Abstract P259: Genetic Risk Score, Lifestyle Cardiovascular Risk Score, and Myocardial Infarction in Hispanics

Background: A genetic risk score (GRS) and a lifestyle cardiovascular risk score (LCRS) have been independently associated with myocardial infarction (MI) in Hispanics. However, it is unknown if there is an interaction or a joint association between these scores. Objectives: To assess the interactive and joint associations between a GRS and a LCRS, as well as each individual lifestyle risk factor on the likelihood of MI. Methods: Data included 1534 Costa Rican adults with nonfatal acute MI and 1534 without MI participating in a case-control study. The GRS was calculated by summing the number of the top three MI-associated risk alleles. The LCRS was calculated using the estimated coefficients as weights for each lifestyle risk factors (diet, physical activity, smoking, waist:hip ratio, low or high alcohol intake, and low socioeconomic status). Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR), adjusting for age, sex, and area of residence (matching condition), and to test for interaction and joint association. Results: The multivariable OR for MI was 1.14 (95% CI 1.07, 1.22) per GRS unit and 2.72 (2.33, 3.91) per LCRS unit. Participants in the highest tertile of the GRS and highest tertile of the LCRS had higher odds of MI (5.43 [3.80, 7.76]) compared to those in the lowest category. A significant joint association was detected (p <0.0001), while the interaction term was non-significant (p=0.44). Similar results were found for the joint association between GRS and each individual lifestyle component: joint odds for highest risk category vs. lowest was 2.16 (1.53, 3.04) for diet, 1.85 (1.33, 2.59) for physical activity, 3.31 (2.45, 4.48) for smoking, 1.32 (0.92, 1.89) for alcohol, 2.84 (1.82, 4.42) for waist:hip ratio, and 1.86 (1.29, 2.69) for socioeconomic status. Conclusion: Although lifestyle risk factors and genetics contribute independently and in combination to the odds of MI, lifestyle risk factors were stronger among Costa Ricans. Efforts to improve lifestyle behaviors in this population, regardless of genetic susceptibility, may help prevent MI and related heart conditions.

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Epigenome-wide analyses identify DNA methylation signatures of dementia risk

10.1101/2020.04.06.20055517 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rosie M. Walker ◽

Mairead L. Bermingham ◽

Kadi Vaher ◽

Stewart W. Morris ◽

Toni-Kim Clarke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Dna Methylation ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Risk Measures ◽

Genetic Risk Score ◽

Genomic Region ◽

Risk Scores ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Dementia Risk ◽

Lifestyle Risk

AbstractINTRODUCTIONDementia pathogenesis begins years before clinical symptom onset, necessitating the understanding of premorbid risk mechanisms. Here, we investigated potential pathogenic mechanisms by assessing DNA methylation associations with dementia risk factors in Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-free participants.METHODSAssociations between dementia risk measures (family history, genetic risk score (GRS), and dementia risk scores (combining lifestyle, demographic and genetic factors) and whole-blood DNA methylation were assessed in discovery and replication samples (n=∼400 – ∼5,000) from Generation Scotland.RESULTSAD genetic risk and two risk scores were associated with differential methylation. The GRS predominantly associated with methylation differences in cis but also identified a genomic region implicated in Parkinson’s disease. Loci associated with the risk scores were enriched for those previously associated with body mass index and alcohol consumption.DISCUSSIONDementia risk measures show widespread association with blood-based methylation, which indicates differences in the processes affected by genetic and demographic/lifestyle risk factors.

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Abstract MP070: Genetic Predisposition to High Blood Pressure Associates With Cardiovascular Complications Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Two Independent Studies

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.125.suppl_10.amp070 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽

Author(s):

Qibin Qi ◽

Frank B Hu ◽

Lu Qi

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Risk Score ◽

Genetic Predisposition ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Genetic Risk Score ◽

Cardiovascular Complications ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Lifestyle Risk

Background Hypertension has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).We examined the effect of the genetic predisposition to high blood pressure and its potential interactions with diet and lifestyle factors on risk of cardiovascular complications among diabetic patients. Methods The present study included 1005 men and 1299 women with type 2 diabetes from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study and Nurses’ Health Study: 732 (380 men and 352 women) CVD cases (coronary heart disease [CHD] or stroke) and 1572 non-CVD controls. Genetic predisposition to high blood pressure was estimated by a genetic risk score on basis of 29 blood pressure-predisposing variants identified by a recent GWAS meta-analysis in ∼200,000 Europeans. Results The genetic risk score was associated with prevalent hypertension in both men and women, with a combined OR of 1.07 (95% CI 1.04-1.09) for each additional risk allele. Restricted cubic spline regression analysis indicated a linear relationship between the genetic risk score and increased CVD risk in both men ( P =0.002) and women. ( P =0.028) ( Figure ). The results from the 2 cohorts were combined since the genetic risk score showed consistent associations in men and women. After adjustment for age, BMI, and diet and lifestyle risk factors, each additional risk allele in the genetic risk score was associated with a 5% increased risk of developing CVD (OR 1.05 [95% CI 1.02-1.09]). The OR was 1.49 (1.08-2.07) for CVD when comparing the extreme quartiles of the genetic risk score ( P for trend =0.007). We did not observe significant interactions of the genetic risk score with Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension diet score, and other lifestyle risk factors such as BMI, physical activity, alcohol intake, use of nonnarcotic analgesics and supplemental folic acid intake. Conclusions Genetic predisposition to high blood pressure is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients, independent of diet and lifestyle risk factors for hypertension.

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Lifestyle Cardiovascular Risk Score, Genetic Risk Score, and Myocardial Infarction in Hispanic/Latino Adults Living in Costa Rica

Journal of the American Heart Association ◽

10.1161/jaha.116.004067 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (12) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Mercedes Sotos‐Prieto ◽

Ana Baylin ◽

Hannia Campos ◽

Lu Qi ◽

Josiemer Mattei

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Costa Rica ◽

Risk Score ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Genetic Risk Score ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Score ◽

Latino Adults

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Abstract P258: Traditional Risk Factors and a Genetic Risk Score Are Associated with Age of First Acute Coronary Syndrome

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.129.suppl_1.p258 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Christopher Labos ◽

Leo Rui Wang ◽

Louise Pilote ◽

Peter Bogaty ◽

James M Brophy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽

Risk Score ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Association Studies ◽

Genetic Risk Score ◽

Genome Wide Association Studies ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

Traditional Risk Factors

Background: Early onset myocardial infarction (MI) is frequently attributed to genetic factors that may accelerate the atherosclerotic process. However, early MI may also occur due to a high burden of traditional risk factors. We sought to examine the association between traditional risk factors as well as a genetic risk score on the age of a first acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods and Results: We included 460 participants (mean age 59 +/- 12 years, 22.4% female) with a first ACS enrolled in the Recurrence and Inflammation in the Acute Coronary Syndromes (RISCA) cohort. Participants were genotyped for 30 single nucleotide polymorphisms identified from prior myocardial infarction genome-wide association studies to construct a multilocus genetic risk score (GRS). Linear regression models were fit to estimate the association between traditional risk factors (TRFs) and the GRS with age of first ACS. Several TRFs were significantly associated with earlier age of first ACS (all β coefficients in years; p<0.05 for all) : male sex [β=-6.9 (95%CI -9.7,-4.1)], current cigarette smoking [β=-8.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] -10.0, -6.1)], overweight (BMI>25) [β=-2.6 (95%CI -4.8, -0.3)] and obesity (BMI>30) [β=-5.24 (95%CI -7.9, -2.6)]. Use of hormone replacement therapy [β=-4.3 (95%CI -8.4, -0.3) ] and aspirin use were also associated with age of first ACS [β=3.7 (95%CI 0.3, 7.0)]. After multivariable adjustment for TRFs, a one standard deviation increment in the GRS was associated with a 1.0 (95%CI 0.1-2.0) year earlier age of first ACS. Conclusion: Among individuals with a first ACS, a GRS composed of 30 SNPs is associated with a younger age of presentation. Although common genetic predisposition modestly contributes to earlier ACS, a heavy burden of traditional risk factors is strongly associated with markedly earlier ACS.

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The Prevalence of Insulin Resistance and the Associated Risk Factors in a Sample of 14–18-Year-Old Slovak Adolescents

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18030909 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 909

Author(s):

Jana Jurkovičová ◽

Katarína Hirošová ◽

Diana Vondrová ◽

Martin Samohýl ◽

Zuzana Štefániková ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Skewed Distribution ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Lifestyle Risk

The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors has increased in Slovakian adolescents as a result of serious lifestyle changes. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) and the associations with cardiometabolic and selected lifestyle risk factors in a sample of Slovak adolescents. In total, 2629 adolescents (45.8% males) aged between 14 and 18 years were examined in the study. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure (BP), and resting heart rate were measured; fasting venous blood samples were analyzed; and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-insulin resistance (IR) was calculated. For statistical data processing, the methods of descriptive and analytical statistics for normal and skewed distribution of variables were used. The mean HOMA-IR was 2.45 ± 1.91, without a significant sex differences. IR (cut-off point for HOMA-IR = 3.16) was detected in 18.6% of adolescents (19.8% males, 17.6% females). IR was strongly associated with overweight/obesity (especially central) and with almost all monitored cardiometabolic factors, except for total cholesterol (TC) and systolic BP in females. The multivariate model selected variables such as low level of physical fitness, insufficient physical activity, breakfast skipping, a small number of daily meals, frequent consumption of sweetened beverages, and low educational level of fathers as significant risk factors of IR in adolescents. Recognizing the main lifestyle risk factors and early IR identification is important in terms of the performance of preventive strategies. Weight reduction, regular physical activity, and healthy eating habits can improve insulin sensitivity and decrease the incidence of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD).

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Mendelian Randomization Focused Analysis of Vitamin D on the Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke

Stroke ◽

10.1161/strokeaha.120.032634 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yap-Hang Chan ◽

C. Mary Schooling ◽

Jie Zhao ◽

Shiu-Lun Au Yeung ◽

Jo Jo Hai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Risk Score ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Mendelian Randomization ◽

De Novo ◽

Genetic Risk Score ◽

Ischemic Disease

Background and Purpose: Experimental studies showed vitamin D (Vit-D) could promote vascular regeneration and repair. Prior randomized studies had focused mainly on primary prevention. Whether Vit-D protects against ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction recurrence among subjects with prior ischemic insults was unknown. Here, we dissected through Mendelian randomization any effect of Vit-D on the secondary prevention of recurrent ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. Methods: Based on a genetic risk score for Vit-D constructed from a derivation cohort sample (n=5331, 45% Vit-D deficient, 89% genotyped) via high-throughput exome-chip screening of 12 prior genome-wide association study–identified genetic variants of Vit-D mechanistic pathways ( rs2060793 , rs4588 , and rs7041 ; F statistic, 73; P <0.001), we performed a focused analysis on prospective recurrence of myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemic stroke in an independent subsample with established ischemic disease (n=441, all with prior first ischemic event; follow-up duration, 41.6±14.3 years) under a 2-sample, individual-data, prospective Mendelian randomization approach. Results: In the ischemic disease subsample, 11.1% (n=49/441) had developed recurrent ischemic stroke or MI and 13.3% (n=58/441) had developed recurrent or de novo ischemic stroke/MI. Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that genetic risk score predicted improved event-free survival from recurrent ischemic stroke or MI (log-rank, 13.0; P =0.001). Cox regression revealed that genetic risk score independently predicted reduced risk of recurrent ischemic stroke or MI combined (hazards ratio, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.48–0.81]; P <0.001), after adjusted for potential confounders. Mendelian randomization supported that Vit-D is causally protective against the primary end points of recurrent ischemic stroke or MI (Wald estimate: odds ratio, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.35–0.81]) and any recurrent or de novo ischemic stroke/MI (odds ratio, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.42–0.91]) and recurrent MI alone (odds ratio, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.30–0.81]). Conclusions: Genetically predicted lowering in Vit-D level is causal for the recurrence of ischemic vascular events in persons with prior ischemic stroke or MI.

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A genetic risk score predicts recurrent events after myocardial infarction in young adults

Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition) ◽

10.1016/j.rec.2019.08.006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (8) ◽

pp. 623-631

Author(s):

Luis M. Rincón ◽

Marcelo Sanmartín ◽

Gonzalo L. Alonso ◽

José Antonio Rodríguez ◽

Alfonso Muriel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Young Adults ◽

Risk Score ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Recurrent Events ◽

Genetic Risk Score

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Assessment of non-communicable disease related lifestyle risk factors among adult population in Bangladesh

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932021000286 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Md. Belal Hossain ◽

Mahmood Parvez ◽

Mir Raihanul Islam ◽

Hala Evans ◽

Sabuj Kanti Mistry

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Salt Intake ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Adult Population ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Lifestyle Risk

Abstract Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which can largely be prevented by controlling avoidable lifestyle-related risk factors, are rapidly penetrating the entire world, including developing countries. The present study aimed to assess NCD lifestyle risk factors among the adult population in Bangladesh. The data used in the study were collected as part of a population-based cross-sectional survey covering rural and urban areas of Bangladesh conducted in 2015–16 (N=11,982 adults aged ≥35 years). The lifestyle factors considered were diet (daily fruit and vegetable consumption and extra salt intake with meals), sleeping patterns, smoking, smokeless tobacco consumption, and physical activity. The study found that approximately 18.5% of participants had a non-daily consumption of fruit or vegetables, 46.6% used extra salt with their meals, 11.8% reported sleeping <7 hours daily, 25.7% smoked tobacco, 60.9% used smokeless tobacco and 69.7% were less physically active. The prevalence of improper lifestyle practices relevant to NCDs, such as an inadequate diet, poor sleeping pattern, tobacco consumption, and low physical activity, was significantly higher among older adults, women, the uneducated, the unemployed, urban dwellers, and people from rich households. The study found that NCD-related lifestyle characteristics were poorly compliant with standard guidelines among many adult populations in Bangladesh. The findings can inform preventative strategies to control the overwhelming NCD burden in Bangladesh, such as the promotion of physical exercise, healthy eating, and the cessation of the use of tobacco products.

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