Socioeconomic Burden of Rising Methamphetamine-Associated Heart Failure Hospitalizations in California From 2008 to 2018

BACKGROUND: Methamphetamine-associated cardiomyopathy/heart failure (MethHF) is an increasingly recognized disease entity in the context of a rising methamphetamine (meth) epidemic that most severely impacts the western United States. Using heart failure (HF) hospitalization data from the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development, this study aimed to assess trend and disease burden of MethHF in California. METHODS: Adult patients (≥18 years old) with HF as primary hospitalization diagnosis between 2008 and 2018 were included in this study. The association with Meth (MethHF) and those without (non-MethHF) were determined by meth-related International Classification of Diseases -based secondary diagnoses. Statistical significance of trends in age-adjusted rates of hospitalization per 100 000 adults were evaluated using nonparametric analysis. RESULTS: Between 2008 and 2018, 1 033 076 HF hospitalizations were identified: 42 565 were MethHF (4.12%) and 990 511 (95.88%) were non-MethHF. Age-adjusted MethHF hospitalizations per 100 000 increased by 585% from 4.1 in 2008 to 28.1 in 2018, while non-MethHF hospitalizations decreased by 6.0% from 342.3 in 2008 to 321.6 in 2018. The rate of MethHF hospitalization increase more than doubled that of a negative control group with urinary tract infection and meth-related secondary diagnoses (7.82-fold versus 3.48-fold, P <0.001). Annual inflation–adjusted hospitalization charges because of MethHF increased by 840% from $41.5 million in 2008 to $390.2 million in 2018, as compared with an 82% increase for all HF hospitalization from $3.503 billion to $6.376 billion. Patients with MethHF were significantly younger (49.64±10.06 versus 72.20±14.97 years old, P <0.001), predominantly male (79.1% versus 52.4%, P <0.001), with lower Charlson Comorbidity Index, yet they had longer length of stay, more hospitalizations per patient, and more procedures performed during their stays. CONCLUSIONS: MethHF hospitalizations increased sharply during the study period and contributed significantly to the HF hospitalization burden in California. This emerging HF phenotype, which engenders considerable financial and societal costs, calls for an urgent and concerted public health response to contain its spread.

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BIOCHEMICAL AND HAEMATOLOGICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH TRANSPLACENTAL CONGENITAL MALARIA IN KOGI STATE, NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA

10.1101/2021.07.29.21261315 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shedrack Egbunu Akor ◽

Dickson Achimugu Musa ◽

Akogu SPO

Keyword(s):

Cord Blood ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Blood Biochemical ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Haematological Changes ◽

Haematological Indices ◽

Congenital Malaria

Background: Transplacental congenital malaria is a vertical transplacental transmission of malaria parasites from the mother to the baby in utero or perinatally during labor. Cord blood that conveyed oxygen and nutrients from mother to fetus and return with carbon dioxide and other waste materials can transmit malaria pathogen. This study is aim to establish early diagnosis of transplacental congenital malaria using cord blood biochemical and haematological indices. Cord blood from 164 babies delivered at three hospitals in Kogi State between January and December, 2020 were microscopically investigated for malaria parasite. Biochemical and Haematological analyses were done using SYSMEX XP 300, Roche 9180 and VIS Spectrophotometer model 721. The data obtained were expressed as mean plus or minus standard deviation using SPSS 23. The indicator level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05. The results showed significant (p<0.05) decreased in values of WBC, platelet, sodium, potassium, urea, creatinine, RBC, PCV, haemoglobin and MCHC in malaria infected cord blood in comparison to malaria negative control group. Significant (P<0.05) increased activities of liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP), total protein, bicarbonate and chloride in malaria infected cord blood when compared with malaria negative group. However, no statistically significant difference in lymphocyte, MCV, MCH, neutrophil and mixed of both malaria infected and malaria negative cord blood. This study suggests that cord blood biochemical and haematological indices can be used to diagnose and manage transplacental congenital malaria in fetus and neonates. Keywords: Transplacental, Biochemical, Haematological and Congenital Malaria.

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ISONIAZID (INH)

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/18.4635 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (10) ◽

pp. 1587-1595

Author(s):

Umer Aleem ◽

Rahman Shah ◽

Noor Khan ◽

M. Suliman

Keyword(s):

Serum Bilirubin ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Protective Role ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Group 2

Objectives: Hepatotoxicity is the most complicated side effect of isoniazid (inh)in the patient treated for tuberculosis. In causes 8–30% hepatotoxicity in the developing world.Metabolism of INH produces a metabolite, called acetyl isoniazid. In this study hepatoprotectiveeffect of honey, in isoniazid induced animal model was assessed. Study Design: Randomizedcontrol trial. Setting: Saidu Medical College, Saidu Sharif Swat, KP. Period: October ToDecember 2017. Material and Methods: 40 healthy male rabbits were assigned randomly tothe group i, ii, iii and iv by using lottery method. Ten animals were grouped each row. Theisoniazid-induced hepatotoxic model was created by giving 50 mg inh/kg orally on daily basisfor eleven days. Group i was taken as negative control group ii as a positive control. Group iii andiv were experimental groups treated with 50 mg /kg/day and 100 mg /kg/day buckwheat honeyrespectively for eleven days. SPSS Version 16 software was used, mean, s.d. were determinedin all the groups. Values of serum bilirubin, sgpt, and alkaline phosphatase were comparedwith each other using pairt-test. Results: SGPT, Serum bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatasewere obtained in all the animals. Comparing group 1 negative control with group 2, 3 and 4shows statistical significance, (p=0.00). Comparing group 2 positive control with 3 and 4 showsstatistical significance, (p=0.00). Further comparing group 3 with group 4 also shows statisticalsignificance (p=0.00). Conclusion: From the above finding, it has been revealed that honeyhas got a protective effect in regressing hepatitis that has been induced in rabbit’s model byhigh doses of isoniazid. Related studies performed in which different chemicals and drugs havebeen tried for their protective role in isoniazid induced hepatitis also shows a similar type ofresults.

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The evaluation of miR-874 antagomiR and miR-146a toxicity in cardiomyocytes

10.1101/2020.04.16.044925 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Linlin Guo ◽

Yue Zhang ◽

Zhiwei Chen ◽

Wenjing Dou ◽

Jiamei Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Therapeutic Effect ◽

Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽

Mrna Level ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Potential Effect ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

H9c2 Cells

AbstractMore and more studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in the treatment of heart failure. Studies have shown that miR-874 (miR-874) inhibitors can reduce H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte necrosis and may have a therapeutic effect on heart failure in terms of cardiomyocyte necrosis. Therefore, the purpose of this experiment is to study the other effects of miR-874 and miR-146a on the key pathways in cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts. In this study, the roles of miR-874 antagomiR and miR-146a in cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts were analyzed. we investigated the level of miR-874 expression in H9C2 cardiomyocytes after miR-874 antagomiR transfection and found that the miR-874 expression in the H9C2 cells transfected with miR-874 antagomiR group was significantly lower than that in the control group. The results showed that miR-874 was successfully knocked down by the transfection of miR-874 antagomiR. Our results demonstrated that miR-874 inhibition has no effect on the activity of Caspase-3/7 in cardiomyocytes. miR-874 antagomiR has no effect on the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts, whereas it can inhibit the activity of caspase-8 in cardiac fibroblasts. In addition, the potential effect of miR-874 antagomiR on cardiac remodeling associated genes were examined. miR-874 antagomiR had no effect on SERCA2a mRNA level in H9C2 cells. In addition, miR-874 antagomiR were able to down-regulate the mRNA level of MMP9 and had no effect on MMP2 mRNA levels in H9C2 cells. Finally, The concentration of Ca2+ was measured using Fluo-4 NW Calcium Assay Kits following transfection of miRNAs or negative control in primary cardiomyocytes. miR-874 antagomiR was found to have no effect on Ca2+ concentration in cardiomyocytes. the concentration of Ca2+ in the cardiomyocytes transfected with miR-146a mimics was significantly lower than the mimic negative control group. In summary, miR-874 antagomiR and miR-146a may have a therapeutic effect on heart failure, but may also have side effects on heart failure treatment. Therefore, miR-874 antagomiR should be further studied to provide a basis for the development of drugs for heart failure.

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Effect of Atractylodes macrocephala extract on chronic heart failure in rats

Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.4314/tjpr.v18i10.11 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 2075-2079

Author(s):

Huang Kang ◽

Lu Shi-juan ◽

Zhong Jiang-hua ◽

Wu Miao ◽

Zhang Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Congestive Heart Failure ◽

Diastolic Pressure ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Heart Weight ◽

Control Group ◽

Chronic Congestive Heart Failure ◽

Whole Heart

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Atractylodes macrocephala extract (AME) on oxidative stress and hemodynamics in chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) rats. Methods: After Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were successfully establised into CHF, they were randomly divided into normal control group, negative control group, captopril group, as well as 1.4, 2.8 and 5.6 g/kg of AME groups, and treated with drugs for 4 weeks. Hemodynamic function, whole heart weight index, blood creatinine kinase (CK), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were measured. Results: Compared with the normal control group, arterial systolic pressure (SBP)(83.12 ± 16.21 mmHg), diastolic pressure (DBP, (75.16 ± 20.18 mmHg), mean arterial pressure (MAP 76.32 ± 13.43 mmHg), heart rate (HR 353.25 ± 36.34 beats/min), left ventricular systolic peak (LVSP 101.24 ± 16.13 mmHg), and left ventricular pressure change rate (dp/dt max) significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP (22.13 ± 1.57 mmHg), whole heart weight index (2.74 ± 0.16 mg/g), blood CK (0.93 ± 0.14 U/mL), MDA (19.13 ± 2.26 nmol/mL), NO (34.21 ± 3.16 umol/L), and NOS (42.13 ± 3.24 U/mL) increased significantly increased in the negative control group (p < 0.05). High dose AME significantly improved hemodynamic function, lowered MDA (8.75 ± 2.09 nmol/mL) and NO (22.14 ± 3.27 umol/L) levels (p < 0.05), and also decreased CK (0.57 ± 0.31 U/mL) and NOS (24.24 ± 3.38 U/mL) in CHF rats (p < 0.05). Conclusion: AME significantly improve adriamycin-induced chronic congestive heart failure in rats, which could be used for the therapeutic management of chronic congestive heart failure in future.

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Effect of HylocereusPolyrhizus Rind Extract Toward Interleukin-1β, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression, Endometriosis Implant Area

International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.25258/ijpcr.v9i08.9588 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (08) ◽

Author(s):

YanuarEka P. ◽

Hendy Hendarto ◽

Widjiati .

Keyword(s):

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Mice Model ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor ◽

Fruit Rind

Retrograde menstruation lead to I Kappa B Kinase (IKK) fosforilation in peritoneum macrophage and cause secretion of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin1β then stimulate endometriosis cell to produce Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor which lead to increasing of endometriosis lession seen as endometriosis implant area. Cytokine secretion was inhibited through prevention of NF-κB activation by dragon red fruit rind extract (Hylocereuspolyrhizus). The aim of this reserach is to know the effect of dragon red fuit rind extract with 0,25; 0,5; and 1 mg/g bodyweight dosage toward IL-1β, VEGF expression and implant area in endometriosis mice model. The design of this experiment was randomized post test only control group design.Endometrios mice model were made in 14 days and split into two group, positive control group and treatment group after two week negative control group and postive control group were given Na-CMC 0,5% solution consequetively, and treatment group were given dragon red fruit extract with different dosage. Signification number for IL-1β is p>0,05, signification number for VEGF is p>0,05, and implant area signification number is p>0,05. Administration of dragon red fruit rind extract can decrease IL-1β, VEGF, and implant area.

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The Comparison of Ostecyte in the Pressure area and Tension area on Tooth Movement Because of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

DENTA ◽

10.30649/denta.v12i1.162 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Arya Barahmanta ◽

Muhammad Faizal Winaris ◽

Pambudi Raharjo

Keyword(s):

Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽

Oxygen Therapy ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Bone Remodelling ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Pressure Area

Background: Orthodontic tooth movement is a interaction prosess of resorption and deposition of bone remodeling. Orthodontic tooth movement by mechanical strength causes changes in alveolar bone. Osteocyte is an essential cell to respond bone remodelling. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy affects production of osteocyte because it can release Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Nitrid Oxide (NO). Purpose: To determine the difference number of osteocyte in pressure and tension area during tooth movement by adjuvant of Hyperbaric Oxygen 2,4 ATA during 7 days starting on day 8 to day 14. Materials and Methods: This research used Completery Randomized Control Group Post Test Only Design. 36 cavia cobaya (male) were divided into 3 groups randomly : the negative control groups, positive control group, and treatment group. Preparat staining used Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) and calculated on microscop 1000x with 20 field of view. Data analyses used one way ANOVA and LSD test then compared each area by using paired T test. Result: The data showed that the treatment group (P=10,67) tension area has the highest number of osteocyte than negative control group (K-=3,67), positive control (K+=7,42). In the pressure area showed that negative control group (K-=5,00) has the highest than positive control group (K+=3,83) and treatment (P=3,25). Conclusion: Therapy HBO 2,4 ATA 7 days starting on day 8 to day 14 is could increase osteocyte in the tissue to stimulate process of bone remodelling.<pre> </pre>Keywords: Hyperbaric Oxygen, Tooth movement, Bone remodeling, Osteocyte Correspondence: Arya Brahmanta, Department of Orthodonty, Faculty of Dentistry, Hang Tuah University, Arif Rahman Hakim 150, Surabaya, Phone 031-5945864, Email: <a href="mailto:[email protected]">arya.brahmanta@hangtuah.ac.id</a>

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Antiurolithiatic effect of Cymbopogon Proximus, Alhagi Maurorum, on Sulfadimidine induced urolithiasis in male New Zealand rabbits

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal ◽

10.35943/mvmj.2019.01.107 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 12-18

Author(s):

Sameh El-Nabtity

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Intramuscular Injection ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Blood And Urine Samples ◽

Group 2 ◽

New Zealand Rabbits ◽

Group 1

The present study aimed to investigate the prophylactic effect of Cymbopogon proximus and Alhagi maurorum on Sulfadimidine induced urolithiasis in rabbits . Thirty New Zealand male rabbits were allocated into six equal groups (each of five): Group (1) was used as a negative control. Group(2) were administered sulfadimidine (200mg/kg) by intramuscular injection.Groups(3) and (4) were administered sulfadimidine(200mg/kg) by intramuscular injection and 330mg/kg of Cymbopogon proximus alcoholic and aqueous extracts respectively orally.Groups(5) and (6) were administered sulfadimidine(200mg/kg) by intramuscular injection and 400mg/kg of Alhagi maurorum alcoholic and aqueous extracts respectively orally. The period of experiment was 10 days. Blood and urine samples were collected from rabbits on the 10th day. The results recorded a significant decrease in serum creatinine, urea, uric acid and crystalluria in Cymbopogon proximus and Alhagi maurorum groups compared to sulfadimidine treated group.We conclude that Cymbopogon proximus and Alhagi maurorum have a nephroprotective and antiurolithiatic effects against sulfadimidine induced crystalluria.

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Evaluation of Salivary Vitamin C and Catalase in HIV Positive and Healthy HIV Negative Control Group

Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871526517666170116142547 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fatemeh Ahmadi-Motamayel ◽

Samaneh Vaziri-Amjad ◽

Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi ◽

Jalal Poorolajal

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Control Group ◽

Hiv Negative

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Efek Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah Mencit Jantan

Jurnal Katalisator ◽

10.22216/jk.v3i1.2178 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Verawaty Verawaty ◽

Dhea Claudia Novel

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Male Mice ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

The Third ◽

Blood Glucose Levels

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol kulit petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit jantan yang diinduksi aloksan. Hewan percobaan dibagi atas 5 kelompok diantaranya kelompok kontrol negatif, kelompok kontrol positif,dosis I (280 mg/kgBB mencit), dosis II (560 mg/kg BB mencit), dosis III (840 mg/kg BB mencit). Penelitian dilakukan selama 21 hari. Persentase penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit jantan setelah diberikan ekstrak etanol kulit petai pada hari ke-21 adalah dosis I (77,52 %) lebih besar dibandingkan dengan dosis II (69,5 %) dan dosis III (73,37 %). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji Two Way Anova dengan program SPSS 17. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol kulit petai untuk tiga variasi dosis menyatakan perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit jantan.Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) has a compound β-sitosterol and stigmasterol that have efficacy to decreased blood glucose levels. This study aimed to determine the effect of ethanol extract of petai peel for decrease blood glucose levels of male mice induced by alloxan. Experimental animals were divided into 5 groups including negative control group, positive control group, the first dose (280 mg/kg in mice), the second dose (560 mg/kg in mice), the third dose (840 mg/kg in mice). The study was conducted for 21 days. After 21 days, the result found that the percentage of blood glucose levels after the male mice given the ethanol extract of petai peel was, the first dose (77.52%) biger than the second dose (69.5%) and the third dose (73.37%). The data obtained were analyzed by Two Way ANOVA using SPSS 17. The results showed that have signicantly difference between three dose variation of ethanol extract of petai peel in blood glucose levels.

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Resistance to Fracture of Dental Roots Obturated with Different Materials

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/591031 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Berkan Celikten ◽

Ceren Feriha Uzuntas ◽

Kamran Gulsahi

Keyword(s):

Fracture Resistance ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Positive Control Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Root Canal Filling ◽

Filling Materials ◽

Group 2

The aim of this study was to compare the vertical fracture resistance of roots obturated with different root canal filling materials and sealers. Crowns of 55 extracted mandibular premolar teeth were removed to provide root lengths of 13 mm. Five roots were saved as negative control group (canals unprepared and unfilled). Fifty root canals were instrumented and then five roots were saved as positive control group (canals prepared but unfilled). The remaining 45 roots were randomly divided into three experimental groups (n=15root/group) and obturated with the following procedures: in group 1, glass ionomer-based sealer and cone (ActiV GP obturation system); in group 2, bioceramic sealer and cone (EndoSequence BC obturation system); and in group 3, roots were filled with bioceramic sealer and cone (Smartpaste bio obturation system). All specimens were tested in a universal testing machine for measuring fracture resistance. For each root, the force at the time of fracture was recorded in Newtons. The statistical analysis was performed by using Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc test. There were no significant differences between the three experimental groups. The fracture values of three experimental and negative control groups were significantly higher than the positive control group. Within the limitations of this study, all materials increased the fracture resistance of instrumented roots.

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