Abstract 16193: Sport Activity and Sudden Cardiac Death in Women

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Basso ◽  
Stefania Rizzo ◽  
Kalliopi Pilichou ◽  
Elisa Carturan ◽  
Gaetano Thiene
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
Coronary Artery Diseases ◽  
Normal Heart ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
Athletic Population ◽  
Competitive Athletes ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
Inherited Cardiomyopathies ◽  
Cardiac Sudden Death

Background: No specific data are available on the prevalence and characteristics of cardiac sudden death (SCD) during sport activities among young women. Methods and Results: From a prospective 30-year target project on SCD in the young, involving 695 subjects 1-40 years old who died suddenly in the same geographic areas, 649 were due to SCD (196 female, 30%). A total of 76 young adults were competitive athletes and died during or soon after effort (11%). Only 6 (8%) of such events occurred in women (mean age 23±10 yrs, range 12-38), specifically during jogging (2), and swimming, volley, gymnastic and triathlon (one each). Cause of death seemed more likely to be associated with structurally normal heart in women compared with men (50% versus 7%; P<0.01). In particular, while inherited cardiomyopathies (i.e. arrhythmogenic, hypertrophic and dilated) and coronary atherosclerosis are the leading cause in the overall population of athletes (24/76, 32% and 11/76, 14.5% respectively) and in the male sub-group (24/70, 34% and 11/70, 16%, respectively), they were never observed in female athletes. Conclusions: Sports-related SCD in women is dramatically less common compared with men. In the female athletic population, SCD occurs in the setting of a structurally normal heart in half of cases. In a country with obligatory pre-participation screening for sport activity, inherited cardiomyopathies and atherosclerotic coronary artery diseases are almost exclusive of the male athletic population.

Cardiovascular causes of sudden death in athletes

2019 ◽  
pp. 309-320
Author(s):  
Cristina Basso ◽  
Stefania Rizzo ◽  
Gaetano Thiene
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Conduction System ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Athletic Population ◽  
Competitive Athletes ◽  
Haemodynamic Changes ◽  
Reporting Source

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is usually the result of an interaction between transient acute events (’triggers’) and either structural or non-structural cardiovascular substrates. The structural culprit resides in any of the cardiovascular components, i.e. aorta, coronary arteries, myocardium, valves, conduction system, or ion channels. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the occurrence of SCD in athletes is nearly three times than that in non-athletes, so that sport activity adds a significant risk if the athletes are affected by concealed cardiac diseases. Triggers of SCD in young competitive athletes include exercise-related sympathetic stimulation, abrupt haemodynamic changes, and myocardial ischaemia. In this chapter, we will review the various structural diseases, either congenital or acquired, which pose a risk of SCD in athletes. Disparities among published studies emphasizes the need for uniform reporting (source of data, retrospective versus prospective, autopsy versus no autopsy, etc). Identifying causes of SCD in the athletic population is important for guiding preventive measures.

Influence of environmental factors on the psychoemotional state of young athletes

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Elena Aleksandrovna Potapova ◽  
Elena Viktorovna Scherba ◽  
Dmitriy Alekseevich Zemlyanoy ◽  
Viktoriya Valerievna Danilova ◽  
Viktor Gennadievich Puzyrev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Reactive Anxiety ◽  
Personal Anxiety ◽  
High Level

Sport activity are associated with significant physical and psychological stress and determine the relevance of monitoring the conditions for sports, studying the health of athletes and their regime. The purpose of the study: to study the sanitary and hygienic conditions in sports schools, the features of the daily routine and lifestyle of young athletes and their psycho-emotional state. Materials and methods. The analysis includes data from a study of 70 girls aged 13–15 who are engaged in rhythmic gymnastics. We used methods of sanitary and hygienic research, questionnaires, methods for identifying the level of situational and personal anxiety (Spielberger C. D.) and competitive anxiety (R. Martens), a questionnaire for studying one’s own reaction to stressful events (Greenberg). Results. The number of violations of sanitary and hygienic requirements for the conditions of sports activities have been identified. The most common violations of the day-lack of sleep and stay in the fresh air, a high amount of training load. Moderate personal anxiety was detected in 76 % of athletes, 7 % of respondents — low anxiety, 17 % — high personal anxiety. A high level of reactive anxiety was detected in 24 % of female athletes, and high-level sports anxiety was observed in 25 % of those surveyed. The relationship between the severity of violations of hygiene standards and the level of manifestation of personal and reactive anxiety was Revealed. The age dynamics for all diagnosed types of anxiety was revealed: higher rates of anxiety were observed in the age group of 13 years compared to 14 and 15-year-old athletes. Conclusion. The results of the study showed the need for dynamic monitoring of the state of health, including psycho-emotional state of athletes, allocation of athletes with pronounced errors in the regime to observation groups, carrying out preventive measures to explain the importance of compliance with hygiene rules and monitoring and assistance in their implementation in the lifestyle of young athletes.

scholarly journals P091 The impact of cognitive fitness and gender on sleep quantity and timing and mental health of competitive athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A50-A51
Author(s):  
L Mascaro ◽  
S Drummond ◽  
J Leota ◽  
J Boardman ◽  
D Hoffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Sleep Quantity ◽  
Competitive Athletes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Mental fitness is increasingly considered key to an athlete’s competitive arsenal. Its active ingredients include cognitive fitness factors, such as impulse control, and recovery factors, such as sleep, which may differ between male and female athletes. Our study investigated: 1) gender differences in cognitive fitness; and 2) the associations of gender and cognitive fitness with sleep and mental health in competitive athletes during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods 84 athletes competing at levels from regional/state to international (42F, mean age=23.2) completed a questionnaire battery containing validated measures of: a) depression, anxiety, and stress; b) sleep (Total Sleep Time, Sleep Latency, mid-sleep time on training- and competition-free days); and c) self-control, intolerance of uncertainty, and impulsivity (representing cognitive fitness constructs). Results Female athletes reported significantly higher depression, anxiety, and stress, a later mid-sleep time on free days, lower self-control, higher intolerance of uncertainty, and higher positive urgency impulsivity compared with male athletes. Self-control was negatively associated, and intolerance of uncertainty was positively associated, with depression, anxiety, and mid-sleep time on free days. Discussion Female athletes in our sample reported poorer mental health and cognitive fitness, and later sleeping times on free days. Greater cognitive fitness was associated with better mental health, independent of gender. Overall, these findings are consistent with prior work in community samples. Future work should examine the source(s) of these gender differences. If replicated, our findings would suggest a need to develop interventions aimed at improving athlete well-being, potentially with a particular focus on female athletes.

scholarly journals Physical activity types and risk of dementia in community-dwelling older people: the Three-City cohort.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Dupré ◽  
Bienvenue Bongue ◽  
Catherine Helmer ◽  
Jean François Dartigues ◽  
David Hupin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older People ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
Activity Types

Abstract Background Physical activity may decrease the risk of dementia; however, previous cohort studies seldom investigated the different types of physical activity and household activities. Our objective was to analyze the links between two physical activity types and dementia in older people. Methods The study used data from the prospective observational Three-city cohort and included 1550 community-dwelling individuals aged 72 to 87 without dementia at baseline. Physical activity was assessed with the Voorrips questionnaire. Two sub-scores were calculated to assess household/transportation activities and leisure/sport activities. Restricted cubic spline and proportional hazard Cox models were used to estimate the non-linear exposure-response curve for the dementia risk and the appropriate activity level thresholds. Models were adjusted for possible confounders, including socio-demographic variables, comorbidities, depressive symptoms and APOE genotype. Results The median age was 80 years, and 63.6% of participants were women. After a median follow-up of 4.6 years, dementia was diagnosed in 117 participants (7.6%). An inverse J-shaped association was found between household/transportation physical activity sub-score and dementia risk, which means that the risk is lowest for the moderately high values and then re-increases slightly for the highest values. The results remained significant when this sub-score was categorized in three classes (low, moderate, and high), with hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of 0.55 (0.35-0.87) and 0.62 (0.38-1.01) for moderate and high activity levels, respectively. No significant effect was found for leisure/sport activities. Conclusions The 5-year risk of dementia was significantly and negatively associated with the household/transportation activity level, but not with the leisure and sport activity sub-score. This highlights the importance of considering all physical activity types in 72 years or older people.

scholarly journals Cardiac arrest at rest and during sport activity: causes and prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_E) ◽  
pp. E20-E24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Basso ◽  
Stefania Rizzo ◽  
Elisa Carturan ◽  
Kalliopi Pilichou ◽  
Gaetano Thiene
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
Ionic Channel ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
Valvular Diseases ◽  
Widespread Availability ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract In the Western Countries, cardiovascular diseases are still the most frequent cause of death, which is often sudden. Sudden death (SD) in the young population occurs at a rate of 1/100 000/year and carries a profound social impact both for the young age of the victims and the unanticipated occurrence. Physical effort is a triggering risk factor, in fact SD occurs three times more frequently in athletes than in non-athletes. The screening for sport activity fitness can identify apparently healthy subjects carrying a silent abnormality able to trigger sudden cardiac death during sport activity, thus the fitness screening could be lifesaving. The spectrum of cardiovascular conditions identified at post-mortem examination is quite extensive, and include: coronary, myocardial, valvular diseases, as well as conduction system abnormalities. In 20% of the cases, the heart is normal, and sudden cardiac death is ascribed to ionic channel disease. The diagnosis of cardiomyopathy is possible with the integration of electrocardiogram and echography, thus decreasing significantly the occurrence of SD of athletes in Italy, but early diagnosis of coronary artery disease still remains challenging. The best strategy to further decrease sudden cardiac death during sport activities consists in combining early diagnosis with widespread availability of defibrillators on site.

scholarly journals Gender-Typed Sport Practice, Physical Self-Perceptions, and Performance-Related Emotions in Adolescent Girls

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8518
Author(s):  
Milena Morano ◽  
Claudio Robazza ◽  
Montse C. Ruiz ◽  
Stefania Cataldi ◽  
Francesco Fischetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Sport Practice ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Aesthetic Sports

Youth sport experience provides opportunities for physical, personal, and social development in youngsters. Sport is a social system in which socially constructed gender differences and stereotypes are incorporated, and specific sport activities are often perceived as gender characterized. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between some salient physical and emotional self-perceptions and the type of sport practiced. A sample of 261 female athletes, aged 14–21 years (Mage = 15.59, SD = 2.00), practicing different sports, categorized as feminine (e.g., artistic and rhythmic gymnastics), masculine (e.g., soccer and rugby), or neutral (e.g., track and field and tennis), took part in a cross-sectional study. Significant differences were observed between aesthetic sports and other types of sports. Athletes involved in aesthetic sports reported the lowest values in their feelings of confidence and the highest values in feelings of worry related to competition. This may be attributed to the evaluation system of aesthetic sports, in which the athlete’s performance is evaluated by a jury. At the same time, they reported low values of dysfunctional psychobiosocial states associated with their general sport experience, likely because of their physical appearance close to the current body social standards for girls. Notwithstanding the differences by type of sport, athletes of all disciplines reported high mean values of functional psychobiosocial states, suggesting that their overall sporting experience was good.

Dietitian-Observed Macronutrient Intakes of Young Skill and Team-Sport Athletes: Adequacy of Pre, During, and Postexercise Nutrition

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay B. Baker ◽  
Lisa E. Heaton ◽  
Ryan P. Nuccio ◽  
Kimberly W. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Registered Dietitians ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Competitive Athletes ◽  
Free Living Conditions

Context:Sports nutrition experts recommend that team-sport athletes participating in intermittent high-intensity exercise for ≥1 hr consume 1–4 g carbohydrate/kg 1–4 hr before, 30–60 g carbohydrate/hr during, and 1–1.2 g carbohydrate/kg/hr and 20–25 g protein as soon as possible after exercise. The study objective was to compare observed vs. recommended macronutrient intake of competitive athletes under free-living conditions.Methods:The dietary intake of 29 skill/team-sport athletes (14–19 y; 22 male, 7 female) was observed at a sports training facility by trained registered dietitians for one 24-hr period. Dietitians accompanied subjects to the cafeteria and field/court to record their food and fluid intake during meals and practices/competitions. Other dietary intake within the 24-hr period (e.g., snacks during class) was accounted for by having the subject take a picture of the food/fluid and completing a log.Results:For male and female athletes, respectively, the mean ± SD (and percent of athletes meeting recommended) macronutrient intake around exercise was 1.4 ± 0.6 (73%) and 1.4 ± 1.0 (57%) g carbohydrate/kg in the 4 hr before exercise, 21.1 ± 17.2 (18%) and 18.6 ± 13.2 (29%) g carbohydrate/hrr during exercise, 1.4 ± 1.1 (68%) and 0.9 ± 1.0 (43%) g carbohydrate/kg and 45.2 ± 36.9 (73%) and 18.0 ± 21.2 (43%) g protein in the 1 hr after exercise.Conclusion:The male athletes’ carbohydrate and protein intake more closely approximated recommendations overall than that of the female athletes. The most common shortfall was carbohydrate intake during exercise, as only 18% of male and 29% of female athletes consumed 30–60 g carbohydrate/hr during practice/competition.

Concealed cardiomyopathies in competitive athletes with ventricular arrhythmias and an apparently normal heart: role of cardiac electroanatomical mapping and biopsy

Heart Rhythm ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1915-1922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Dello Russo ◽  
Maurizio Pieroni ◽  
Pasquale Santangeli ◽  
Stefano Bartoletti ◽  
Michela Casella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Electroanatomical Mapping ◽  
Normal Heart ◽  
Competitive Athletes

scholarly journals Views on the quality of life of people with disabilities in the light of their involvement in sport activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (Special Issue 1) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
REMIGIUSZ DROZDZ
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
Quality Of Life Index ◽  
Life Itself

Background: ‪The quality of life of people with disabilities is the result of many factors. Apart from health, functional and mental parameters, it is determined by several social conditions. This approach, however, concerns an objective perspective, apart from which there is also a subjective perspective. This is an internal approach that affects the sense of the quality of life, to a limited extent referring to the quality of life itself. Therefore, it can be assumed that the subjective views on the quality of life will be determined by the location in the social context, an example of which is sport activity. The aim of the research was to find out the opinions of disabled athletes about the quality of life in the context of their participation in various forms of physical activities. Material and methods: The research analysis was conducted on 107 disabled athletes and 19 disabled non-athletes. A diagnostic survey method was used with a questionnaire technique. The research tool was the Quality of Life Index, an American scale which belongs to the global category of scales and is composed of a series of questions referring to different areas of life. Results: ‪The results of the survey did not confirm more positive opinions about the quality of life among disabled athletes. The differences between the groups turned out to be statistically insignificant in most cases. Conclusions: ‪Since most of the research results to date indicate a positive impact of regular physical activity on self-esteem and the quality of life, it seems necessary to explore this problem on a larger research sample of people with disabilities.

scholarly journals Impact of Sport Activity on the Quality of Life of Saudi Woman

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Huda AbdlAziz Aldegheiry
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
Saudi Women ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
The Media ◽  
Fitness And Health ◽  
The Impact

The present research paper aims to identify the impact of sport activity on the quality of life of Saudi women (i.e., fitness and health, social aspects, psychological aspects, moral aspects, and mental aspects). It also aims to develop mechanisms to activate the sport activity to improve the quality of life of Saudi women. The sample consisted of (N= 384) Saudi women in Riyadh. The author applied a questionnaire to collect data. The results showed that sport activity has a high impact on fitness and the psychological and moral aspects and a high to moderate impact on the social and mental aspects of the Saudi woman. The study recommends activating the media role in disseminating sport culture and awareness among (children- teenager- elderly) women by publishing a sport activity supervised-bulletin to cover the sport activities, objectives, programs, as well as time and place of practice. In turn, this could promote positive aspects towards the practice of sport activities.   Received: 29 March 2021 / Accepted: 26 May 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021

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