Abstract TP145: Anodal 2mA Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Over Affected Parietal-Insular-vestibular Cortex Shows No Effect on Lateropulsion Following Strokei

Objective: To assess the effects of 2mA transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) over the affected Parietal-Insular-Vestibular Cortex (PIVC) on seated posture of patients with lateropulsion following stroke. We hypothesized that bilateral electrode placement over PIVC (vs active control) would produce a change in seated posture. Background: Lateropulsion following stroke (Pusher Syndrome) is characterized by lateral displacement of subjective postural vertical toward the weak side. It is caused by lesions affecting vestibular projections to the Ventral Lateral Thalamus (VLT) or projections from the VLT to the Parietal-Insular-Vestibular Cortex (PIVC). Methods: Seventeen subjects with Burke Lateropulsion Scale scores ≥ 2 within 30 days of an ischemic stroke signed an IRB-approved consent. They received 2mA tDCS delivered using 25cm 2 saline soaked sponge electrodes via one of two montages: Test (anode over the affected PIVC and cathode opposite PIVC) versus Active Control (anode over the affected PIVC and cathode over the opposite supra-orbital region). PIVC was defined using EEG 10/20 coordinates. Seated medial-lateral center of pressure (COP-X) was measured using a custom-designed chair mounted on an AMTI™ analog-to-digital forceplate. An inclinometer strapped to the chest and aligned with the sternum measured lateral trunk tilt. Data were collected prior to, then at 5, 10, and 15 minutes during tDCS and 5 min following tDCS. Results: Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance rejected the hypothesis of an interaction between Montage and Time for: mean COP-X displacement (in) (Wilks’ λ F = 0.647 df =(4, 13), P = 0.639); mean speed of COP-X (in/s) (Wilks’ λ F = 0.740 df =(4, 13), P =0.581); mean inclinometer tilt (degrees) (Wilks’ λ F = 0.740 df =(4, 13), P =0.581). Conclusion: Neither tDCS montage showed improvement in COP-X displacement, COP-X movement velocity or inclinometer readings. These negative results are important to encourage the development of alternative tDCS stimulation parameters or identification of alternative cortical or vestibular tDCS targets for the treatment of Lateropulsion Following Stroke.

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Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Professional Female Soccer Players’ Recovery Following Official Matches

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.1177/00315125211021239 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 003151252110212

Author(s):

Alexandre Moreira ◽

Daniel Gomes da Silva Machado ◽

Marom Bikson ◽

Gozde Unal ◽

Paul S. Bradley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Direct Current ◽

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Training Session ◽

Well Being ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Total Quality ◽

Direct Current Stimulation ◽

Sham Condition ◽

World Class

This study investigated the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with a recovery training session on the well-being and self-perceived recovery of professional female soccer players after official matches. Data from 13 world-class players were analyzed after participating in four official soccer matches of the first division of the Brazilian Women’s Soccer Championship (7-, 10-, and 13-day intervals). We applied anodal tDCS (a-tDCS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with 2 mA for 20 minutes (+F3/−F4 montage) the day after each match. Participants underwent two randomly ordered sessions of a-tDCS or sham. Players completed the Well-Being Questionnaire (WBQ) and the Total Quality Recovery (TQR) scale before each experimental condition and again the following morning. A two-way repeated-measures ANOVA showed a significant time x condition interaction on the WBQ (F(1,11)=5.21; p=0.043; ηp2=0.32), but not on the TQR (F(1,12) = 0.552; p = 0.47; ηp2 = 0.044). There was a large effect size (ES) for a-tDCS for the WBQ score (ES = 1.02; 95%CI = 0.17;1.88), and there was a moderate WBQ score increase (ES = 0.53; 95%CI = −0.29;1.34) for the sham condition. We found similar increases in the TQR score for a-tDCS (ES = 1.50; 95%CI = 0.63–2.37) and the sham condition (ES = 1.36; 95%CI = 0.51–2.22). These results suggest that a-tDCS (+F3/−F4 montage) combined with a recovery training session may slightly improve perceived well-being beyond the level of improvement after only the recovery training session among world-class female soccer players. Prior to widely adopting this recovery approach, further study is needed with larger and more diverse samples, including for female teams of different performance levels.

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The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on objective and subjective indexes of exercise performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

10.31236/osf.io/e2buc ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Darias Holgado ◽

Miguel A. Vadillo ◽

Daniel Sanabria

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Direct Current ◽

Exercise Performance ◽

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Effect Sizes ◽

Electrode Placement ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Time To Exhaustion ◽

Direct Current Stimulation

Objective: To examine the effectss of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on objective and subjective indexes of exercise performance.Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Data Sources: A systematic literature search of electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar) and reference lists of included articles up to June 2018.Eligibility Criteria: Published articles in journals or in repositories with raw data available, randomized sham-controlled trial comparing anodal stimulation with a sham condition providing data on objective (e.g. time to exhaustion or time-trial performance) or subjective (e.g. rate of perceived exertion) indexes of exercise performance.Results: The initial search provided 420 articles of which 31 were assessed for eligibility. Finally, the analysis of effect sizes comprised 24 studies with 386 participants. The analysis indicated that anodal tDCS had a small but positive effect on performance g = 0.34, 95% CI [0.12, 0.52], z = 3.24, p = 0.0012. Effects were not significantly moderated by type of outcome, electrode placement, muscles involved, number of sessions, or intensity and duration of the stimulation. Importantly, the funnel plot showed that, overall, effect sizes tended to be larger in studies with lower sample size and high standard error. Summary: The results suggest that tDCS may have a positive impact on exercise performance. However, the effect is probably small and most likely biased by low quality studies and the selective publication of significant results. Therefore, the current evidence does not provide strong support to the conclusion that tDCS is an effective means to improve exercise performance.

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Ergogenic Effects of Bihemispheric Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Fitness: a Randomized Cross-over Trial

International Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1055/a-1198-8525 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (01) ◽

pp. 66-73

Author(s):

Roberto Codella ◽

Rosario Alongi ◽

Luca Filipas ◽

Livio Luzi

Keyword(s):

Physical Fitness ◽

Athletic Training ◽

Direct Current ◽

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Crossover Fashion ◽

Endurance Running ◽

Direct Current Stimulation ◽

The Impact

AbstractSeveral types of routines and methods have been experimented to gain neuromuscular advantages, in terms of exercise performance, in athletes and fitness enthusiasts. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of biemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation on physical fitness indicators of healthy, physically active, men. In a randomized, single-blinded, crossover fashion, seventeen subjects (age: 30.9 ± 6.5 years, BMI: 24.8±3.1 kg/m2) underwent either stimulation or sham, prior to: vertical jump, sit & reach, and endurance running tests. Mixed repeated measures anova revealed a large main effect of stimulation for any of the three physical fitness measures. Stimulation determined increases of lower limb power (+ 5%), sit & reach amplitude (+ 9%) and endurance running capacity (+ 12%) with respect to sham condition (0.16<ηp2 < 0.41; p<0.05). Ratings-of-perceived-exertion, recorded at the end of each test session, did not change across all performances. However, in the stimulated-endurance protocol, an average lower rate-of-perceived-exertion at iso-time was inferred. A portable transcranial direct current stimulation headset could be a valuable ergogenic resource for individuals seeking to improve physical fitness in daily life or in athletic training.

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Evaluating the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation electrode placement on cognition in mild cognitive impairment and alzheimer's disease

Brain Stimulation ◽

10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.322 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 409-410

Author(s):

C. Liu ◽

N. Herrmann ◽

D. Gallagher ◽

T. Rajji ◽

D. Vieira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Direct Current ◽

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽

Electrode Placement ◽

Direct Current Stimulation ◽

Stimulation Electrode

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Crossover design in transcranial direct current stimulation studies on motor learning: potential pitfalls and difficulties in interpretation of findings

Reviews in the Neurosciences ◽

10.1515/revneuro-2017-0056 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 463-473 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mana Biabani ◽

Michael Farrell ◽

Maryam Zoghi ◽

Gary Egan ◽

Shapour Jaberzadeh

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Motor Learning ◽

Direct Current ◽

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Crossover Design ◽

Period Effect ◽

Direct Current Stimulation ◽

Repeated Measures Design

Abstract Crossover designs are used by a high proportion of studies investigating the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on motor learning. These designs necessitate attention to aspects of data collection and analysis to take account of design-related confounds including order, carryover, and period effects. In this systematic review, we appraised the method sections of crossover-designed tDCS studies of motor learning and discussed the strategies adopted to address these factors. A systematic search of 10 databases was performed and 19 research papers, including 21 experimental studies, were identified. Potential risks of bias were addressed in all of the studies, however, not in a rigorous and structured manner. In the data collection phase, unclear methods of randomization, various lengths of washout period, and inconsistency in the counteracting period effect can be observed. In the analytical procedures, the stratification by sequence group was often ignored, and data were treated as if it belongs to a simple repeated-measures design. An inappropriate use of crossover design can seriously affect the findings and therefore the conclusions drawn from tDCS studies on motor learning. The results indicate a pressing need for the development of detailed guidelines for this type of studies to benefit from the advantages of a crossover design.

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Possibilities of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) use in elite sport

Sports medicine research and practice ◽

10.47529/2223-2524.2021.3.7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 64-72

Author(s):

S. I. Barshak ◽

M. D. Didur ◽

V. V. Zavyalov ◽

O. V. Kara ◽

I. N. Mitin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Motor Learning ◽

Direct Current ◽

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽

Skin Irritation ◽

Long Term Potentiation ◽

Electrode Placement ◽

Local Skin ◽

Direct Current Stimulation ◽

System Functioning

Transcranial direct current stimulation has proven to be the method that can modulate neural activity in various cases. As this method has been shown to be effective in improving muscular strength, reaction time and accuracy, motor learning, it seems to be promising in elite sports.This paper provides an overview of studies on tDCS and its impact on central nervous system functioning, with an emphasis on potential sports utility. This review demonstrates that the basic mechanism of the effect of tDCS on nervous system functioning is its ability to modulate the excitability of neurons.tDCS is able to influence various components of electrocortical potentials, the amplitude of the motor evoked potential, as well as the mechanisms of long-term potentiation and, as a consequence, the cellular mechanisms of motor learning and neuroplasticity in general. The beneficial effect of tDCS on attention selectivity and signal detection has been noted. It is also shown that tDCS can accelerate learning and enhance performance in a range of complex cognitive tasks.In addition, a number of studies showing that tDCS can increase the efficiency of performing arithmetic and problem solving tasks are considered.In the context of sports, the influence of tDCS over motor areas on motor learning and on the accuracy of voluntary movements seems to be important. Its ability to influence speed and strength indicators, namely, the maximum isometric force of various muscle groups and explosive strength, as well as endurance indicators seems promising, too. The review also shows that tDCS is reasonably safe and that serious adverse effects are extremely rare; the most common adverse effect is local skin irritation due to poor electrode placement.

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The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation compared to standard bupropion for the treatment of tobacco dependence: A randomized sham-controlled trial

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2019.04.010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 60 ◽

pp. 41-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Shahram Ghorbani Behnam ◽

Seyed Abbas Mousavi ◽

Mohammad Hassan Emamian

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Direct Current ◽

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Direct Current Stimulation ◽

Salivary Cotinine ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Group D

AbstractBackground:Current treatments for smoking cessation are not effective for most smokers. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on smoking cessation.Methods:In this randomized, sham-controlled trial study, tobacco-dependent (by DSM-5) male participants were recruited from the general public invitation. Participants were randomly allocated to 5 groups; (A), treatment with 300mg bupropion for 8 weeks; (B), active tDCS (20 sessions for 4 weeks); (C), sham for group B ; (D), active tDCS (20 sessions for 12 weeks), and (E), sham for group D. The electrode montage was anode F3 and cathode F4. Study outcomes include salivary cotinine, Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence, and smoked cigarette per day, were examined on three time points. Repeated-measures analysis of variances and the generalized estimation equation (GEE) model were employed for data analysis.Results:Among 210 volunteers, 170 participants completed the study. Mean age of participants was 42.9 years, ranging from 21 to 64 years. The 6-month point abstinence rates in groups A, B and D were 20%, 7% and 25.7%, and in C, D sham groups were 3.1% and 3% respectively. Results of the GEE model showed that although group D was not different from group A in abstinence rate, i.e., salivary cotinine >4 (p = 0.266), nicotine dependency by Fagerstrom test was lower in this group compared to group A (p = 0.019).Conclusions:The 12-week tDCS had a clinically good therapeutic effect on smoking cessation and its dependency. It may be a substitute for bupropion treatment.

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Electrode Placement in Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation—How Reliable Is the Determination of C3/C4?

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci9030069 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 69 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tonya Rich ◽

Bernadette Gillick

Keyword(s):

Motor Cortex ◽

Direct Current ◽

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽

Primary Motor Cortex ◽

Electrode Placement ◽

Rater Reliability ◽

Direct Current Stimulation ◽

Adult Participants ◽

The Brain ◽

Absolute Reliability

The 10/20 electroencephalogram (EEG) measurements system often guides electrode placement for transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a form of non-invasive brain stimulation. One targeted region of the brain is the primary motor cortex (M1) for motor recovery after stroke, among other clinical indications. M1 is identified by C3 and C4 of the 10/20 EEG system yet the reliability of 10/20 EEG measurements by novice research raters is unknown. We investigated the reliability of the 10/20 EEG measurements for C3 and C4 in 25 adult participants. Two novice raters were assessed for inter-rater reliability. Both raters received two hours of instruction from a registered neurodiagnostic technician. One of the raters completed the measurements across two testing days for intra-rater reliability. Relative reliability was determined using the intraclass coefficient (ICC) and absolute reliability. We observed a low to fair inter and intra-rater ICC for motor cortex measurements. The absolute reliability was <1.0 cm by different novice raters and on different days. Although a low error was observed, consideration of the integrity of the targeted region of the brain is critical when designing tDCS interventions in clinical populations who may have compromised brain structure, due to a lesion or altered anatomy.

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Augmentative transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in poor responder depressed patients: a follow-up study

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s1092852913000497 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 347-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Bernardo Dell'Osso ◽

Cristina Dobrea ◽

Chiara Arici ◽

Beatrice Benatti ◽

Roberta Ferrucci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Direct Current ◽

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Drop Out ◽

Young Mania ◽

Double Blind ◽

Direct Current Stimulation ◽

Follow Up Study

ObjectivesTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neurostimulation technique that has received increasing interest in the area of mood disorders over the last several years. While acute, double-blind, sham-controlled studies have already reported positive findings in terms of efficacy and safety for tDCS, follow-up data are lacking. This need prompted the present follow-up study, which assesses post-acute effects of tDCS (no maintenance stimulation was performed), in the mid-term, in a sample of major depressives.MethodsAfter completing an acute, open trial of tDCS, 23 outpatients with either major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder entered a naturalistic follow-up (T1) with clinical evaluations at one week (T2), 1 month (T3), and 3 months (T4). A quantitative analysis of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) total scores, through repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) (T1–T4) and paired t-test for comparing specific time points (T1–T2, T2–T3, and T3–T4), was performed. In addition, a qualitative analysis on the basis of treatment response and remission (HAM-D) was performed.ResultsEven though a progressive reduction of follow-up completers was observed from T2 to T4 (95.6% at T2, 65.2% at T3, and 47.8% at T4), the antidepressant effects of acute tDCS persisted over 3 months in almost half of the sample. Of note, no post-acute side effects emerged during the follow-up observation. The most frequent causes of drop-out from this study included major modifications in therapeutic regimen (30%) and poor adherence to follow-up visits (17%).ConclusionsIn this mid-term, open, follow-up study, tDCS showed mixed results. Further controlled studies are urgently needed to assess its effects beyond the acute phase.

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