An Artist's Works through the Eyes of a Physicist: Graphic Illustration of Particle Symmetries

Leonardo ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
György Darvas ◽  
Tamás F. Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
General Public ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Basic Properties ◽  
Graphic Artist ◽  
Subatomic Particles ◽  
Graphic Illustration ◽  
Physical Objects

The paper presents remarks by a physicist and a graphic artist on an artwork series produced by the artist. They associate the colors and twists represented in these graphics with the properties of subatomic particles—their structures and connections. The authors use graphical representation to visualize the inner structure of atoms, the classification of quarks and the metaphorical names of abstract physical properties. No textbooks that make visible these basic properties by means of art are currently available. Artistic visualization brings these “mysterious” physical objects closer to the understanding of students and the general public and leaves physicists better able to discover new secrets of the internal structure of quarks and their properties.

The Classification of Parauapebas Meteorite: Petrological, Mineralogical and Elemental Compositions and Physical Properties

2021 ◽  
pp. 105250
Author(s):  
Amanda A. Tosi ◽  
Maria Elizabeth Zucolotto ◽  
Wania Wolff ◽  
Julio C. Mendes ◽  
Sergio Suárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Elemental Compositions

scholarly journals A new pipeline for structural characterization and classification of RNA-Seq microbiome data

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Racedo ◽  
Ivan Portnoy ◽  
Jorge I. Vélez ◽  
Homero San-Juan-Vergara ◽  
Marco Sanjuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Compositional Data ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Simulation Experiments

Abstract Background High-throughput sequencing enables the analysis of the composition of numerous biological systems, such as microbial communities. The identification of dependencies within these systems requires the analysis and assimilation of the underlying interaction patterns between all the variables that make up that system. However, this task poses a challenge when considering the compositional nature of the data coming from DNA-sequencing experiments because traditional interaction metrics (e.g., correlation) produce unreliable results when analyzing relative fractions instead of absolute abundances. The compositionality-associated challenges extend to the classification task, as it usually involves the characterization of the interactions between the principal descriptive variables of the datasets. The classification of new samples/patients into binary categories corresponding to dissimilar biological settings or phenotypes (e.g., control and cases) could help researchers in the development of treatments/drugs. Results Here, we develop and exemplify a new approach, applicable to compositional data, for the classification of new samples into two groups with different biological settings. We propose a new metric to characterize and quantify the overall correlation structure deviation between these groups and a technique for dimensionality reduction to facilitate graphical representation. We conduct simulation experiments with synthetic data to assess the proposed method’s classification accuracy. Moreover, we illustrate the performance of the proposed approach using Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) count tables obtained through 16S rRNA gene sequencing data from two microbiota experiments. Also, compare our method’s performance with that of two state-of-the-art methods. Conclusions Simulation experiments show that our method achieves a classification accuracy equal to or greater than 98% when using synthetic data. Finally, our method outperforms the other classification methods with real datasets from gene sequencing experiments.

Petrophysical Rocks: Electrofacies and Lithofacies

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Doveton
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Well Control ◽  
The Core ◽  
Lateral Extent ◽  
Petrophysical Logs ◽  
Definition Of

Many years ago, the classification of sedimentary rocks was largely descriptive and relied primarily on petrographic methods for composition and granulometry for particle size. The compositional aspect broadly matches the goals of the previous chapter in estimating mineral content from petrophysical logs. With the development of sedimentology, sedimentary rocks were now considered in terms of the depositional environment in which they originated. Uniformitarianism, the doctrine that the present is the key to the past, linked the formation of sediments in the modern day to their ancient lithified equivalents. Classification was now structured in terms of genesis and formalized in the concept of “facies.” A widely quoted definition of facies was given by Reading (1978) who stated, “A facies should ideally be a distinctive rock that forms under certain conditions of sedimentation reflecting a particular process or environment.” This concept identifies facies as process products which, when lithified in the subsurface, form genetic units that can be correlated with well control to establish the geological architecture of a field. The matching of facies with modern depositional analogs means that dimensional measures, such as shape and lateral extent, can be used to condition reasonable geomodels, particularly when well control is sparse or nonuniform. Most wells are logged rather than cored, so that the identification of facies in cores usually provides only a modicum of information to characterize the architecture of an entire field. Consequently, many studies have been made to predict lithofacies from log measurements in order to augment core observations in the development of a satisfactory geomodel that describes the structure of genetic layers across a field. The term “electrofacies” was introduced by Serra and Abbott (1980) as a way to characterize collective associations of log responses that are linked with geological attributes. They defined electrofacies to be “the set of log responses which characterizes a bed and permits it to be distinguished from the others.” Electrofacies are clearly determined by geology, because physical properties of rocks. The intent of electrofacies identification is generally to match them with lithofacies identified in the core or an outcrop.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION OF PARTICLE BOARDS USING POLYSTYRENE AND BAMBOO WASTES

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 788-793
Author(s):  
SA Abdulkareem ◽  
AG Adeniyi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Curing Methods

This investigation was able to produce incredibly strong particleboards using bamboo and resinous material obtained from Polystyrene wastes. The particleboards were prepared by mixing the bamboo fibres and Polystyrene based resin (PBR) followed by flat press process at different ratio (v/v). Physical properties were measured, with reference to normal and oven curing methods, according to the ASTM D-1037 standard. Thickness Swelling (TS) of the samples were measured after 2 and 24 hours of immersion in water at 25oC temperature. It was found that the physical properties of particleboards with 20%, 30% and 40% PBR content were all in agreement with low density particleboard classification of American National Standards Institute (ANSI). TS increased as the PBR content decreased in the matrix. Obtained properties convincingly indicate superior bonding ability of the synthesised resinous polystyrene over known industrial adhesives typically used for particleboard production. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i3.18 

Classification of obligations and the impact of constructivist epistemologies

Legal Studies ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Legal Knowledge ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Epistemological Point ◽  
Legal Classification

In December 1996 Classification of Obligations formed the topic of one of a series of SPTL seminars under the general title of Pressing Problems in the Law. It may, perhaps, be asked quite why classification is a pressing problem, for it is by no means clear from the papers themselves that common lawyers have suddenly become more concerned about the internal structure of the ‘seamless web’. Nevertheless the seminar was a valuable opportunity to reflect upon a subject that is at least a useful vehicle for thinking about legal knowledge. Legal classification, in other words, raises questions of an epistemological nature. The purpose of this present paper is to pursue this epistemological point in an attempt to reveal how classification of symbolic knowledge (legal propositions or rules) hides much deeper issues about the role of non-symbolic knowledge (symmetries, images and isomorphs) in the formulation of legal solutions in the law of obligations.

scholarly journals Classification of Theories about Rock Pressure

2018 ◽  
Vol 277 ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleh Khomenko ◽  
Maksym Kononenko ◽  
Janchiv Bilegsaikhan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Rock Pressure ◽  
Mine Working ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Classification Feature ◽  
The World ◽  
Underground Mine Working ◽  
Mine Workings ◽  
Energy Theory

The first classificationsw of physical properties of rocks and hypotheses of rock pressure in the world practice are analysed. The analysis of internationally widely known theories about rock pressure and physical processes around mine workings is executed. Classification of theories about rock pressure on classification feature “condition of investigated massif” is constructed. The energy theory that describing capsulation by the massif of underground mine working is offered.

scholarly journals On the geometry of multisymplectic manifolds

1999 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Cantrijn ◽  
A. Ibort ◽  
M. De León
Keyword(s):  
Differential Form ◽  
Structure Theorem ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Linear Case ◽  
Characteristic Distribution ◽  
Basic Properties ◽  
Lagrangian Fibration ◽  
Zero Characteristic

AbstractA multisymplectic structure on a manifold is defined by a closed differential form with zero characteristic distribution. Starting from the linear case, some of the basic properties of multisymplectic structures are described. Various examples of multisymplectic manifolds are considered, and special attention is paid to the canonical multisymplectic structure living on a bundle of exterior k-forms on a manifold. For a class of multisymplectic manifolds admitting a ‘Lagrangian’ fibration, a general structure theorem is given which, in particular, leads to a classification of these manifolds in terms of a prescribed family of cohomology classes.

scholarly journals Isospectral drums and simple groups

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 1850060
Author(s):  
Koen Thas
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simple Groups ◽  
Finite Simple Groups ◽  
Planar Domains ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Isospectral Manifolds ◽  
Transplantation Technique ◽  
Rule Out

Nearly every known pair of isospectral but nonisometric manifolds — with as most famous members isospectral bounded [Formula: see text]-planar domains which makes one “not hear the shape of a drum” [M. Kac, Can one hear the shape of a drum? Amer. Math. Monthly 73(4 part 2) (1966) 1–23] — arise from the (group theoretical) Gassmann–Sunada method. Moreover, all the known [Formula: see text]-planar examples (so counter examples to Kac’s question) are constructed through a famous specialization of this method, called transplantation. We first describe a number of very general classes of length equivalent manifolds, with as particular cases isospectral manifolds, in each of the constructions starting from a given example that arises itself from the Gassmann–Sunada method. The constructions include the examples arising from the transplantation technique (and thus in particular the known planar examples). To that end, we introduce four properties — called FF, MAX, PAIR and INV — inspired by natural physical properties (which rule out trivial constructions), that are satisfied for each of the known planar examples. Vice versa, we show that length equivalent manifolds with FF, MAX, PAIR and INV which arise from the Gassmann–Sunada method, must fall under one of our prior constructions, thus describing a precise classification of these objects. Due to the nature of our constructions and properties, a deep connection with finite simple groups occurs which seems, perhaps, rather surprising in the context of this paper. On the other hand, our properties define in some sense physically irreducible pairs of length equivalent manifolds — “atoms” of general pairs of length equivalent manifolds, in that such a general pair of manifolds is patched up out of irreducible pairs — and that is precisely what simple groups are for general groups.

Electro-mechanical anisotropy of phosphorene

Nanoscale ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (21) ◽  
pp. 9746-9751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luqing Wang ◽  
Alex Kutana ◽  
Xiaolong Zou ◽  
Boris I. Yakobson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
External Stress ◽  
Mechanical Anisotropy ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Inherent Anisotropy ◽  
Basic Properties ◽  
Effective Carrier

The external stress enhances the inherent anisotropy of phosphorene, affecting various basic physical properties including Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, band gap, and effective carrier masses. We compute basic properties of uniaxially-stressed phosphorene and present all final results in compact analytical forms.

Artworks and Representational Properties

Dialogue ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherri Irvin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Object Identity ◽  
Physical Objects

AbstractA sustained challenge to the view that artworks are physical objects relates to the alleged inability of physical objects to possess representational properties, which some artworks clearly do possess. I argue that the challenge is subject to confusions about representational properties and aesthetic experience. I show that a challenge to artwork-object identity put forward by Danto is vulnerable to a similar criticism. I conclude by noting that the identity of artworks and physical objects is consistent with the insight that attending exclusively to the object's individual physical properties may prevent us from grasping the nature of the work.

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