Abstract P215: Decreased Pre-Operative Risks and Increased Post-Operative Mental Functioning as Benefits of Regular Physical Activity for Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori E Stone ◽  
Sari D Holmes ◽  
Lisa M Martin ◽  
Sharon L Hunt ◽  
Niv Ad
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Operative Risk ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Composite Scores

Background: Regular exercise is a known primary and secondary defense against cardiovascular disease. Additionally, the American Heart Association has shown that regular exercisers have a decreased physiological response to stress, exhibit less anxiety and depression, and have better self-esteem. Objective: To examine the pre-operative risk factors and post-operative course of recovery for regular exercisers in cardiac surgery patients. Methods: A review was done of patient generated history forms and medical data for 281 patients that underwent isolated CABG at our institution since 2007. Only 166 patients had complete history forms: 98 patients were determined to be regular exercisers prior to CABG surgery, compared to 68 non-exercisers. A subset of patients (64 exercisers and 44 non-exercisers) also completed the SF-12 to measure health related quality of life (HRQL) at baseline and 12 months post-operatively. Results: Analyses found that the regular exercisers presented with better pre-operative risk factors than the sedentary patients, including lower BMI (t=2.6, p<0.02), lower STS morbidity/mortality risk score (t=3.3, p<0.003), lower logEuroScore (t=1.9, p=0.058), and fewer patients with diabetes (OR=0.47, p<0.04). The regular exercise group was also less likely to report depression (6% vs. 16%; Chi-square = 4.2, p<0.04) and presented with a higher physical composite HRQL at baseline than the non-exercisers (t=-3.6, p<0.001). Post-operative HRQL scores indicated that while both groups increased significantly from baseline to 12 months on physical composite scores, only the regular exercisers significantly improved on the mental composite scores (t=2.2, p<0.04). Conclusion: The importance and overall cost-benefit of regular physical activity can not be overemphasized. Regular exercisers have been shown to be at reduced risk for an adverse cardiac event. For those that must undergo cardiac surgery, the physically active present with reduced pre-operative risk and superior physical HRQL. Regular exercisers also experience greater post-operative improvements in mental HRQL as compared to their sedentary peers.

scholarly journals The Benefits of Physical Activity in Individuals with Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Longitudinal Investigation Using fNIRS and Dual-Task Walking

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 579
Author(s):  
Deborah Talamonti ◽  
Thomas Vincent ◽  
Sarah Fraser ◽  
Anil Nigam ◽  
Frédéric Lesage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Cortical Response

Cardiovascular fitness is linked to better executive functions, preserved gait speed, and efficient cortical activity. Older adults with cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) typically show poor cognitive performance, low physical fitness, and altered brain functioning compared with healthy individuals. In the current study, the impact of regular physical activity on cognition, locomotion, and brain functions was explored in a cohort of older adults with low or high CVRFs. Cortical activation of the frontal areas was investigated using functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) at baseline, at 6 months and at 12 months. Evoked cortical response and behavioral performance were assessed using the dual-task walking paradigm, consisting of three conditions: single cognitive task (2-back task), single walking task (walking), and dual-task (2-back whilst walking). Results show greater task-related cortical response at baseline in individuals with high CVRFs compared to those with low CVRFs. Moreover, participants with high CVRFs benefitted the most from participating in regular physical activity, as their cortical response decreased at the 12-month follow-up and became comparable to that of participants with low CVRFs. These changes were observed in conjunction with improved cognitive performance and stable gait speed throughout the 12-month period in both groups. Our findings provide evidence that participation in regular physical activity may be especially beneficial in individuals with CVRFs by promoting brain and cognitive health, thus potentially contributing to prevention of cognitive decline. Future research may explore whether such effects are maintained in the long-term in order to design ad-hoc interventions in this specific population.

scholarly journals P224 Regular physical activity on IBD patients: impact on IBD natural history and related comorbidities

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S276-S277
Author(s):  
M T Arias-Loste ◽  
L Salcines ◽  
J C Rodriguez-Duque ◽  
M J García García ◽  
P Iruzubieta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Abstract Background Regular physical activity (PA) has a potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect that is mainly exerted on adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and the immune and cardiovascular systems. Thus, PA is known to be beneficial in different pro-inflammatory conditions. Nevertheless, data on the role of PA in IBD patients is scarce. The aim of our study is to analyse the association of PA with clinical outcomes in IBD patients. Methods Cross-sectional prospective study including all consecutive IBD patients attended at a university hospital was performed. Data on physical activity was recorded through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Metabolic Equivalent Task (MET) hours per week were calculated according to the combination of walking, moderate-intensity or vigorous intensity activity, and patients were categorized into low, moderate or high PA according to a previously validated method. Data on IBD phenotype, activity indexes, natural history, current and past treatments, together with liver evaluation, and history of cardiovascular risk factors were also collected. Results 831 patients were included in the study. Study flow chart is depicted in figure and clinical characteristics in table 1. IBD patients with a low or moderate PA showed a tendency to a higher proportion of IBD-related complications and higher scores in disease activity indexes than those with high PA. PA was strongly associated to the metabolic profile. Patients with a low/moderate PA were more frequently obese, hypertense, diabetic and had dyslipidaemia. Regarding liver disease, PA was significantly associated to the presence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but not with advanced liver fibrosis. Conclusion Insufficient PA can negatively impact clinical outcomes in IBD patients, probably not because of a direct effect on IBD-pathogenesis, but due to its strong association with cardiovascular risk factors and NAFLD.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Depression and its Associated Factors among Medical Students in International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Hadi Said ◽  
Muhammad Addin Nur Hakim Azmi ◽  
Haziqah Mohd Hanapiah ◽  
Anis Wardati Abdullah ◽  
Mohd Shaiful Ehsan Shalihin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

Introduction: Globally, depression is one of the serious problems reported among medical students. Various studies reported that the prevalence of depression among medical students was high due to multiple risk factors. Therefore, this study aimed to measure the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among medical students in International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 medical students in IIUM Kuantan. A validated self-reported questionnaire using Depression Anxiety Stress Score 21 was distributed during the second semester of the 2018/2019 session. Descriptive statistics were used to measure the prevalence of depression. Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, independent sample T-test, and multiple logistic regression were used to determine the association between risk factors and depression. Result: The prevalence of depression was 39% with 10.5% of them were having severe and extremely severe level of depression. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed regular physical activity (AOR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.42-0.98) and Tahajjud prayer practice (AOR: 0.76, 95% CI 0.66-0.88) are two protective factors against depression among medical students. Conclusion: About two out of every five IIUM medical students had depression. Regular physical activity and Tahajjud prayer practised may reduce the risk of depression and should be encouraged.

scholarly journals Physical activity and cardiovascular disease risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Amie Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Supervised Exercise

Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex, heterogeneous endocrinopathy affecting metabolic, reproductive, and cardiovascular health in women. Evidence indicates that women with PCOS present with a cluster of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Physical activity (PA) interventions have been shown to reduce various CVD risk factors in women with PCOS. Research also suggests that sedentary behaviours have a distinct deleterious effect on cardiometabolic health. Thus, increasing PA and reducing sedentary behaviour may be a worthwhile therapeutic target to improve cardiovascular health in women with PCOS. The programme of research presented in this thesis investigates the feasibility and acceptability of two PA interventions to improve markers of CVD risk in women with PCOS using both quantitative and qualitive methods. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of exercise interventions on CVD risk factors in women with PCOS provided an evidence base on which to design a supervised exercise intervention. A feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) of two physical activity interventions for women with PCOS was conducted. Participants were randomised to either a supervised exercise intervention, a lifestyle physical activity intervention (LPAG) aimed at reducing sedentary behaviours, or a control group, for 12 weeks. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of participants from each group on completion of the RCT to explore the acceptability of the interventions, and barriers and facilitators to PA. Results The systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that moderate intensity aerobic exercise interventions of ≥three months in duration, with a frequency of three sessions/week, had favourable effects on CVD risk factors. These results informed the design of the RCT. Thirty-six women with PCOS were enrolled onto the feasibility RCT (12 per group). The recruitment rate was 56% and adherence rate to the exercise intervention was considered moderate at 53%. The retention rate was high at 89%, with only five participants lost to follow-up. Adherence to the LPAG was 100%. Two non-serious adverse events were reported in the exercise group, unrelated to trial procedures. For the secondary outcomes, trend data indicates a 14% reduction in oxidised LDL concentrations in the exercise group. In addition, the data indicates weight loss (kg) of 3.4% and 3.6% in the exercise group and the LPAG, respectively. Qualitative data from the interviews (n=11) indicated that the interventions were well received, but acceptability could be improved by providing social connectivity and implementing measures that encourage the adoption of long-term health-promoting behaviours. Conclusions iii The findings suggest that the procedures for recruitment, allocation, and outcome measurements were acceptable. However, adherence to the supervised exercise intervention was below an acceptable rate. The qualitative component provides valuable contextual data that will be crucial to addressing adherence for both the progression to a full-scale RCT, and community interventions for women with PCOS.

Abstract MP56: Social Role Stress, Reward and the American Heart Association Life’s Simple 7 in Midlife Women: The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Stewart ◽  
Emma Barinas-Mitchell ◽  
Karen A Matthews ◽  
Jared W Magnani ◽  
Samar El Khoudary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
American Heart ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Role Stress ◽  
Midlife Women ◽  
Related Stress

Introduction: American women can occupy multiple social roles, such as employee, caregiver, mother and spouse during midlife. These roles can be both stressful and rewarding, which may influence adherence to heart-healthy behaviors and risk factors. The aim of this study was to test the association of social role stress and reward with achievement of the American Heart Association Life’s Simple 7 risk factors in a cohort of midlife women in the United States. Methods: The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN) is an longitudinal cohort study initiated in in 1996-1997 of women aged 42-52 who were premenopausal. At the fifth annual follow-up visit women first were asked if they occupied four social roles (employee, caregiver, spouse, mother), and then were asked to rate how stressful and how rewarding each occupied role was, using five point scales. Average role-related stress and reward were calculated for each woman (range 1-5). Ideal cardiovascular risk factors were assessed at the same follow-up visit using anthropometric measurement (body mass index, blood pressure), blood draw (glucose, cholesterol), and validated questionnaires (physical activity, diet and smoking). Multivariate linear regression was used for cross-sectional analyses of the number of ideal factors, using average role stress and reward as exposures. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to estimate odds of achieving the ideal level of each individual risk factor. Models were adjusted for age, race, site, education and menopause status. Results: At the fifth SWAN follow-up visit, 1,777 women had data on all seven risk factors, and reported occupying at least one social role. The mean (standard deviation) of the number of ideal factors was 3.2 (1.3). Only 5% of the sample had five or more ideal factors. Women who reported greater role-related stress achieved fewer ideal factors, and a higher reward score was related to more ideal factors. A one unit higher role stress score was associated with 18% lower odds of having a healthy diet, and 18% reduced odds of having a BMI under 30. Women with a one unit higher role reward score had 56% greater odds of ideal physical activity, and 34% greater odds of being a non-smoker. Higher job stress was associated with 13% reduced odds of having a healthy blood pressure. There was no evidence of an interaction between stress and reward. Adjusting for depression and social support attenuated, but did not eliminate the significant relationships between role stress and reward and cardiovascular risk. Conclusion: Midlife women experience stress from multiple social roles while simultaneously deriving reward from these roles, which may be beneficial for their cardiovascular disease risk factors. Understanding the influence and determinants of role stress and reward may be important when designing interventions to improve diet, physical activity and smoking behaviors in midlife women.

Injuries in sports activities in older people

2017 ◽  
pp. 591-598
Author(s):  
Tomasz Kostka ◽  
Joanna Kostka
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older People ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
Sports Activities

Regular physical activity in old age is widely recommended as an effective way to prevent chronic diseases and maintain well-being. Nevertheless, sports participation carries the risk of injury. In elderly people, the risk of injury is greater due to age-related pathophysiological changes and concomitant chronic conditions. Available data indicate an increasing number of injuries among older people, which is associated with there being more older people and an increasing number of these people are participating in sports and physical exercise. An appropriate identification of risk factors for injury and education of older people can reduce the incidence of injuries. Methods of preventing injuries include protective equipment such as helmets, warming up, and properly designed training programmes. Health benefits of participation in regular physical activity adjusted to health status and physical functioning outweigh hazards of sport-related injuries, even in advanced age.

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