Abstract P133: Epigenome-Wide Association Study of Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity in Adult African Americans Identifies Loci Near HCCA2

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Nguyen ◽  
Weihua Guan ◽  
Chong Wu ◽  
Megan Grove ◽  
Rui Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Epigenetic Mark ◽  
Global Methylation ◽  
Exercise Interventions

Regular moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) reduces the risk of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases, among other important benefits at all life stages. It is hypothesized that physical activity may alter disease risk via epigenetic modifications, including potentially long-standing changes in DNA methylation as previous research has shown epigenetic changes following exercise interventions. Most existing reports examine global methylation or study acute exercise effects on DNA methylation. To our knowledge, there are no published epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) of habitual MVPA. In this analysis, we tested associations between leisure time MVPA and genome-wide variation in CpG methylation, an epigenetic mark, in 2,601 African American participants (1,663 women; mean age 56.6 years) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. The Illumina HM450K Bead Chip was used to measure methylation in 471,035 CpG sites in stored frozen leukocyte samples, from visit 2 (1990-1992) or 3 (1993-1995). Linear regression models tested the cross-sectional association of DNA methylation M-value with self-reported leisure time MVPA at the visit of sample collection, modeled as minutes of MVPA per week and by category based on the AHA guidelines for physical activity in adults (none, less than 150, or at least 150 minutes MVPA per week), adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, education, alcohol use in grams per week, smoking status, cancer status, white blood cell count, imputed cell-type proportions using the Houseman method, and batch effects with the top 30 HM450K built-in nonnegative control probe principal components. Three CpGs, cg08269485, cg20272155, and cg08966208, upstream of the cathepsin D encoding gene, CTSD, were observed to be significantly inversely associated (q<0.05, FDR) with MVPA minutes/week. This is a strongly imprinted genomic region (chr11p15.5) and the region has also been reported to include DNA methylation variants that changed in response to an exercise training intervention. Additionally, 163 CpGs that we identified in the literature to be associated with habitual MVPA were also tested using the same models. One CpG, cg07863043, upstream of the adenomatosis polyposis coli gene, APC, in the 5q22.2 genomic region, was observed to be significantly positively associated with achieving at least 150 minutes of MVPA per week compared to none (q=0.0001, FDR). APC encodes a tumor suppressor protein that is an antagonist of the Wnt signaling pathway, and is involved in carcinogenesis and embryonic development. Replication in other populations is ongoing to confirm these findings as well as to identify additional physical activity-related DNA methylation variants.

scholarly journals The Promise of Youth Resistance Training

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (02) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Avery D Faigenbaum ◽  
Stephan Geisler
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Developmentally Appropriate ◽  
Muscular Fitness ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
Building Activities

SummaryGlobal health reports indicate that a vast majority of children and adolescents are not accumulating the recommended amount of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) daily. This decline in MVPA has coincided with troubling temporal trends in muscular fitness in modern day youth. Since a prerequisite level of muscular strength is needed to move proficiently, developmentally appropriate interventions that target neuromuscular deficits are needed to prepare girls and boys for ongoing participation in active play, exercise and sport activities. Instead of focusing exclusively on aerobic activities, the promotion of youth physical activity should recognize the shared importance of strength, skill and aerobic activities for all youth regardless of body size or physical prowess. In addition to enhancing muscular fitness and improving motor skill performance, regular participation in resistance training has been found to have a favorable influence on musculoskeletal strength, cardiometabolic function, body composition, and mental health in children and adolescents. A new mindset that recognizes the critical importance of strength-building activities early in life is needed before this generation of girls and boys becomes resistant to exercise interventions later in life.

scholarly journals Clearing your mind of work-related stress through moderate-to-vigorous and leisure-time physical activity: What "dose" it takes?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Lachance ◽  
Marc Corbiere ◽  
Gabriel Hains-Monfette ◽  
Paquito Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Related Stress ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Related Stress

Background. Work is reported as one of the main sources of psychological stress. Because of its role in the onset of burnout and impact on economic and health systems, work-related stress (WS) has become an issue of much concern. Among modifiable factors capable of reducing WS, two categories of physical activity (PA), namely leisure-time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (LTPA and MVPA), show promising evidence. Previous findings suggest that LTPA and MVPA allow adults to experience psychological detachment from job demands and restore their depleted resources at work. However, the optimal independent doses of LTPA and MVPA associated with a lower WS level has not yet been established. Methods. The aim of this study was therefore to address this gap using a cross-sectional, nationally representative sample of 4 200 Canadian workers. MVPA was measured through accelerometry and a self-reported assessment was conducted to collect data on WS and LTPA. Results. Generalized additive models indicated that one hour a day on average spent doing a LTPA of 8.5 METs-hour was associated with the highest benefits on WS (p < 0.001, Adjusted R2 = 0.04) while the optimal average daily dose of MVPA was around 90 minutes (p < 0.001, Adjusted R2 = 0.04). Noteworthy, first signs of WS reduction appear long before optimum is reached (e.g. 30 minutes of MVPA), stressing the relevance of merely doing an LTPA/MVPA regardless of the dose. Conclusion. Findings offer practical recommendations for public health policies on the optimal doses of MVPA/LTPA associated with decreased WS.

scholarly journals The Effects of Aerobic Versus Cognitively Demanding Exercise Interventions on Executive Functioning in School-Aged Children: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Anna Meijer ◽  
Marsh Königs ◽  
Irene M.J. van der Fels ◽  
Chris Visscher ◽  
Roel J. Bosker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Randomized Controlled

The authors performed a clustered randomized controlled trial to investigate the effects of an aerobic and a cognitively demanding exercise intervention on executive functions in primary-school-age children compared with the regular physical education program (N = 856). They hypothesized that both exercise interventions would facilitate executive functioning, with stronger effects for the cognitively demanding exercise group. The interventions were provided four times per week for 14 weeks. Linear mixed models were conducted on posttest neurocognitive function measures with baseline level as covariate. No differences were found between the exercise interventions and the control group for any of the measures. Independently of group, dose of moderate to vigorous physical activity was positively related to verbal working memory and attention abilities. This study showed that physical exercise interventions did not enhance executive functioning in children. Exposure to moderate to vigorous physical activity is a crucial aspect of the relationship between physical activity and executive functioning.

scholarly journals Impact of first and second eye cataract surgery on physical activity: a prospective study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e024491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn B Meuleners ◽  
Ying Ru Feng ◽  
Michelle Fraser ◽  
Kate Brameld ◽  
Kyle Chow
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Bilateral Cataract ◽  
Eye Surgery ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesTo investigate the impact of first eye and second eye cataract surgery on the level of physical activity undertaken by older adults with bilateral cataract.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingThree public ophthalmology clinics in Western Australia.ParticipantsFifty-five older adults with bilateral cataract aged 55+ years, awaiting first eye cataract surgery.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was participation in moderate leisure-time physical activity. The secondary outcomes were participation in walking, gardening and vigorous leisure-time physical activity. Participants completed a researcher-administered questionnaire, containing the Active Australia Survey and visual tests before first eye cataract surgery, after first eye surgery and after second eye surgery. A Generalised Estimating Equation linear regression model was undertaken to analyse the change in moderate leisure-time physical activity participation before first eye surgery, after first eye surgery and after second eye surgery, after accounting for relevant confounders.ResultsParticipants spent significantly less time per week (20 min) on moderate leisure-time physical activity before first eye cataract surgery compared with after first eye surgery (p=0.04) after accounting for confounders. After second eye cataract surgery, participants spent significantly more time per week (32 min) on moderate physical activity compared with after first eye surgery (p=0.02). There were no significant changes in walking, gardening and vigorous physical activity throughout the cataract surgery process.ConclusionFirst and second eye cataract surgery each independently increased participation in moderate leisure-time physical activity. This provides a rationale for timely first and second eye cataract surgery for bilateral cataract patients, even when they have relatively good vision.

scholarly journals Leisure-time physical activity and DNA methylation age—a twin study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Sillanpää ◽  
Miina Ollikainen ◽  
Jaakko Kaprio ◽  
Xiaoling Wang ◽  
Tuija Leskinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Dna Methylation Age

scholarly journals Mediterranean Built Environment and Weather as Modulator Factors on Physical Activity: Cross-Sectional Study

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Antoni Colom ◽  
Maurici Ruiz ◽  
Josep Muncunill ◽  
Julia Wärnberg ◽  
Montserrat Compa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Active Ageing ◽  
Brisk Walking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
The Impact

Background: When promoting physical activity practice, it is important to consider the plausible environmental determinants that may affect this practice. We aimed to explore the impact of objectively measured Public Open Spaces (POS) on objectively measured and self-reported physical activity and the influence of weather on this association, in a Mediterranean sample of senior adults with overweight or obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Method: Cross-sectional analyses based on 218 PREDIMED-Plus trial participants aged 55 to 75 years, from Palma de Mallorca (Spain). Indicators of access to POS were assessed in a 1.0 km sausage network walkable buffer around each participant’s residence address using geographic information systems. Mean daily minutes of self-reported leisure-time brisk walking, and accelerometer objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in bouts of at least 10 min (OM-MVPA) were measured. To investigate the association between access to POS and physical activity, generalized additive models with Gaussian link function were used. Results: Better access to POS was not statistically significantly associated with self-reported leisure-time brisk walking. A positive significant association was only observed between the distance of healthy routes contained or intersected by buffer and OM-MVPA. This association was only evident on non-rainy days. Conclusions: In this elderly population living in a Mediterranean city, only healthy routes contained or intersected by a 1 km sausage network walkable buffer influenced the accelerometer objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in bouts of at least 10 min and rainy conditions during the accelerometer period appeared to be an important factor related to active ageing.

scholarly journals Physical activity and risk of Alzheimer disease

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (13) ◽  
pp. e1897-e1905
Author(s):  
Sebastian E. Baumeister ◽  
André Karch ◽  
Martin Bahls ◽  
Alexander Teumer ◽  
Michael F. Leitzmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Inverse Variance ◽  
Study Population

ObjectiveEvidence from observational studies for the effect of physical activity on the risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) is inconclusive. We performed a 2-sample mendelian randomization analysis to examine whether physical activity is protective for AD.MethodsSummary data of genome-wide association studies on physical activity and AD were used. The primary study population included 21,982 patients with AD and 41,944 cognitively normal controls. Eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) known at p < 5 × 10−8 to be associated with average accelerations and 8 SNPs associated at p < 5 × 10−7 with vigorous physical activity (fraction of accelerations >425 milligravities) served as instrumental variables.ResultsThere was no association between genetically predicted average accelerations with the risk of AD (inverse variance weighted odds ratio [OR] per SD increment: 1.03, 95% confidence interval 0.97–1.10, p = 0.332). Genetic liability for fraction of accelerations >425 milligravities was unrelated to AD risk.ConclusionThe present study does not support a causal association between physical activity and risk of AD.

Are Canadians meeting the guidelines for moderate and vigorous leisure-time physical activity?

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley N. Bryan ◽  
Peter T. Katzmarzyk
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
Using Data

The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of Canadian adults (aged 18–55 years) who met the guidelines for moderate and vigorous physical activity set out in Canada’s Physical Activity Guide to Healthy Active Living. Leisure-time physical activity energy expenditure from moderate- and vigorous-intensity activities was calculated using data from the National Population Health Surveys (1994–1998) and the Canadian Community Health Surveys (2001–2007). The prevalence was estimated for no leisure-time physical activity, meeting only the moderate guideline, meeting both the moderate and vigorous guidelines, and meeting the guidelines through a combination of moderate and vigorous activities. Logistic regression was used to determine the odds of meeting the guidelines by various demographic characteristics. The prevalence of no activity did not change appreciably over time, ranging from 6.5% to 10%, depending on the survey year. Reporting of no activity was more prevalent among older adults, those in lower income groups, and those with a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg·m–2. Overall, 65% of adults met the guidelines for physical activity in 2007, which has increased from 54% in 1994–1995. Men, younger adults, those with a higher income, and those with a lower BMI more often met the guidelines. Among all subgroups, meeting the guidelines was most often accomplished through participation in moderate-intensity activities. These findings should be considered when designing and implementing public health interventions that promote participation in daily physical activity.

scholarly journals Accelerometer-measured habitual physical activity and sedentary time in pediatric concussion: A controlled cohort study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhanu Sharma ◽  
Joyce Obeid ◽  
Carol DeMatteo ◽  
Michael D Noseworthy ◽  
Brian W Timmons
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Habitual Physical Activity ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Pediatric Concussion

Objectives: To characterize and quantify differences in accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time between children with concussion (within the first month of injury) and 1:1 matched healthy controls. Methods: Secondary analysis of accelerometer data collected on 60 children with concussion and 60 healthy controls matched for age, sex, and season of accelerometer wear. Daily and hourly sedentary time, light physical activity (LPA), moderate physical activity (MPA), and vigorous physical activity (VPA) were compared between groups per independent samples t-tests. Results: Children with concussion (12.74 ± 2.85 years, 31 females) were significantly more sedentary than controls (12.43 ± 2.71 years, 31 females; mean difference [MD], 38.3 minutes/day, p=0.006), and spent less time performing LPA (MD, -19.5 minutes/day, p=0.008), MPA (MD, -9.8 minutes/day, p<0.001), and VPA(MD, -12.0 minutes/day, p<0.001); hour-by-hour analyses showed that these differences were observed from 8:00AM to 9:00PM. Sex-specific analyses identified that girls with concussion were less active and more sedentary than both boys with concussion (MD, 50.8 minutes/day; p=0.010) and healthy girls (MD, 51.1 minutes/day; p<0.010). Days post-injury significantly predicted MPA (β=0.071, p=0.032) and VPA (β=0.095, p=0.004), but not LPA or sedentariness in children with concussion. Conclusion: Clinical management should continue to advise against prolonged rest following pediatric concussion, given the activity debt observed within the first-month of injury. Currently, clinical management of concussion is shifting towards prescribing a single bout of daily sub-maximal aerobic exercise. Interventions aimed at reducing overall sedentary time and increasing habitual physical activity in pediatric concussion also warrant study.

scholarly journals Methylation Data Processing Protocol & Comparison of Blood and Cerebral Spinal Fluid Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie I. Arockiaraj ◽  
Dongjing Liu ◽  
John R. Shaffer ◽  
Theresa A. Koleck ◽  
Elizabeth A. Crago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Cerebral Spinal Fluid ◽  
Cpg Island ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Spinal Fluid ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Global Methylation ◽  
Surrogate Variable Analysis

AbstractOne challenge in conducting DNA methylation-based epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) is the appropriate cleaning and quality-checking of the methylation values to minimize biases and experimental artifacts, while simultaneously retaining potential biological signals. These issues are compounded in studies that include multiple tissue types, and/or tissues for which reference data are unavailable to assist in adjusting for cell-type mixture, for example cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). For our study that evaluated blood and CSF taken from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) patients, we developed a protocol to clean and quality-check genome-wide methylation levels and compared the methylomic profiles of the two tissues to determine whether blood is a suitable surrogate for CSF. CSF samples were collected from 279 aSAH patients longitudinally during the first 14 days of hospitalization, and a subset of 88 of these patients also provided blood samples within the first two days. Quality control (QC) procedures included identification and exclusion of poor performing samples and low-quality probes, functional normalization, and correction for cell-type heterogeneity via surrogate variable analysis (SVA). Significant differences in rates of poor sample performance was observed between blood (1.1% failing QC) and CSF (9.12% failing QC; p = 0.003). Functional normalization increased the concordance of methylation values among technical replicates in both CSF and blood. Likewise, SVA improved the asymptotic behavior of the test of association in a simulated EWAS under the null hypothesis. To determine the suitability of blood as a surrogate for CSF, we calculated the correlation of adjusted methylation values between blood and CSF globally and by genomic regions. Overall, mean correlation (r < 0.26) was low, suggesting that blood is not a suitable surrogate for global methylation in CSF. However, differences in the magnitude of the correlation were observed by genomic region (CpG island, shore, shelf, open sea; p < 0.001 for all) and orientation with respect to nearby genes (3’ UTR, transcription start site, exon, body, 5’ UTR; p < 0.01 for all). In conclusion, the correlation analysis and QC pipelines indicated that DNA extracted from blood was not, overall, a suitable surrogate for DNA extracted from CSF in aSAH methylomic studies.

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