Abstract P228: Do Cardiometabolic Risk Profiles Differ Across Race-Ethnicity? An Analysis of the Most Active U.S. Adults in the 2003-2006 NHANES

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Boyer ◽  
Michael R Richardson ◽  
James R Churilla ◽  
Lindsay Toth ◽  
Eugene Fitzhugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Introduction: Previous studies have revealed a significant, inverse dose-response relationship between total activity counts/day (TAC/d) and several cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF). An ongoing line of research is the examination of the contributions of behavioral, environmental, and physiological factors to CMRF differences across race-ethnicity. However, it is unknown if these differences exist among the most physically active adults. Hypothesis: Among the most active U.S. adults, we hypothesize that CMRF measures will differ across race-ethnic groups. Methods: Study sample (n=1,059) included adult (20-79 years of age) participants from the 2003-2006 NHANES who wore an ActiGraph model 7164 accelerometer on the right hip. The top quartile of accelerometer-derived age- and gender-specific TAC/d was used as a cutpoint to define the “most active”. All participants were without T2D (fasting glucose <126 mg/dL, no medication, no self-reported diagnosis) and without CVD (self-report). CMRF included HOMA-IR, fasting insulin and glucose, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), HDL, LDL, triglycerides, BMI, waist circumference (WC) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Multiple linear regression was used to examine CMRF differences between non-Hispanic white (NHW), non-Hispanic black (NHB) and Mexican American (MA) participants. Regression models were adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking, wear time, BMI (except BMI and WC models), objectively-measure MVPA (≥760 counts/min) and race-ethnicity. Results: No significant differences were found in mean TAC/d across race-ethnicity. When compared to NHW, NHB had significantly higher HOMA-IR, fasting insulin, SBP, WC, and BMI. Compared to NHW, MA had significantly higher HOMA-IR, fasting insulin, triglycerides, WC and BMI. When comparing NHB to MA, MA had significantly higher triglycerides and HDL and significantly lower SBP. Conclusions: It has been proposed that the race-ethnic differences in PA participation could be contributing to disparities in elevated CMRF, but even among U.S. adults in the 75th percentile for total activity volume (i.e. TAC/d), race-ethnic differences in CMRF still exist. It is probable that other social, environmental, and genetic factors are responsible for moderating the beneficial effects PA has on CMRF specifically among NHB and MA adults.

scholarly journals Change in Estradiol and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone across the Early Menopausal Transition: Effects of Ethnicity and Age

2004 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 1555-1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Randolph ◽  
MaryFran Sowers ◽  
Irina V. Bondarenko ◽  
Siobán D. Harlow ◽  
Judith L. Luborsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Midlife Women ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Caucasian Women ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Serum reproductive hormone concentrations were measured longitudinally in a community-based, multiethnic population of midlife women to assess whether ethnic differences exist in the patterns of change in estradiol (E2) and FSH and, if so, whether these differences are explained by host characteristics. We studied 3257 participants from seven clinical sites in the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN) who were aged 42–52 yr at baseline and self-identified as African American (28.2%), Caucasian (47.1%), Chinese (7.7%), Hispanic (8.4%), or Japanese (8.6%). E2 and FSH were assayed in serum collected primarily in the early follicular phase of a spontaneous menstrual cycle in three consecutive annual visits. The primary explanatory variables included in repeated-measures regression analyses were race/ethnicity, menopausal status, age, body mass index (BMI), day of the cycle, smoking, parity, socioeconomic status, study site, and the self-report of diabetes at baseline. At the baseline visit, 46.2% of the women were classified as being early perimenopausal, with the remaining being premenopausal. By the second follow-up visit, 5.5% of the women in that cohort were postmenopausal, 66.8% were early perimenopausal, 8.3% were late perimenopausal, and 19.4% remained premenopausal. Serum E2 concentrations decreased significantly with age, with a steeper decline at higher ages. FSH concentrations increased significantly with age, with a steeper increase at higher ages. Similar patterns in the decline of E2 and the increase in FSH with age were found across ethnic groups, but the levels of these hormones differed by race/ethnicity. Specifically, over time, Chinese and Japanese women had lower E2 concentrations but similar FSH levels, compared with Caucasian women, and African American women had higher FSH concentrations but comparable E2 levels with those of Caucasian women. These ethnic differences in E2 and FSH were independent of menopausal status. The effect of BMI on serum E2 and FSH levels varied by menopausal status. Increasing BMI was associated with decreasing concentrations of E2 among premenopausal and early perimenopausal women but was associated with increasing concentrations of E2 among late perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Increasing BMI was associated with decreasing concentrations of FSH, with the effect of BMI becoming larger as women transitioned through menopause. We conclude that serum E2 levels decrease and FSH concentrations increase with increasing age in midlife women, that ethnic differences in E2 over time differ from ethnic differences in FSH and suggest ethnic differences in the pituitary-ovarian relationship, and that the effect of BMI on E2 and FSH concentrations varies by menopausal status.

scholarly journals Race, Ethnicity, and Social Engagement Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Health and Retirement Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 28-28
Author(s):  
Lien Quach
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Health And Retirement Study ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract Social engagement is crucial for older adults. This study examines the relationship between race, ethnicity, and social engagement among community-dwelling older adults using data came from the Health and Retirement Study (2014) (n=6221). Race and ethnic status were categorized as: non-Hispanic white (NHW), non-Hispanic black (NHB), non-Hispanic “Asians and other race” (NHA) and Hispanic (any race). Social engagement was based on self-report and included keeping in touch with friends, family and participating in social activities. Covariates included age, sex, education, number of comorbidities, physical function, and alcohol consumptions. The mean age was 74.6, 60% were female. Race and ethnicity distribution were 78.6% NHW, 11.9% NHB, 7.89% Hispanics, and 1.7% NHA. The social engagement (SE) score averaged 3.3. Hispanics, Asians and other races had a lower SE score compared with NHW (b=-0.29, p&lt;.0001; b=-0.27, p=0.04). Understanding racial and ethnic disparities in SE can help target appropriate social intervention.

Sex and Ethnic Differences in Children’s Physical Activity: Discrepancies between Self-Report and Objective Measures

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Sallis ◽  
Thomas L. McKenzie ◽  
John P. Elder ◽  
Patricia L. Hoy ◽  
Todd Galati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Recall Data ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
American Children ◽  
Children’S Physical Activity

Previous studies have not used both self-report and objective measures to assess sex and ethnic differences in children’s physical activity. In the present study, 187 Mexican American and Anglo American children, aged 11 to 12 years, were assessed by two 7-day physical activity recall interviews and up to 8 days of accelerometer (Caltrac) monitoring over a 6-month period. Compared to Anglo American boys, accelerometer data showed Mexican American boys, Anglo American girls, and Mexican American girls to be 95,81, and 75% as active, respectively. Activity recall data showed that, compared to Anglo American boys, Mexican American boys, Anglo American girls, and Mexican American girls were 95,95, and 90% as active, respectively. The extent of sex and ethnic differences in children’s physical activity depend on the measure used.

Racial/Ethnic Differences in Stress, Coping, and Distress Among Mothers With a Child in the ICU

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-284
Author(s):  
Mary E. Ernst ◽  
Jessica Roberts Williams ◽  
Brian E. McCabe
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
Coping Behaviors ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Coping Process ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Background Having a child in the intensive care unit (ICU) is a stressful event that can cause negative mental health outcomes for parents, but little is known about the experience of parental stress among members of racial/ethnic minority groups. Objective To examine the stress and coping process in a racially/ethnically diverse sample of mothers of a child who was acutely admitted to an ICU. Methods Participants (N = 103) completed a cross-sectional self-report survey; 86.4% completed it within a week of their child’s ICU admission. Analysis of variance was used to examine racial/ethnic differences in perceived ICU-related stressors, coping behaviors, and distress level. Linear regression was used to examine the moderating effects of race/ethnicity on the relationships between stressors, coping behaviors, and distress. Results Mothers across racial group experienced similar stressors during the acute phase of their child’s ICU admission. African American mothers reported greater overall use of coping behaviors, particularly avoidance coping, and experienced higher levels of distress than did Hispanic or non-Hispanic White mothers. Hispanic mothers experienced the least distress. The interaction of race/ethnicity and emotion-focused coping moderated the stress and coping process. Conclusions Racial and ethnic diversity in sampling should be a priority in future studies of the stress and coping process of mothers with a child in an ICU. Critical care nurses should minimize known stressors for these mothers and encourage and support their preferred coping behaviors, recognizing that these may differ across racial/ethnic groups.

2093-P: Acanthosis Nigricans as a Composite Marker of Cardiometabolic Risk and Its Complex Association with Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Mexican-American Children

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 2093-P
Author(s):  
JUAN C. LOPEZ-ALVARENGA ◽  
RECTOR ARYA ◽  
GEETHA CHITTOOR ◽  
SOLOMON FRANKLIN PAUL ◽  
SOBHA R. PUPPALA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Acanthosis Nigricans ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
American Children

The Role of Personal Control in Adaptive Functioning

2009 ◽  
pp. 270-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne C. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
Coping Skills ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sense Of Control ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Controllable Factors

A sense of personal control is an important resource that helps people maintain emotional stability and successfully negotiate their way through life. People foster their perceived control by focusing on reachable goals, creating new avenues for control, and accepting difficult-to-change circumstances. In general, perceived control need not be realistic in order to have beneficial effects, although in the area of health promotion, overestimating one's control can reduce the motivation to engage in protection. Research on ethnic differences in the benefits of a sense of personal control suggests that those from more collectivistic cultures or subcultures may be less benefited by a sense of personal control, relying instead on a socially derived sense of control. Successful interventions to enhance personal control include programs that bolster coping skills, give options and decisions to participants, and provide training that encourages attributions to controllable factors. Future research should further explore ethnic differences in the effects of personal control, the consequences of unrealistic control perceptions, and interventions to enhance the sense of control.

scholarly journals 699 Sleep Health Traits and COVID-19: Mortality Risk from the UK Biobank

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A273-A273
Author(s):  
Xi Zheng ◽  
Ma Cherrysse Ulsa ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Lei Gao ◽  
Kun Hu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Introduction While there is emerging evidence for acute sleep disruption in the aftermath of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is unknown whether sleep traits contribute to mortality risk. In this study, we tested whether earlier-life sleep duration, chronotype, insomnia, napping or sleep apnea were associated with increased 30-day COVID-19 mortality. Methods We included 34,711 participants from the UK Biobank, who presented for COVID-19 testing between March and October 2020 (mean age at diagnosis: 69.4±8.3; range 50.2–84.6). Self-reported sleep duration (less than 6h/6-9h/more than 9h), chronotype (“morning”/”intermediate”/”evening”), daytime dozing (often/rarely), insomnia (often/rarely), napping (often/rarely) and presence of sleep apnea (ICD-10 or self-report) were obtained between 2006 and 2010. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to adjust for age, sex, education, socioeconomic status, and relevant risk factors (BMI, hypertension, diabetes, respiratory diseases, smoking, and alcohol). Results The mean time between sleep measures and COVID-19 testing was 11.6±0.9 years. Overall, 5,066 (14.6%) were positive. In those who were positive, 355 (7.0%) died within 30 days (median = 8) after diagnosis. Long sleepers (&gt;9h vs. 6-9h) [20/103 (19.4%) vs. 300/4,573 (6.6%); OR 2.09, 95% 1.19–3.64, p=0.009), often daytime dozers (OR 1.68, 95% 1.04–2.72, p=0.03), and nappers (OR 1.52, 95% 1.04–2.23, p=0.03) were at greater odds of mortality. Prior diagnosis of sleep apnea also saw a two-fold increased odds (OR 2.07, 95% CI: 1.25–3.44 p=0.005). No associations were seen for short sleepers, chronotype or insomnia with COVID-19 mortality. Conclusion Data across all current waves of infection show that prior sleep traits/disturbances, in particular long sleep duration, daytime dozing, napping and sleep apnea, are associated with increased 30-day mortality after COVID-19, independent of health-related risk factors. While sleep health traits may reflect unmeasured poor health, further work is warranted to examine the exact underlying mechanisms, and to test whether sleep health optimization offers resilience to severe illness from COVID-19. Support (if any) NIH [T32GM007592 and R03AG067985 to L.G. RF1AG059867, RF1AG064312, to K.H.], the BrightFocus Foundation A2020886S to P.L. and the Foundation of Anesthesia Education and Research MRTG-02-15-2020 to L.G.

scholarly journals Ethnic Differences in Insulin Resistance and Its Consequences in Older Mexican American and Non-Hispanic White Women

1997 ◽  
Vol 52A (1) ◽  
pp. M56-M60 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Aguirre ◽  
C. N.O. Jones ◽  
D. Pei ◽  
M. L. Villa ◽  
G. M. Reaven
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
White Women ◽  
Hispanic White

Applying the Health Belief Model to Characterize Racial/Ethnic Differences in Digital Conversations Related to Depression Pre– and Mid–COVID-19 (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruby Castilla-Puentes ◽  
Jacqueline Pesa ◽  
Caroline Brethenoux ◽  
Patrick Furey ◽  
Liliana Gil Valletta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Belief Model ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Seeking Help ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Belief Model ◽  
Racial Ethnic

BACKGROUND The prevalence of depression symptoms in the United States is >3 times higher mid–COVID-19 versus pre-pandemic. Racial/ethnic differences in mindsets around depression and the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic are not well characterized. OBJECTIVE To describe attitudes, mindsets, key drivers, and barriers related to depression pre– and mid–COVID-19 by race/ethnicity using digital conversations about depression mapped to health belief model (HBM) concepts. METHODS Advanced search, data extraction, and AI-powered tools were used to harvest, mine, and structure open-source digital conversations of US adults who engaged in conversations about depression pre– (February 1, 2019-February 29, 2020) and mid–COVID-19 pandemic (March 1, 2020-November 1, 2020) across the internet. Natural language processing, text analytics, and social data mining were used to categorize conversations that included a self-identifier into racial/ethnic groups. Conversations were mapped to HBM concepts (ie, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy). Results are descriptive in nature. RESULTS Of 2.9 and 1.3 million relevant digital conversations pre– and mid–COVID-19, race/ethnicity was determined among 1.8 million (62%) and 979,000 (75%) conversations pre– and mid–COVID-19, respectively. Pre–COVID-19, 1.3 million conversations about depression occurred among non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), 227,200 among Black Americans (BA), 189,200 among Hispanics, and 86,800 among Asian Americans (AS). Mid–COVID-19, 736,100 conversations about depression occurred among NHW, 131,800 among BA, 78,300 among Hispanics, and 32,800 among AS. Conversations among all racial/ethnic groups had a negative tone, which increased pre– to mid–COVID-19; finding support from others was seen as a benefit among most groups. Hispanics had the highest rate of any racial/ethnic group of conversations showing an avoidant mindset toward their depression. Conversations related to external barriers to seeking treatment (eg, stigma, lack of support, and lack of resources) were generally more prevalent among Hispanics, BA, and AS than among NHW. Being able to benefit others and building a support system were key drivers to seeking help or treatment for all racial/ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS Applying concepts of the HBM to data on digital conversation about depression allowed organization of the most frequent themes by race/ethnicity. Individuals of all groups came online to discuss their depression. There were considerable racial/ethnic differences in drivers and barriers to seeking help and treatment for depression pre– and mid–COVID-19. Generally, COVID-19 has made conversations about depression more negative, and with frequent discussions of barriers to seeking care. These data highlight opportunities for culturally competent and targeted approaches to address areas amenable to change that might impact the ability of people to ask for or receive mental health help, such as the constructs that comprise the HBM.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document