Adam ◽  
Ronald Mensink ◽  
Peter Joris
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Objectives Soy foods may contribute to the beneficial effects of plant-based diets on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, their effects on vascular function have hardly been investigated. The objective was to investigate if longer-term soy nut consumption improves vascular function and cardiometabolic health in older adults. Methods Twenty-three apparently healthy participants (60–70 years; BMI between 20–30 kg/m2) participated in a randomized, controlled, single-blinded cross-over trial with an intervention (67 g of soy nuts daily providing 25.5 g soy protein) and control period (no nuts) of 16 weeks, separated by eight weeks wash-out. Volunteers followed the Dutch food-based dietary guidelines. At baseline and at 8 and 16 weeks anthropometric measurements and fasting blood samples were collected. Markers of vascular function (i.e., endothelial function, arterial stiffness, and microvascular structure) were assessed at week 16. Results No serious adverse events were reported and the soy nut regime was well tolerated. Body weight remained stable. Serum isoflavone concentrations, a marker of compliance, increased after the intervention period (daidzein: 128.3 ng/mL; 95% CI: 72.6–183.9 ng/mL; P &lt; 0.001 and genistein: 439.8 ng/mL 95% CI: 246.7–632.9 ng/mL; P &lt; 0.001). The brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) response increased by 1.49 pp (95% CI: 0.03–2.95 pp; P = 0.046) following the soy intervention, but no effect was found on the carotid artery reactivity (CAR) response. Arterial stiffness, assessed by carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWVc-f), was unchanged. Retinal arteriolar calibers (CRAE), a measure for microvascular structure, tended to improve by 1.42 mm (95% CI: −0.05–2.90 mm; P = 0.059). Soy consumption also lowered serum LDL-cholesterol concentrations by 0.17 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.02–0.32 mmol/L; P = 0.027). HDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol (TAG) did not change. Finally, office SBP and DBP decreased by 4 mmHg (95% CI: 0–8 mmHg; P = 0.034) and 2 mmHg (95% CI: 1–4 mmHg; P = 0.005), respectively. Conclusions A longer-term daily intake of soy nuts improved endothelial function, office blood pressure, and serum LDL-cholesterol concentrations, suggesting mechanisms by which an increased soy food intake beneficially affects CVD risk in older adults. Funding Sources This study was supported by a grant from the Alpro Foundation.

Abstract 15681: Endothelial Dysfunction, Arterial Stiffness and Inflammation Are Associated With Visual Impairment in Diabetic Patients

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Gouliopoulos ◽  
Gerasimos Siasos ◽  
Marilita Moschos ◽  
Dimitrios Tousoulis ◽  
Evangelos Oikonomou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein

Introduction: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) leading to deterioration of vision. Hypothesis: We investigated the possible association of vascular function and inflammation with visual acuity in subjects with DM. Methods: We enrolled 100 consecutive subjects with DM. Patients were divided in those with DR (53 subjects, mean age 68±9) and those with no evidence of DR (NDR) (mean age 66±6). The diagnosis of DR was made by ophthalmoscopy and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was measured in both eyes. A BCVA less than 0.8 was considered as severely impaired. Endothelial function was evaluated by flow mediated dilation (FMD) in the brachial artery and arterial stiffness was evaluated by carotid femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV). C reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL6) levels were measured. Results: Patients with DR compared to NDR patients had impaired FMD (3.42±1.08% vs. 5.39±1.47%, p<0.001), impaired PWV (11.10±3.11m/sec vs. 9.02±2.13m/sec, p=0.001) and worse BCVA (p<0.001). Moreover in DM subjects, BCVA was positively correlated with FMD, creatinine clearance, and inversely correlated with PWV, glycosylated hemoglobin levels, C- reactive protein levels, IL6 levels, age and with duration of diabetes mellitus (p<0.01 for all). Interestingly, after adjustment for age, smoking habits and the aforementioned confounders, FMD, IL6 levels, DM duration and male gender were independently associated with BCVA (p<0.05 for all). Moreover, ROC curve analysis revealed that both impaired FMD (AUC=0.79, p<0.001) and PWV (AUC=0.8, p<0.001) have a significant diagnostic ability in detecting diabetic subjects with severely impaired BCVA. More precisely, FMD less than 4.5% has a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 60%, while PWV over 10.0 m/sec has a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 68%, for the diagnosis of severely impaired BCVA. Conclusion: Patients with DR have significantly impaired visual acuity witch is associated with impaired vascular function and inflammation. Moreover, both endothelial function and arterial stiffness were high sensitivity predictors of visual impairment highlighting their potential role on the prevention and management of the complications in diabetes mellitus.

Plant-Based Diet Reverses Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Peter H Lin ◽  
Debra Leslie ◽  
Mary Levine ◽  
Garth Davis ◽  
Caldwell Esselstyn
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Function ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

OBJECtIVE: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is characterized by impaired arterial circulation to the extremities caused in part by atherosclerosis. This study examined the effect of a plant-based diet (PBD) on vascular function in PAD patients.METHODs: Patients with PaD were randomized to plant-based dietary intervention (PBD group, n = 24) or no specific dietary advice (control group, n = 28). Biochemical parameters, including lipid profile and inflammatory biomarkers, and nitric oxide were measured at baseline and 4 months after dietary intervention. Vascular function including brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), carotid intima-media thickness(IMT), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), and brachial-ankle PWV were measured at baseline and 4 months after dietary intervention.RESULTS: Biochemical parameters were similar at baseline between the 2 groups. There was no change in any of the biochemical parameters in the control group at 4 months. However, patients in the PBD group had a significant improvement in lipid profile, including total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and apolipoprotein a1 (APO-A1) levels. Greater nitric oxide and reduced high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were found in the PBD group at 4 months, whereas there were no changes in the control group. at baseline, FMD was similar between the 2 groups. after 4 months, PBD participants showed significant endothelial function improvement in FMD response and arterial stiffness response, with increased carotid-femoral and brachial-ankle PWV compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: A plant-based diet improves vascular endothelial function in PaD patients following 4 months of dietary intervention. This dietary intervention can result in decreased serum cholesterol and inflammatory biomarkers, which may further enhance vascular endothelial function. KEYWORDS: Plant-based diet; Vascular endothelial function; Flow-mediated dilation; Brachial artery reactivity test

scholarly journals Assessing the respective contributions of dietary flavanol monomers and procyanidins in mediating cardiovascular effects in humans: randomized, controlled, double-masked intervention trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 1229-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Rodriguez-Mateos ◽  
Timon Weber ◽  
Simon S Skene ◽  
Javier I Ottaviani ◽  
Alan Crozier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Intervention Trial ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Relative Contribution

ABSTRACT Background Flavanols are an important class of food bioactives that can improve vascular function even in healthy subjects. Cocoa flavanols (CFs) are composed principally of the monomer (−)-epicatechin (∼20%), with a degree of polymerisation (DP) of 1 (DP1), and oligomeric procyanidins (∼80%, DP2–10). Objective Our objective was to investigate the relative contribution of procyanidins and (−)-epicatechin to CF intake–related improvements in vascular function in healthy volunteers. Design In a randomized, controlled, double-masked, parallel-group dietary intervention trial, 45 healthy men (aged 18–35 y) consumed the following once daily for 1 mo: 1) a DP1–10 cocoa extract containing 130 mg (−)-epicatechin and 560 mg procyanidins, 2) a DP2–10 cocoa extract containing 20 mg (−)-epicatechin and 540 mg procyanidins, or 3) a control capsule, which was flavanol-free but had identical micro- and macronutrient composition. Results Consumption of DP1–10, but not of either DP2–10 or the control capsule, significantly increased flow-mediated vasodilation (primary endpoint) and the concentration of structurally related (−)-epicatechin metabolites (SREMs) in the circulatory system while decreasing pulse wave velocity and blood pressure. Total cholesterol significantly decreased after daily intake of both DP1–10 and DP2–10 as compared with the control. Conclusions CF-related improvements in vascular function are predominantly related to the intake of flavanol monomers and circulating SREMs in healthy humans but not to the more abundant procyanidins and gut microbiome–derived CF catabolites. Reduction in total cholesterol was linked to consumption of procyanidins but not necessarily to that of (−)-epicatechin. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02728466.

scholarly journals Dietary Content and Potential Health Risks of Metals in Commercial Black Tea in Kampala (Uganda)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bamuwamye ◽  
Patrick Ogwok ◽  
Vivian Tumuhairwe ◽  
Richard Eragu ◽  
Henriettah Nakisozi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Acceptable Range

Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) is among the most widely consumed non-alcoholic beverages. It is a rich source of essential dietary elements mainly potassium and manganese. Tea may also contain toxic metals such as cadmium and lead which pose a threat to human health because of their toxicity. Twenty samples of commercial black tea in Kampala city were randomly obtained and analysed for potassium, sodium, aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Human health risks due to exposure to toxic elements from daily consumption of tea were determined using incremental lifetime cancer risk and non-cancer hazard quotient. Metal contents of black tea sold in Kampala were below international regulatory limits. The estimated daily intake of the elements in two grams of black tea was below the recommended values. Hazard quotient and hazard index were within acceptable range. Total cancer risk levels for all the teas were also within United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) acceptable range. Daily consumption of one cup containing two grams of black tea over a lifetime will promote consumer overall health and wellbeing.

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