Abstract P395: Examining the Relationship Between Physical Activity Resources and Self-reported Vigorous Physical Activity in a Resource-limited Community: Data From the Washington DC Cardiovascular Health and Needs Assessment

Physical activity (PA) is beneficial for arterial and autonomic health and, subsequently, cardiovascular disease risk. However, fundamental questions remain regarding the relationship between PA and health, the relative importance of the volume, intensity or composition of PA, and whether this differs in chronic conditions. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to explore the influence of movement behaviours on key cardiovascular risk factors in healthy populations and those with T1D using novel methods and analysis techniques. Chapter 4 revealed that, contrary to expectation, the composition of daily movement and sleep behaviours was not associated with arterial stiffness in healthy children, with the reallocation of time between any behaviours not predicting significant change in arterial stiffness. It was hypothesised that this may be related to the measurement duration being insufficient to reflect habitual PA and its health-associated fluctuations. Therefore, a 28-day measurement period was used in Chapter 5, which revealed that, whilst there was minimal fluctuation in movement behaviours, PA metrics derived from 28 days were more strongly associated with cardiovascular health markers. Using a similar measurement protocol, children with type I diabetes (T1D) were found to engage in more light and less moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) than healthy peers and were characterised by poorer arterial stiffness and autonomic function (Chapter 6). Importantly, Chapter 6 suggested that the intensity of PA was more influential than the volume. Subsequently, Chapter 7 supported this contention, revealing that the reallocation of time from any behaviour to MVPA was the most potent stimulus to cardiovascular health in T1D. Overall, this thesis demonstrates that the composition and the relative importance of the volume and intensity of PA must be considered when investigating the relationship with health. The findings highlight key targets for future interventions seeking to enhance the cardiovascular function of youth, especially in T1D.

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Moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity modifies the relationship between sedentary time and sarcopenia: the Tromsø Study 2015–2016

Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle ◽

10.1002/jcsm.12718 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jonas Johansson ◽

Bente Morseth ◽

David Scott ◽

Bjørn Heine Strand ◽

Laila A. Hopstock ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

The Relationship

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Cannabis use, sedentary behavior, and physical activity in a nationally representative sample of US adults

Harm Reduction Journal ◽

10.1186/s12954-021-00496-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lydia Q. Ong ◽

John Bellettiere ◽

Citlali Alvarado ◽

Paul Chavez ◽

Vincent Berardi

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Health Impact ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Objective Measures ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

The Relationship ◽

Potential Public Health

Abstract Background Prior research examining the relationship between cannabis use, sedentary behavior, and physical activity has generated conflicting findings, potentially due to biases in the self-reported measures used to assess physical activity. This study aimed to more precisely explore the relationship between cannabis use and sedentary behavior/physical activity using objective measures. Methods Data were obtained from the 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 2,092 participants (ages 20–59; 48.8% female) had accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior, light physical activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Participants were classified as light, moderate, frequent, or non-current cannabis users depending on how often they used cannabis in the previous 30 days. Multivariable linear regression estimated minutes in sedentary behavior/physical activity by cannabis use status. Logistic regression modeled self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in relation to current cannabis use. Results Fully adjusted regression models indicated that current cannabis users’ accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior did not significantly differ from non-current users. Frequent cannabis users engaged in more physical activity than non-current users. Light cannabis users had greater odds of self-reporting physical activity compared to non-current users. Conclusions This study is the first to evaluate the relationship between cannabis use and accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior and physical activity. Such objective measures should be used in other cohorts to replicate our findings that cannabis use is associated with greater physical activity and not associated with sedentary behavior in order to fully assess the potential public health impact of increases in cannabis use.

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The Positive Relationship between Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity and Bone Mineral Content Is Not Mediated by Free Leptin Index in Prepubertal Children: The PANIC Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18105365 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 5365

Author(s):

Annie M. Constable ◽

Josie E. Porter ◽

Danielle Benger ◽

Dimitris Vlachopoulos ◽

Alan R. Barker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Bone Mineral Content ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prepubertal Children ◽

Total Body ◽

The Relationship

Purpose: Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) positively influences bone mineral content (BMC) in prepubertal children, but it is unknown whether this relationship is partially mediated by free leptin index. The aim of this study was to examine whether the relationship between MVPA and total body less head (TBLH) BMC is mediated or moderated by free leptin index in prepubertal children. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis on 401 children (194 girls) from baseline examinations of the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Childhood Study. We applied the four-way decomposition mediation analysis method to assess whether free leptin index, measured from fasted blood samples, mediated the relationship between accelerometer-measured MVPA and TBLH BMC measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: MVPA had a positive controlled direct effect on TBLH BMC in girls and boys (β = 0.010 to 0.011, p < 0.05). There was no mediation or interaction between MVPA, free leptin index and TBLH BMC in girls or boys (β = −0.000 to 0.001, p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our study indicates that MVPA positively influences TBLH BMC through pathways not related to free leptin index in predominantly normal-weight prepubertal children, likely primarily through mechanical loading. The relationships between MVPA, free leptin index and TBLH BMC may be influenced by other factors such as pubertal status and adiposity, so it is unknown whether these observations extend to overweight and obese children at different stages of puberty.

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Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time among Children and Adolescents in Morocco: A Cross-Sectional Study

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/8949757 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Issad Baddou ◽

Asmaa El Hamdouchi ◽

Imane El Harchaoui ◽

Kaoutar Benjeddou ◽

Naima Saeid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Physical Activity Guideline ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Physical Activity Levels ◽

Objectively Measured

Background. Regular physical activity in childhood and adolescent plays an important role in reducing the risk of cardiovascular health diseases, diabetes, and obesity in adulthood. However, little is known about physical activity levels (PA) and sedentary time among children and adolescents in Morocco. Objective. To examine gender, type of day, and age grade differences in objectively measured sedentary time, physical activity levels, and physical activity guideline attainment among children and adolescents in Morocco. Method. 172 children/adolescents (mean age = 10.92 ± 1.55 years, 49.4% are boys) were recruited for this study and wore a tri-axial accelerometer (GT3X+) for 7 consecutive days. Time spent in sedentary, PA levels, and daily steps were measured and compared according to gender, age grade, and the type of day (weekdays/weekends). Results. In weekdays children/adolescents spent more time in sedentary than weekends (p < 0.001). Boys were eight times more likely to meet the recommendation for at least 60 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day than girls (OR: 8.569; 95% [CI]: 4.23–17.32), p < 0.001. Conclusion. These findings highlight the need for effective and sustainable strategies and programs aiming to promote physical activity and to reduce sedentary behavior among children and adolescents in Morocco.

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Maternal Prepregnancy Overweight and Offspring Fatness and Blood Pressure: Role of Physical Activity

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.22.3.369 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 369-378 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Joey C. Eisenman ◽

Mark A. Sarzynski ◽

Jerod Tucker ◽

Kate A. Heelan

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Self Report ◽

Body Fatness ◽

X Ray ◽

Prepregnancy Bmi ◽

Maternal Overweight ◽

The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to examine if offspring physical activity may affect the relationship between maternal overweight and offspring fatness and blood pressure (BP). Subjects included 144 maternal-child pairs (n = 74 boys and 70 girls, mean age = 7.3 yrs). Maternal prepregnancy BMI was determined by self-report. Offspring characteristics included resting systolic and diastolic BP, body fatness by dual energy x-ray absorbtiometry, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) using the Actigraph accelerometer. Children whose mothers were overweight or obese prepregnancy (Prepreg OW) were significantly larger and fatter than children from mothers with a normal prepregnancy BMI (Prepreg NORM). Prepreg OW children also had higher mean arterial pressure than Prepreg NORM children. BP values were not different across maternal Prepreg BMI/MVPA groups. Percent fat was significantly different across Prepreg BMI/MVPA groups. Prepreg OW children that did not meet the daily recommended value of MVPA were the fattest. Prepreg OW children that attained 360 min of MVPA/day had a mean percent body fat that was similar to Prepreg NORM children of either MVPA group.

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The Relationship Between Objectively Measured Physical Activity, Salivary Cortisol, and the Metabolic Syndrome Score in Girls

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.2013-0109 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 221-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Katrina D. DuBose ◽

Andrew J. McKune

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Body Fat ◽

Salivary Cortisol ◽

Sexual Maturity ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

The Relationship

The relationship between physical activity levels, salivary cortisol, and the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) score was examined. Twenty-three girls (8.4 ± 0.9 years) had a fasting blood draw, waist circumference and blood pressure measured, and wore an ActiGraph accelerometer for 5 days. Saliva samples were collected to measure cortisol levels. Previously established cut points estimated the minutes spent in moderate, vigorous, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. A continuous MetSyn score was created from blood pressure, waist circumference, high-density-lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride, and glucose values. Correlation analyses examined associations between physical activity, cortisol, the MetSyn score, and its related components. Regression analysis examined the relationship between cortisol, the MetSyn score, and its related components adjusting for physical activity, percent body fat, and sexual maturity. Vigorous physical activity was positively related with 30 min post waking cortisol values. The MetSyn score was not related with cortisol values after controlling for confounders. In contrast, HDL was negatively related with 30 min post waking cortisol. Triglyceride was positively related with 30 min post waking cortisol and area under the curve. The MetSyn score and many of its components were not related to cortisol salivary levels even after adjusting for physical activity, body fat percentage, and sexual maturity.

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Leading by Example: Association Between Mother and Child Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.2020-0058 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Brad R. Julius ◽

Amy M.J. O’Shea ◽

Shelby L. Francis ◽

Kathleen F. Janz ◽

Helena Laroche

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Low Income ◽

Multivariate Regression ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Mother And Child ◽

Low Income Mothers ◽

Objectively Measured ◽

The Relationship

Purpose: The authors examined the relationship between mother and child activity. Methods: The authors compared moderate–vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time of low-income mothers with obesity and their 6- to 12-year-old children on week (WD) and weekend (WE) days. A total of 196 mother–child pairs wore accelerometers simultaneously for a week. Mothers completed questionnaires. Spearman correlation and multivariate regression were used. Results: WE MVPA (accelerometry) was significantly correlated between mothers with children aged 6–7 (rs = .35) and daughters (rs = .27). Self-reported maternal PA time spent with one of their children was significantly correlated with the WE MVPA of all children (rs = .21) and children aged 8–10 (rs = .22) and with the WD MVPA of all children (rs = .15), children aged 8–10 (rs = .23), aged 11–12 (rs = .52), and daughters (rs = .37), and inversely correlated to the WD sedentary time of all children (rs = −.21), children aged 8–10 (rs = −.30), aged 11–12 (rs = −.34), daughters (rs = −.26), and sons (rs = −.22). In multivariate regression, significant associations were identified between reported child–mother PA time together and child MVPA and sedentary time (accelerometry). Conclusions: Mothers may influence the PA levels of their children with the strongest associations found in children aged 6–7 and daughters. Mother–child coparticipation in PA may lead to increased child MVPA and decreased sedentary behavior.

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