Uric Acid Associates With Executive Function in Children and Adolescents With Hypertension

Observational studies show that serum uric acid levels associate with cardiometabolic risk factors and subclinical target organ damage. The aim of the present study is to investigate the association of traditional cardiometabolic risk factors and uric acid with the executive performance in children and adolescents. Ninety-nine children and adolescents aged 5 to 18 years referred for assessment of primary hypertension were included. Traditional cardiometabolic risk factors, uric acid, and ambulatory blood pressure parameters were assessed. Executive performance was assessed by the validated Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function parent questionnaire. Serum uric acid correlated with cardiometabolic parameters, daytime and nighttime systolic blood pressure. High uric acid levels and ambulatory hypertension were associated with behavior regulation independently of other cardiometabolic risk factors or presence of metabolic syndrome. Participants with combined hypertension and high uric acid levels presented the lowest behavior regulation performance. Children with high uric acid had worse behavior regulation indices T scores with estimated marginal means 56.47 (95% CI, 51.68–61.27) compared with 49.22 (95% CI, 45.91–52.53) in those with low uric acid levels ( P =0.023, adjusted for age, sex, nighttime systolic blood pressure, daytime and nighttime heart rate). Mediation analysis showed that part of the effect of high uric acid levels on behavior regulation was mediated by nighttime systolic blood pressure. In conclusion, we found a positive association of serum uric acid with worse executive performance in children at risk for primary hypertension. Extending these cross-sectional findings with longitudinal studies may determine whether high uric acid levels increases the risk of cognitive decline in youth.

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High uric acid levels in overweight and obese children and their relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors: what is missing in this puzzle?

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2021-0211 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Fernanda Thomazini ◽

Beatriz Silva de Carvalho ◽

Priscila Xavier de Araujo ◽

Maria do Carmo Franco

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Obese Children ◽

High Uric Acid

Abstract Objectives The prevalence of hyperuricemia, a common disorder, has been increasing. Moreover, the association between obesity, serum uric acid levels, and cardiometabolic markers in children is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the inter-relationships between these factors in a sample of children aged 6–12 years. Methods We evaluated 764 children and stratified them according to their body mass index (BMI). Blood pressure and uric acid, creatinine, lipid, and glycemic profiles were evaluated, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index were calculated. Results There was a significant linear trend of increasing systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), uric acid, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR index values corresponding with overweight and obese groups; however, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) levels decreased with increasing obesity. The mean creatinine level and eGFR were similar across all BMI groups. Uric acid levels were significantly correlated with BMI (r=0.527), waist circumference (r=0.580), SBP (r=0.497), DBP (r=0.362), TG (r=0.534), total cholesterol (r=0.416), LDLc (r=0.286), HDLc (r=−0.248), insulin (r=0.613), and HOMA-IR index (r=0.607). Multiple regression analyses showed that BMI (B=0.071; SE=0.012; p<0.001), TG (B=0.004; SE=0.001; p<0.001), LDLc (B=0.003; SE=0.001; p=0.006), and insulin (B=0.066; SE=0.007; p<0.001) (R2=0.460) were significant predictors of increased uric acid levels and explained 46% of the variability in uric acid in these children. Conclusions Our findings suggest that overweight or obese children are more likely to have higher uric acid levels. Moreover, several cardiometabolic risk factors were strongly associated with high uric acid levels.

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Increased monocyte to HDL cholesterol ratio in vitamin B12 deficiency: is it related to cardiometabolic risk?

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000668 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Sanem Kayhan ◽

Nazli Gulsoy Kirnap ◽

Mercan Tastemur

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Vitamin B12 ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

B12 Deficiency ◽

Deficiency Group

Abstract. Vitamin B12 deficiency may have indirect cardiovascular effects in addition to hematological and neuropsychiatric symptoms. It was shown that the monocyte count-to-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (MHR) is a novel cardiovascular marker. In this study, the aim was to evaluate whether MHR was high in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency and its relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors. The study included 128 patients diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency and 93 healthy controls. Patients with vitamin B12 deficiency had significantly higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), MHR, C-reactive protein (CRP) and uric acid levels compared with the controls (median 139 vs 115 mmHg, p < 0.001; 80 vs 70 mmHg, p < 0.001; 14.2 vs 9.5, p < 0.001; 10.2 vs 4 mg/dl p < 0.001; 6.68 vs 4.8 mg/dl, p < 0.001 respectively). The prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy was higher in vitamin B12 deficiency group (43.8%) than the control group (8.6%) (p < 0.001). In vitamin B12 deficiency group, a positive correlation was detected between MHR and SBP, CRP and uric acid (p < 0.001 r:0.34, p < 0.001 r:0.30, p < 0.001 r:0.5, respectively) and a significant negative correlation was detected between MHR and T-CHOL, LDL, HDL and B12 (p < 0.001 r: −0.39, p < 0.001 r: −0.34, p < 0.001 r: −0.57, p < 0.04 r: −0.17, respectively). MHR was high in vitamin B12 deficiency group, and correlated with the cardiometabolic risk factors in this group, which were SBP, CRP, uric acid and HDL. In conclusion, MRH, which can be easily calculated in clinical practice, can be a useful marker to assess cardiovascular risk in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency.

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The Relationship Between Serum Uric Acid and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Iranian Children and Adolescents

Journal of Pediatrics Review ◽

10.32598/jpr.9.2.950.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 167-174

Author(s):

Motahar Heidari-Beni ◽

◽

Roya Riahi ◽

Fatemeh Mohebpour ◽

Majid Khademian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Serum Uric Acid ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Population Based ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Potential Association ◽

Iranian Children

Context: There has been an increasing interest in epidemiological and clinical studies concerning the role of uric acid in cardiometabolic diseases, especially in children and adolescents. However, these potential relationships remain undiscovered; accordingly, its pathophysiological mechanisms remain unrecognized. This study aimed to assess the potential association between Serum Uric Acid (SUA) levels and cardiometabolic risk factors in a population-based sample of Iranian children and adolescents. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the potential association between Serum Uric Acid (SUA) levels and cardiometabolic risk factors in a population-based sample of Iranian children and adolescents. Methods: The data of 595 individuals aged 7-18 years were assessed in this research. Anthropometric measurements and laboratory tests were performed according to standardized protocols. Results: The Mean±SD age of the 595 explored students was 12.39±3.07 years. The overall Mean±SD SUA level of the study participants was measured as 4.22±1.13 mg/dL, with significant gender-wise differences (4.04±0.97 mg/dL vs 4.38±1.24 mg/dL, respectively; P<0.05). The prevalence of hyperuricemia based on the 90th percentile of SUA levels was equal to 10.6%. There was a positive association between SUA levels and abdominal obesity (waist circumference: ≥90th percentile) [Odds Ratio (OR): 1.54; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.26 to 1.86] and general obesity [gender-specific Body Mass Index (BMI) for >95th percentile] (OR: 2.32; 95% CI: 1.74 to 3.11). Conclusions: This study suggested BMI and waist circumference as cardiometabolic risk factors, i.e. significantly associated with SUA levels in children and adolescents.

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URIC ACID IS ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK FACTORS IN OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1097/01.hjh.0000539010.68533.78 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. e18

Author(s):

J. Alvarez ◽

P. Redon ◽

M. Torro ◽

F. Aguilar ◽

J. Redon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Obese Children

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Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Overweight and Obesity Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182211905 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (22) ◽

pp. 11905

Author(s):

Meng Cao ◽

Yucheng Tang ◽

Shu Li ◽

Yu Zou

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Interval Training ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Continuous Training ◽

High Intensity Interval

Background: The purpose of this review was to compare the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on cardiometabolic risk factors of obese children and adolescents. Methods: Relevant studies published in PubMed, MEDLINE and Web of Science databases were searched. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the effect of HIIT and MICT on children and adolescents with obesity were included. Meta-analyses were conducted to determine the effect of HIIT on cardiometabolic risk factors using STATA software and potential moderators were explored (i.e., study duration, training modalities, work/rest ratio and work duration time). Results: Twelve RCTs involving 325 participants were included in the meta-analysis. HIIT showed more positive effects on maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max; SMD = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.39 to 1.35, p = 0.000) and systolic blood pressure (SBP; SMD = −0.64, 95% CI: −1.05 to −0.22, p = 0.003) than MICT. However, when compared with MICT, HIIT caused no significant differences in body weight, body mass index, body fat percentage, diastolic blood pressure and glycolipid metabolism markers. Furthermore, subgroup analysis showed that the effects of HIIT on VO2max and SBP were significantly different regarding protocol factors, such as modality, duration, training time, training settings, work/rest ratio and work duration. Conclusions: HIIT has a positive role in promoting cardiometabolic risk factors in obese children and adolescents. Moreover, when compared with MICT, HIIT had a more significant effect on improving cardiorespiratory fitness and systolic blood pressure. The factors of HIIT protocol had an important influence on the intervention effects of childhood obesity.

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TyG Index Distributions and Relationship to Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents: A Population-Based Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-721138/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jong Seo Yoon ◽

Young Suk Shim ◽

Hae Sang Lee ◽

Il Tae Hwang ◽

Jin Soon Hwang

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Standard Deviation Score ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Tyg Index

Abstract The purpose of this study was to present age- and sex-specific distributions of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and to evaluate their relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. A total of 7,404 participants aged 10–18 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey were included as the reference population. The TyG index was calculated as ln(fasting triglyceride [mg/dL] × fasting glucose [mg/dL]/2). The percentile of the TyG index exhibited a steady linear relationship with age for both sexes. TyG index significantly correlated with waist circumference (WC) standard deviation score (SDS; r = 0.110, p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP; r = 0.104, p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP; r = 0.083, p < 0.001), glucose (r = 0.220, p < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; r=-0.325, p < 0.001), and triglycerides (TG; r = 0.926, p < 0.001). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that the TyG index was significantly associated with WC SDS (β = 0.116, p < 0.001), SBP (β = 2.009, p < 0.001), DBP (β = 1.464, p < 0.001), glucose (β = 3.376, p < 0.001), HDL-C (β=−6.431, p < 0.001), and TG (β = 85.518, p < 0.001). Our results suggest that the TyG index has a steady linear distribution for sex and age in children and adolescents and constitutes an indicator for predicting metabolic disorders that could lead to cardiovascular disease later in life.

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A population-based study of TyG index distribution and its relationship to cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-03138-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jong Seo Yoon ◽

Young Suk Shim ◽

Hae Sang Lee ◽

Il Tae Hwang ◽

Jin Soon Hwang

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Standard Deviation Score ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Linear Distribution ◽

Tyg Index

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to present age- and sex-specific distributions of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and to evaluate their relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. A total of 7404 participants aged 10–18 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey were included as the reference population. The TyG index was calculated as ln(fasting triglyceride [mg/dL] × fasting glucose [mg/dL]/2). The percentile of the TyG index exhibited a steady linear relationship with age for both sexes. TyG index significantly correlated with waist circumference (WC) standard deviation score (SDS; r = 0.110, p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP; r = 0.104, p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP; r = 0.083, p < 0.001), glucose (r = 0.220, p < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; r = − 0.325, p < 0.001), and triglycerides (TG; r = 0.926, p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the TyG index was significantly associated with WC SDS (β = 0.116, p < 0.001), SBP (β = 2.009, p < 0.001), DBP (β = 1.464, p < 0.001), glucose (β = 3.376, p < 0.001), HDL-C (β = − 6.431, p < 0.001), and TG (β = 85.518, p < 0.001). Our results suggest that the TyG index has a steady linear distribution for sex and age in children and adolescents and constitutes an indicator for predicting metabolic disorders that could lead to cardiovascular disease later in life.

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Association of Breakfast Quality and Energy Density with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Overweight/Obese Children: Role of Physical Activity

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10081066 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1066 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lide Arenaza ◽

Victoria Muñoz-Hernández ◽

María Medrano ◽

Maddi Oses ◽

Maria Amasene ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Energy Density ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Glutamyl Transferase

There is a general belief that having breakfast is an important healthy lifestyle factor; however, there is scarce evidence on the influence of breakfast quality and energy density on cardiometabolic risk in children, as well as on the role of physical activity in this association. The aims of this paper were (i) to examine the associations of breakfast quality and energy density from both solids and beverages with cardiometabolic risk factors, and (ii) to explore whether physical activity levels may attenuate these relationships in children with overweight/obesity from two projects carried out in the north and south of Spain. Breakfast consumption, breakfast quality index (BQI) score, BEDs/BEDb (24 h-recalls and the KIDMED questionnaire), and physical activity (PA; accelerometry) were assessed, in 203 children aged 8–12 years who were overweight or obese. We measured body composition (Dual X-ray Absorptiometry), uric acid, blood pressure, lipid profile, gamma-glutamyl-transferase (GGT), glucose, and insulin, and calculated the HOMA and metabolic syndrome z-score. The BQI score was inversely associated with serum uric acid independently of a set of relevant confounders (β = −0.172, p = 0.028), but the relationship was attenuated after further controlling for total PA (p < 0.07). BEDs was positively associated with total and HDL cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure regardless of confounders (all p < 0.05), while BEDb was positively associated with HOMA in either active/inactive children (all p < 0.03). In conclusion, higher breakfast quality and lower breakfast energy density should be promoted in overweight/obesity children to improve their cardiometabolic health.

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Abstract P127: Ayurveda Improves Arterial Stiffness and Cardiometabolic Risk in Coronary Patients: A Prospective Pilot Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.129.suppl_1.p127 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Robert DuBroff ◽

Vasant Lad ◽

Cristina Murray-Krezan

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Medicinal Herbs ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Yoga Meditation

Introduction: Ayurveda is the ancient East Indian holistic approach to health that includes yoga, meditation, breathing exercises, medicinal herbs, and other practices. Although it has been practiced for nearly 5000 years there is little objective data regarding its efficacy in coronary disease. Hypothesis: Can the addition of Ayurveda to usual care improve markers and risk factors of cardiovascular disease? Methods: Twenty-six volunteers with a history of prior myocardial infarction, coronary bypass surgery, or coronary angioplasty/stent were recruited from the University of New Mexico cardiology clinics. Each patient underwent consultation with a single Ayurvedic specialist and received personalized instruction in daily yoga, meditation, breathing, medicinal herbs, and a caloric unrestricted Ayurvedic diet. Standardized measurements of arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity) and cardiometabolic risk factors were obtained at baseline and after 90 days of therapy. Results: Nineteen patients, mean age 71.6 years, completed the study, six dropped out and one was lost to follow up. Among hypertensive patients (n=15), 60% (9 of 15) had either a >10 mm Hg drop in systolic blood pressure (n=4) or required a reduction in anti-hypertensive medications due to persistent systolic blood pressure < 110 mm Hg (n=5). Statistical analysis was performed using the paired student’s t test. Conclusion: This pilot study suggests that short term Ayurvedic therapy improves arterial stiffness and many cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with coronary artery disease. These findings support the need for a randomized controlled trial to further study the effects of Ayurveda on cardiovascular disease.

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Fruit Intake and Changes of Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in People with Obesity

Korean Journal of Family Medicine ◽

10.4082/kjfm.20.0205 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (5) ◽

pp. 382-389

Author(s):

Shiao Shih Liu ◽

Ju Young Kim ◽

Jung Ha Park ◽

Sohye Kim ◽

Kiheon Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Abdominal Circumference ◽

Fruit Intake ◽

Lower Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Beneficial Effects

Background: This study aimed to explore the relationship between fruit intake, changes in fruit intake, and changes in cardiometabolic factors in people with obesity. Methods: A total of 21,270 subjects (8,718 men, 12,552 women) aged 40 years and over, from the Korean-based Genome and Epidemiology Study, were followed up for an average of 4.4 years. Fruit intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire at baseline and the second follow-up. The beta coefficient and confidence intervals for changes in cardiometabolic risk factors according to fruit consumption were calculated using a linear regression model. Results: In men, the abdominal circumference decreased with changes in fruit intake (P=0.029). Fruit intake and increased fruit intake in men were associated with a lower systolic blood pressure (P=0.012 and P=0.02, respectively) and lower triglyceride levels (P=0.002 and P<0.001, respectively). In women, abdominal circumference decreased with both fruit intake and increased fruit intake (P<0.001 and P=0.013, respectively). Systolic blood pressure and triglycerides tended to decrease only with fruit intake (P=0.048 and P<0.001, respectively). Unlike in men, fasting blood glucose tended to decrease in women with both fruit intake and increased fruit intake (P=0.011 and P=0.005, respectively). Conclusion: Fruit intake and increased fruit intake may have beneficial effects on cardiometabolic risk factors among individuals who are obese.

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