scholarly journals Associations of Carbohydrate Intake With New-Onset Hypertension Subtypes: Results From the China Health and Nutrition Survey (2000–2011)

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Fen Qi ◽  
Ya-Jing Cao ◽  
Hui-Jun Wang ◽  
Bing Zhang ◽  
Jing Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Diastolic Hypertension ◽  
New Onset

Background: The effects of carbohydrate intake on hypertension (HTN) subtypes are scarce. We examined the association of carbohydrate intake with new-onset HTN subtypes in Chinese adults.Methods: Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) 2000–2011, 22,418 individuals were recorded using a 24-h recall method over three consecutive days. We excluded those who were pregnant women, lactating mothers, age <18 years, baseline age, blood pressure, and energy intake deficiency, extreme energy intake (male > 6,000 kcal or < 800 kcal; female > 4,000 kcal or < 600 kcal), and pulse pressure difference (Systolic Blood Pressure [SBP] - Diastolic Blood Pressure [DBP]) <10 mm Hg, HTN at baseline and data from only one survey. The total number of subjects who participated in at least two surveys was 7,930. The main outcome was new-onset HTN subtypes over 6.9 person years of follow-up.Results: 2,521 participants were found to be HTN, which included 1,318 males (52.3%), 1,203 females (47.7%), 721 had systolic-diastolic hypertension (SDH, 28.6%), 655 had isolated systolic hypertension (ISH, 26.0%), and 993 had isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH, 39.4%). Compared with extreme quintiles of carbohydrate, multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for new-onset HTN, SDH, ISH and IDH associated with carbohydrate intake were 1.12 (0.97–1.30), 1.54 (1.18–2.00), 0.89 (0.67–1.19) and 1.15 (0.91–1.45), respectively. The HR of SDH compared with extreme quintiles of carbohydrates was 1.56 (95% CI, 1.08–2.25; Ptrend = 0.04) in men and 1.52 (95% CI, 1.02–2.26; Ptrend = 0.02) in women.Conclusion: Carbohydrates were related to a higher risk of SDH, which were not observed with HTN, ISH, and IDH.

scholarly journals Occupational Physical Activity and New-Onset Hypertension: A Nationwide Cohort Study in China

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinqin Li ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Shaojie Zhang ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
Panpan He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Occupational Physical Activity ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Metabolic Equivalent ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
New Onset

The association between occupational physical activity (OPA) and the risk of hypertension remains uncertain. We aimed to examine the prospective relations of OPA and new-onset hypertension among Chinese males and females. A total of 9350 adults who were free of hypertension at baseline were enrolled from the CHNS study (China Health and Nutrition Survey). Data on OPA were obtained by using self-reported questionnaires and calculated as metabolic equivalent task (MET)–hours per week. MET–hours per week may account for both intensity and time spent on activities. The study outcome was new-onset hypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg or diagnosed by physician or under antihypertensive treatment during the follow-up. During a median of 6.1 years (82 410 person-years) of follow-up, a total of 2949 participants developed hypertension. Overall, there was a L-shaped association between the OPA and new-onset hypertension in males and a U-shaped association in females (all P values for nonlinearity <0.001). Accordingly, when OPA was categorized as four groups (<80, 80–<160, 160–<240, and ≥240 metabolic MET–hours per week), in males, the risk of new-onset hypertension was significantly increased only among participants with OPA <80 MET–hours per week; however, in females, the lowest risk of new-onset hypertension was found among those with OPA 80 to 240 MET–hours per week. In summary, moderate OPA, in terms of both duration and intensity, is associated with a lower risk of new-onset hypertension among both males and females, whereas heavy OPA was related to increased risk of new-onset hypertension in females.

scholarly journals Dietary Carbohydrate Intake and New-Onset Hypertension

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinqin Li ◽  
Chengzhang Liu ◽  
Shaojie Zhang ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
New Onset

The association between carbohydrate intake and the risk of hypertension remains uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the prospective relations of the amount and type of carbohydrate intake with new-onset hypertension. A total of 12 177 adults who were free of hypertension at baseline from the China Health and Nutrition Survey were included. Dietary intake was measured by 3 consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls combined with a household food inventory. The study outcome was new-onset hypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg or diagnosed by physician or under antihypertensive treatment during the follow-up. A total of 4269 subjects developed hypertension during 95 157 person-years of follow-up. Overall, there was a U-shaped association between the percentage energy consumed from total carbohydrate (mean, 56.7%; SD, 10.7) and new-onset hypertension ( P for nonlinearity <0.001), with the lowest risk observed at 50% to 55% carbohydrate intake. The increased risks were mainly found in those with lower intake of high-quality carbohydrate (mean, 6.4%; SD, 5.6) or higher intake of low-quality carbohydrate (mean, 47.0%; SD, 13.0). Moreover, there was an inverse association between the plant-based low-carbohydrate scores for low-quality carbohydrate and new-onset hypertension. However, there was a U-shaped association between the animal-based low-carbohydrate scores for low-quality carbohydrate and new-onset hypertension ( P for nonlinearity <0.001). In summary, both high and low percentages of carbohydrate diets were associated with increased risk of new-onset hypertension, with minimal risk at 50% to 55% carbohydrate intake. Our findings support the intake of high-quality carbohydrate, and the substitution of plant-based products for low-quality carbohydrate for prevention of hypertension.

scholarly journals Inverse Association Between Riboflavin Intake and New-Onset Hypertension

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1709-1716
Author(s):  
Mengyi Liu ◽  
Chun Zhou ◽  
Zhuxian Zhang ◽  
Qinqin Li ◽  
Panpan He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Household Food Inventory ◽  
Prevention Of Hypertension ◽  
New Onset

The prospective relation of dietary riboflavin intake with hypertension remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the relationship of dietary riboflavin intake with new-onset hypertension and examine possible effect modifiers in general population. A total of 12 245 participants who were free of hypertension at baseline from China Health and Nutrition Survey were included. Dietary intake was measured by 3 consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls combined with a household food inventory. The study outcome was new-onset hypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg or diagnosed by physician or under antihypertensive treatment during the follow-up. A total of 4303 (35.1%) subjects developed hypertension during 95 573 person-years of follow-up. Overall, there was a nonlinear, inverse association between total, plant-based, or animal-based riboflavin intake and new-onset hypertension (all P for nonlinearity, <0.001). The risk of new-onset hypertension was increased only in participants with relatively lower riboflavin intake. Accordingly, a significantly lower risk of new-onset hypertension was found in participants in quartiles 2 to 4 of total riboflavin intake (hazard ratio, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.68–0.80]), plant-derived riboflavin intake (hazard ratio, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.71–0.84]), or animal-derived riboflavin intake (hazard ratio, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.65–0.77]), compared with those in quartile 1. In addition, the association between total riboflavin intake and new-onset hypertension was particularly evident in those with lower dietary sodium/potassium intake ratio ( P interaction, <0.001). In summary, there was an inverse association between riboflavin intake and new-onset hypertension in general Chinese adults. Our results emphasized the importance of maintaining relatively higher riboflavin intake levels for the prevention of hypertension.

U-shaped Association Between Dietary Zinc Intake and New-onset Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panpan He ◽  
Huan Li ◽  
Mengyi Liu ◽  
Zhuxian Zhang ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Dietary Zinc ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Zinc Intake ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Onset Diabetes ◽  
Household Food Inventory ◽  
Diagnosed Diabetes ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Aims We aimed to investigate the relationship of dietary zinc intake with new-onset diabetes among Chinese adults. Materials and Methods A total of 16 257 participants who were free of diabetes at baseline from the China Health and Nutrition Survey were included. Dietary intake was measured by 3 consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls combined with a household food inventory. Participants with self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes, or fasting glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L, or glycated hemoglobin ≥ 6.5% during the follow-up were defined as having new-onset diabetes. Results A total of 1097 participants developed new-onset diabetes during a median follow-up duration of 9.0 years. Overall, the association between dietary zinc intake and new-onset diabetes followed a U-shape (P for nonlinearity &lt; 0.001). The risk of new-onset diabetes was significantly lower in participants with zinc intake &lt; 9.1 mg/day (per mg/day: hazard ratio [HR], 0.73; 95% CI, 0.60-0.88), and higher in those with zinc intake ≥ 9.1 mg/day (per mg/day: HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.07-1.13). Consistently, when dietary zinc intake was assessed as deciles, compared with those in deciles 2-8 (8.9 -&lt;12.2 mg/day), the risk of new-onset diabetes was higher for decile 1 (&lt;8.9 mg/day: HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.04-1.62), and deciles 9 to 10 (≥12.2 mg/day: HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.38-1.90). Similar U-shaped relations were found for plant-derived or animal-derived zinc intake with new-onset diabetes (all P for nonlinearity &lt; 0.001). Conclusions There was a U-shaped association between dietary zinc intake and new-onset diabetes in general Chinese adults, with an inflection point at about 9.1 mg/day.

scholarly journals Dietary Carbohydrate Intake and New-onset Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Zhou ◽  
Zhuxian Zhang ◽  
Mengyi Liu ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
Huan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Onset Diabetes ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Background: The association of carbohydrate intake with diabetes risk remains uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the prospective associations of the amount and types of carbohydrate intake with new-onset diabetes.Methods: A total of 16,260 non-diabetic participants from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) were included. Dietary intake was collected by three consecutive 24-h dietary recalls combined with a household food inventory. Participants with self-reported diabetes, or fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L or glycated hemoglobin ≥6.5% during the follow-up were defined having new-onset diabetes. Results: During a median follow-up of 9 years (158,930 person-years), 1,100 participants developed diabetes. Overall, there was a U-shaped association between percent of energy from carbohydrate intake and new-onset diabetes, with minimal risk at 49-56% of energy from total carbohydrate intake (quartile 2) (P for nonlinearity <0.001). Moreover, there was an L-shaped association between high-quality carbohydrate intake and new-onset diabetes (P for nonlinearity <0.001), and a J-shaped association of low-quality carbohydrate intake with new-onset diabetes (P for nonlinearity <0.001). Furthermore, there was an inverse association between the plant-based low-carbohydrate scores for low-quality carbohydrate and new-onset diabetes. However, a reversed J-shaped association was found between the animal-based low-carbohydrate scores for low-quality carbohydrate and new-onset hypertension (P for nonlinearity <0.001). Conclusions: There was a U-shape association between percent of total carbohydrate intake and new-onset diabetes, with the lowest risk at 49-56% carbohydrate intake. Our findings provide some evidence for the intake of high-quality carbohydrate, and the substitution of plant-based products for low-quality carbohydrate for primary prevention of diabetes.

scholarly journals Association between blood pressure categories and cardiovascular disease mortality in China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0255373
Author(s):  
Jie Guo ◽  
Jun Lv ◽  
Yu Guo ◽  
Zheng Bian ◽  
Bang Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Diastolic Hypertension ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Background Blood pressure (BP) categories are useful to simplify preventions in public health, and diagnostic and treatment approaches in clinical practice. Updated evidence about the associations of BP categories with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and its subtypes is warranted. Methods and findings About 0.5 million adults aged 30 to 79 years were recruited from 10 areas in China during 2004–2008. The present study included 430 977 participants without antihypertension treatment, cancer, or CVD at baseline. BP was measured at least twice in a single visit at baseline and CVD deaths during follow-up were collected via registries and the national health insurance databases. Multivariable Cox regression was used to estimate the associations between BP categories and CVD mortality. Overall, 16.3% had prehypertension-low, 25.1% had prehypertension-high, 14.1% had isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), 1.9% had isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH), and 9.1% had systolic-diastolic hypertension (SDH). During a median 10-year follow-up, 9660 CVD deaths were documented. Compared with normal, the hazard ratios (95% CI) of prehypertension-low, prehypertension-high, ISH, IDH, SDH for CVD were 1.10 (1.01–1.19), 1.32 (1.23–1.42), 2.04 (1.91–2.19), 2.20 (1.85–2.61), and 3.81 (3.54–4.09), respectively. All hypertension subtypes were related to the increased risk of CVD subtypes, with a stronger association for hemorrhagic stroke than for ischemic heart disease. The associations were stronger in younger than older adults. Conclusions Prehypertension-high should be considered in CVD primary prevention given its high prevalence and increased CVD risk. All hypertension subtypes were independently associated with CVD and its subtypes mortality, though the strength of associations varied substantially.

scholarly journals Association between risk of type 2 diabetes and changes in energy intake at breakfast and dinner over 14 years: a latent class trajectory analysis from the China health and nutrition Survey, 1997–2011

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e046183
Author(s):  
Xiyun Ren ◽  
Jian Gao ◽  
Tianshu Han ◽  
Changhao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Diabetes Status

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the association between the trajectories of energy consumption at dinner versus breakfast and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D).DesignCohort study.SettingThe study was conducted in China.ParticipantsA total of 10 727 adults, including 5239 men and 5488 women, with a mean age of 42.7±11.2 years and a mean follow-up time of 9.1 years, met the study criteria and completed a questionnaire about energy intake and diabetes status from the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 1997–2011.Primary outcome measuresParticipants were divided into subgroups based on the trajectories of the ratio of energy consumption at dinner versus breakfast. Cox multivariate regression models were used to explore the associations between different trajectories and the risk of T2D after adjustment for confounders and their risk factors. Mediation analysis was performed to explore the intermediary effect of triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), uric acid (UA) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) between the trajectories and the risk of T2D.ResultsFor energy consumption at dinner versus breakfast, compared with a low-stable trajectory, the adjusted HR of T2D in low-increasing from early-stage trajectory was 1.29 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.60). TG, TC, UA and ApoB were significantly higher in low-increasing from early-stage trajectory than other trajectories and play partial regulation roles between trajectories and T2D.ConclusionsThis study emphasised the harmful effect of a gradual increase in the ratio of energy consumption at dinner versus breakfast from early stage on the development of T2D and partially mediated by TG, TC, UA and ApoB, highlighting that it is necessary to intake more energy at breakfast compared with dinner to prevent T2D in adults.

scholarly journals Metabolic Syndrome Features and Excess Weight Were Inversely Associated with Nut Consumption after 1-Year Follow-Up in the PREDIMED-Plus Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (12) ◽  
pp. 3161-3170
Author(s):  
Alicia Julibert ◽  
Maria del Mar Bibiloni ◽  
Laura Gallardo-Alfaro ◽  
Manuela Abbate ◽  
Miguel Á Martínez-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Study Cohort

ABSTRACT Background High nut consumption has been previously associated with decreased prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) regardless of race and dietary patterns. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess whether changes in nut consumption over a 1-y follow-up are associated with changes in features of MetS in a middle-aged and older Spanish population at high cardiovascular disease risk. Methods This prospective 1-y follow-up cohort study, conducted in the framework of the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED)-Plus randomized trial, included 5800 men and women (55–75 y old) with overweight/obesity [BMI (in kg/m2) ≥27 and &lt;40] and MetS. Nut consumption (almonds, pistachios, walnuts, and other nuts) was assessed using data from a validated FFQ. The primary outcome was the change from baseline to 1 y in features of MetS [waist circumference (WC), glycemia, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure] and excess weight (body weight and BMI) according to tertiles of change in nut consumption. Secondary outcomes included changes in dietary and lifestyle characteristics. A generalized linear model was used to compare 1-y changes in features of MetS, weight, dietary intakes, and lifestyle characteristics across tertiles of change in nut consumption. Results As nut consumption increased, between each tertile there was a significant decrease in WC, TG, systolic blood pressure, weight, and BMI (P &lt; 0.05), and a significant increase in HDL cholesterol (only in women, P = 0.044). The interaction effect between time and group was significant for total energy intake (P &lt; 0.001), adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) (P &lt; 0.001), and nut consumption (P &lt; 0.001). Across tertiles of increasing nut consumption there was a significant increase in extra virgin olive oil intake and adherence to the MedDiet; change in energy intake, on the other hand, was inversely related to consumption of nuts. Conclusions Features of MetS and excess weight were inversely associated with nut consumption after a 1-y follow-up in the PREDIMED-Plus study cohort. This trial was registered at isrctn.com as ISRCTN89898870.

scholarly journals Sex-Specific Associations between Blood Pressure and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation Subtypes in the Tromsø Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1514
Author(s):  
Hilde Espnes ◽  
Jocasta Ball ◽  
Maja-Lisa Løchen ◽  
Tom Wilsgaard ◽  
Inger Njølstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Pressure Management ◽  
Reference Models ◽  
Proportional Hazards Regression ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk

The aim of this study was to explore sex-specific associations between systolic blood pressure (SBP), hypertension, and the risk of incident atrial fibrillation (AF) subtypes, including paroxysmal, persistent, and permanent AF, in a general population. A total of 13,137 women and 11,667 men who participated in the fourth survey of the Tromsø Study (1994–1995) were followed up for incident AF until the end of 2016. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was conducted using fractional polynomials for SBP to provide sex- and AF-subtype-specific hazard ratios (HRs) for SBP. An SBP of 120 mmHg was used as the reference. Models were adjusted for other cardiovascular risk factors. Over a mean follow-up of 17.6 ± 6.6 years, incident AF occurred in 914 (7.0%) women (501 with paroxysmal/persistent AF and 413 with permanent AF) and 1104 (9.5%) men (606 with paroxysmal/persistent AF and 498 with permanent AF). In women, an SBP of 180 mmHg was associated with an HR of 2.10 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.60–2.76) for paroxysmal/persistent AF and an HR of 1.80 (95% CI 1.33–2.44) for permanent AF. In men, an SBP of 180 mmHg was associated with an HR of 1.90 (95% CI 1.46–2.46) for paroxysmal/persistent AF, while there was no association with the risk of permanent AF. In conclusion, increasing SBP was associated with an increased risk of both paroxysmal/persistent AF and permanent AF in women, but only paroxysmal/persistent AF in men. Our findings highlight the importance of sex-specific risk stratification and optimizing blood pressure management for the prevention of AF subtypes in clinical practice.

Association between selenium intake, diabetes, and mortality in adults: findings from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2014

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Bushra Hoque ◽  
Zumin Shi
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
The Us ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Abstract Selenium (Se) is a trace mineral that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to investigate the association between Se intake, diabetes, all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a representative sample of US adults. Data from 18,932 adults who attended the 2003-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analysed. Information on mortality was obtained from the US mortality registry updated to 2015. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox regression were used. Cross-sectionally, Se intake was positively associated with diabetes. Comparing extreme quartiles of Se intake, the odds ratio (OR) for diabetes was 1.44 (95% CI: 1.09–1.89). During a mean of 6.6 years follow-up, there were 1627 death (312 CVD, 386 cancer). High intake of Se was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality. When comparing the highest with the lowest quartiles of Se intake, the hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause, CVD mortality, cancer mortality and other mortality were: 0.77 (95% CI 0.59-1.01), 0.62 (95% CI, 0.35-1.13), 1.42 (95% CI, 0.78-2.58) and 0.60 (95% CI,0.40-0.80), respectively. The inverse association between Se intake and all-cause mortality was only found among white participants. In conclusion, Se intake was positively associated with diabetes but inversely associated with all-cause mortality. There was no interaction between Se intake and diabetes in relation to all-cause mortality.

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