The Role of Personal Control in Adaptive Functioning

2009 ◽  
pp. 270-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne C. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
Coping Skills ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sense Of Control ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Controllable Factors

A sense of personal control is an important resource that helps people maintain emotional stability and successfully negotiate their way through life. People foster their perceived control by focusing on reachable goals, creating new avenues for control, and accepting difficult-to-change circumstances. In general, perceived control need not be realistic in order to have beneficial effects, although in the area of health promotion, overestimating one's control can reduce the motivation to engage in protection. Research on ethnic differences in the benefits of a sense of personal control suggests that those from more collectivistic cultures or subcultures may be less benefited by a sense of personal control, relying instead on a socially derived sense of control. Successful interventions to enhance personal control include programs that bolster coping skills, give options and decisions to participants, and provide training that encourages attributions to controllable factors. Future research should further explore ethnic differences in the effects of personal control, the consequences of unrealistic control perceptions, and interventions to enhance the sense of control.

The Role of Personal Control in Adaptive Functioning

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne C. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Control ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Health Promotion Behaviors ◽  
Illusory Control ◽  
Controllable Factors

A sense of personal control helps people maintain emotional stability and negotiate their way through life. People foster this by focusing on reachable goals, creating new avenues for control, and accepting difficult-to-change circumstances. Perceived control need not be realistic in order to have beneficial effects. Research suggests that those from more collectivist cultures may derive less benefit from a sense of personal control, relying instead on a socially derived sense of control. Interventions to enhance personal control include programs that bolster coping skills, give options to participants, encourage attributions to controllable factors, and focus on empowerment. Future research should include longitudinal studies that examine disconfirmations of control and the value of maintaining vs. relinquishing control following a traumatic event. More attention is also needed on cultural differences in perceived control, the effects of illusory control on health-promotion behaviors, and interventions to increase perceived control in everyday life.

The Role of Empathy and Compassion in Conflict Resolution

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 310-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga M. Klimecki
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Personal Distress ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Intergroup Conflicts

Empathy and empathy-related processes, such as compassion and personal distress, are recognized to play a key role in social relations. This review examines the role of empathy in interpersonal and intergroup relations, including intractable conflicts. Despite the limitations of empathy, there is growing evidence that empathy and compassion are associated with more prosocial behavior in interpersonal relations. Furthermore, empathy and compassion have been associated with more favorable attitudes and higher readiness for reconciliation across a range of intergroup settings. This review ends by summarizing recent evidence for the beneficial effects of compassion training on interpersonal and intergroup relations and by outlining new avenues for future research on how compassion training could reduce intergroup conflicts.

Assessing the effectiveness of interactional feedback for L2 acquisition: Issues and challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Nassaji
Keyword(s):  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Conversational Interaction ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Challenging Question ◽  
Considerable Body

AbstractHow to correct learner errors has long been of interest to both language teachers and second language acquisition (SLA) researchers. One way of doing so is through interactional feedback, which refers to feedback provided on learners' erroneous utterances during conversational interaction. Various theoretical claims have been made regarding the beneficial effects of interactional feedback, and over the years a considerable body of research has examined its effectiveness. In this context, a central and challenging question has always been how to determine whether such feedback is effective for language learning. Studies investigating the role of feedback have used various measures to assess its usefulness. In this paper, I will begin with a brief overview of the recent studies examining interactional feedback, with a focus on how its effectiveness has been assessed. I will then examine the various measures used in both descriptive and experimental research and discuss the issues associated with such measures. I will conclude with what continues to pose us a challenge in assessing the role of feedback and offer some recommendations to inform future research in this area.

scholarly journals The role of Need for Cognition in wellbeing – A review of associations and potential underlying mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine Zerna ◽  
Anja Strobel ◽  
Alexander Strobel
Keyword(s):  
Academic Outcomes ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Need For Cognition ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Leverage Point ◽  
Cognitive Activities ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Psychology Review

Need for Cognition (NFC) describes one’s inclination towards and enjoyment of effortful cognitive activities and has been associated with favourable academic outcomes. Yet, recent evidence also points to beneficial outcomes regarding wellbeing. This review gives an overview of the literature on the role of NFC in wellbeing in adults. Higher NFC was found to be associated with lower neuroticism, higher positive affect and life satisfaction, a more stable identity and higher social confidence, while associations with addictive behaviours and physical health were inconsistent. One mechanism driving these patterns seems to be a higher perceived control in individuals with higher NFC that results in lower depression and burnout via active coping, but also in a reduced effectiveness of health interventions when there was an imbalance between perceived resources and challenges. Thus, this review provides a leverage point for future research on NFC and wellbeing to improve prevention and intervention. [This manuscript has been submitted to Personality and Social Psychology Review on May 18th 2021]

scholarly journals Role of Rehabilitation in Promoting Engagement in Daily Life in Multiple Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 256-262
Author(s):  
Niels Peeters ◽  
Inger Grethe Løyning ◽  
Sofie Ferdinand ◽  
Daphne Kos
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Activity Performance

Abstract The purpose of this narrative review is to define the theoretical constructs of engagement, participation, and balance. The implementation of these constructs in multiple sclerosis (MS) rehabilitation are described because MS symptoms such as fatigue and cognitive decline may affect engagement in daily life. The constructs of engagement and participation can be considered to be different when they are studied. The constructs related to balance are of interest when targeting engagement. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation programs may have beneficial effects in optimizing engagement. Therefore, the measurement of these constructs is primordial because they give us a deeper understanding of the meaning of activity performance that reflects engagement in daily life. Future research may focus on describing engagement in both men and women at all stages of MS and may explore variables that influence engagement in daily life to integrate engagement optimization in MS rehabilitation. Engagement may have beneficial effects as part of multidisciplinary rehabilitation in MS.

scholarly journals Surgical treatment of obesity

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vance L. Albaugh ◽  
Naji N. Abumrad
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Surgery ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Obesity prevalence continues to increase worldwide, as do the numerous chronic diseases associated with obesity, including diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. The prevalence of bariatric surgery also continues to increase and remains the most effective and sustainable treatment for obesity. Over the last several years, numerous prospective and longitudinal studies have demonstrated the benefits of bariatric surgery on weight loss, mortality, and other chronic diseases. Even though the mechanisms underlying many of these beneficial effects remain poorly understood, surgical management of obesity continues to increase given its unmatched efficacy. In this commentary, we discuss recent clinical advancements as well as several areas needed for future research, including indications for bariatric and metabolic surgery, determination of responders and non-responders, metabolic surgery in non-obese individuals, and the evolving role of bariatric surgery in adolescents.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Inequalities in Mortality After Age 67: The Contribution of Psychological Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijke Veenstra ◽  
Gøril Kvamme Løset ◽  
Svein Olav Daatland
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Primary Control

Diverging trends of longer lives and increased inequalities in age-at-death invite to updated research on late-life mortality. Earlier studies have identified health behavior, childhood, psychosocial, and material conditions as key determinants of life expectancy, but the role of psychological factors remains a topic of debate. The current study is framed in a life course developmental perspective and assesses the mediating role of secondary control strategies (subjective age) and primary control capacity (perceived control) to socioeconomic (wealth and education) inequality in mortality after age 67. Data are derived from the second wave of the Norwegian Life Course, Ageing and Generation study (N=1,432 and age 67–85). All in all, 366 deaths were observed over a mean follow-up of 9.6years. Perceived control was measured by the Pearlin and Schooler Mastery Scale. SA was measured with proportional discrepancy scores in felt age and ideal age. Stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were conducted to analyze the relative contribution of SES (education and accumulated wealth), felt age, and ideal age discrepancies and perceived control on 11-year mortality. Findings show that lower levels of wealth and perceived control independently predict increased elderly mortality over an 11-year period. Feeling younger and smaller ideal age discrepancies are positively associated with perceived control, but do not account for additional variability in longevity among older adults. Findings add to the interdisciplinary field of socioeconomic inequalities in elderly mortality and underline the specific importance of structural conditions (wealth) and the continued importance of (perceived) primary control capacity for longevity also after age 67. Future research may assess in more detail how wealth and perceived control complement each other in contributing to healthy aging and longevity, for example, by longitudinal research including the role of significant life events in the second half of life in different welfare state contexts.

scholarly journals TNF-α: A Benificial or Harmful Pathogenic Cytokine in Cardiovascular System

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
Sunny Dhiman ◽  
Inder Kumar ◽  
Priyankul Palia ◽  
Shalini Jamwal ◽  
Pankaj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Pressure Overload ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF- alpha) plays important role in pathophysiology of cardiovascular system and had been comprehensively studied over the last 20 years.  These studies demonstrate both Detrimental and potentially conflicting roles of TNF-α in pathophysiology of heart. Beneficial effects of TNF-α includes cardioprotective action against ischemia, myocarditis, pressure overload and preventive action against potential adverse effects including development of atherosclerosis, reperfusion injury, hypertrophy, and heart failure. However, TNF-α is still controversial for its beneficial or harmful effects for cardiovascular system. This review includes evaluation of possible role of TNF-α in cardiovascular system specifically in pathophysiology and morphology of cardiomyocytes. Further this article mainly emphases on the claimed role of TNF-α pathways with concerning essential cardiac cellular processes which may have unswerving adaptive effects in the heart with respect to future research directions.  Keywords: Tumor Necrosis Factor, Hypertrophy, Pathophysiology, Cytokine, Pathology, Cardiovascular System.

scholarly journals Serotonin: A mediator of the gut–brain axis in multiple sclerosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1144-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsveta S Malinova ◽  
Christine D Dijkstra ◽  
Helga E de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Demyelinating Disorders ◽  
The Brain

Background: The significance of the gut microbiome for the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been established, although the underlying signaling mechanisms of this interaction have not been sufficiently explored. Objectives: We address this point and use serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT))—a microbial-modulated neurotransmitter (NT) as a showcase to demonstrate that NTs regulated by the gut microbiome are potent candidates for mediators of the gut–brain axis in demyelinating disorders. Methods, Results, and Conclusion: Our comprehensive overview of literature provides evidence that 5-HT levels in the gut are controlled by the microbiome, both via secretion and through regulation of metabolites. In addition, we demonstrate that the gut microbiome can influence the formation of the serotonergic system (SS) in the brain. We also show that SS alterations have been related to MS directly—altered expression of 5-HT transporters in central nervous system (CNS) and indirectly—beneficial effects of 5-HT modulating drugs on the course of the disease and higher prevalence of depression in patients with MS. Finally, we discuss briefly the role of other microbiome-modulated NTs such as γ-aminobutyric acid and dopamine in MS to highlight a new direction for future research aiming to relate microbiome-regulated NTs to demyelinating disorders.

A new look at nursing home residents’ depressive symptoms: the role of basic versus expanded everyday competence

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Diegelmann ◽  
Hans-Werner Wahl ◽  
Oliver K. Schilling ◽  
Carl-Philipp Jansen ◽  
Katrin Classen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACTBackground:Depressive symptoms are highly prevalent in nursing home (NH) residents. The relationship between depressive symptoms and everyday competence in terms of basic (BaCo) and expanded everyday competence (ExCo; see Baltes et al., 2001) in the NH setting is, however, not clear. Applying Lewinsohn's depression model, we examined how residents’ BaCo and ExCo relate to their depressive symptoms. Furthermore, we investigated the mediating role of perceived control.Methods:Cross-sectional data from 196 residents (Mage = 83.7 years, SD = 9.4 years) of two German NHs were analyzed. Study variables were assessed by the Geriatric Depression Scale-Residential (GDS-12R), maximal gait speed (BaCo), proxy ratings of residents’ in-home activity participation, and self-initiated social contact done by staff (ExCo). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used and a simulation study was included to determine power and potential estimation bias.Results:At the descriptive level, one quarter of the residents showed symptoms of depression according to the GDS-12R cut-off criterion. Residents’ BaCo and ExCo were independently and equally strongly associated with their depressive symptoms in the SEM analysis. These findings were affected neither by cognitive impairment, sex, nor age. Perceived control mediated between BaCo but not ExCo and depressive symptoms.Conclusion:Future research needs to follow the connection between residents’ everyday competence and their depressive symptoms longitudinally to better understand the underlying mechanisms.

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