When to Take a Gesture Seriously: On How We Use and Prioritize Communicative Cues

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1355-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Gunter ◽  
J. E. Douglas Weinbrenner
Keyword(s):  
Classical Literature ◽  
Reference Tracking ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Cue Validity ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Pointing Gestures ◽  
The Right ◽  
Accumulated Error ◽  
Pointing Gesture

When people talk, their speech is often accompanied by gestures. Although it is known that co-speech gestures can influence face-to-face communication, it is currently unclear to what extent they are actively used and under which premises they are prioritized to facilitate communication. We investigated these open questions in two experiments that varied how pointing gestures disambiguate the utterances of an interlocutor. Participants, whose event-related brain responses were measured, watched a video, where an actress was interviewed about, for instance, classical literature (e.g., Goethe and Shakespeare). While responding, the actress pointed systematically to the left side to refer to, for example, Goethe, or to the right to refer to Shakespeare. Her final statement was ambiguous and combined with a pointing gesture. The P600 pattern found in Experiment 1 revealed that, when pointing was unreliable, gestures were only monitored for their cue validity and not used for reference tracking related to the ambiguity. However, when pointing was a valid cue (Experiment 2), it was used for reference tracking, as indicated by a reduced N400 for pointing. In summary, these findings suggest that a general prioritization mechanism is in use that constantly monitors and evaluates the use of communicative cues against communicative priors on the basis of accumulated error information.

Temporal and Spatial Aspects of Pointing Gestures

2010 ◽  
pp. 166-186
Author(s):  
Christian Müller-Tomfelde ◽  
Fang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Dwell Time ◽  
Spatial Organisation ◽  
Core Element ◽  
Temporal Domain ◽  
Pointing Gestures ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pointing Gesture ◽  
Human Pointing

The detailed and profound understanding of the temporal and spatial organisation of human pointing actions is key to enable developers to build applications that successfully incorporate multimodal human computer interaction. Rather than discussing an ideal detection method for manual pointing we will discuss crucial aspects of pointing actions in time and space to develop the right solution for a particular application. One core element of pointing in the temporal domain is the so called dwell-time, the time span that people remain nearly motionless during pointing at objects to express their intention. We also discuss important findings about the spatial characteristics of the target representation for the pointing gesture.The findings foster better understanding of the role of pointing gestures in combination with other modalities and inform developer with substantial knowledge about the temporal-spatial organisation of the pointing gesture.

The Role of Photographs in Face-to-Face Interactions involving Younger and Older Neurotypical Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katlyn Engebretsen ◽  
Rachel Hartman ◽  
David Beukelman ◽  
Karen Hux
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Nonverbal Communication ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Pointing Gestures ◽  
Pointing Gesture

The purpose of this preliminary investigation was to explore the role photographs play in communication interactions involving neurotypical adults. Participants included 10 people from 2 age groups: younger adults between 23 and 25 years of age and older adults between 61 and 74 years of age. Referencing photographs to support one-on-one conversations between an examiner and either a younger or older neurotypical adult speaker occurred approximately 20% of the time. Younger participants relied solely on nonverbal communication in the form of a pointing gesture to convey their intent less than 2% of the time, whereas older participants never relied solely on pointing gestures to convey intent. This suggests that typical speakers treat the referencing of photographs as a supplemental rather than primary communication strategy during face-to-face interactions.

scholarly journals Open Issues and Practical Suggestions for Telemedicine in Chronic Pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12416
Author(s):  
Marco Cascella ◽  
Franco Marinangeli ◽  
Alessandro Vittori ◽  
Cristina Scala ◽  
Massimo Piccinini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Adherence Assessment ◽  
The Right ◽  
Monitoring Treatment ◽  
Open Issues

Telemedicine represents a major opportunity to facilitate continued assistance for patients with chronic pain and improve their access to care. Preliminary data show that an improvement can be expected of the monitoring, treatment adherence, assessment of treatment effect including the emotional distress associated with pain. Moreover, this approach seems to be convenient and cost-effective, and particularly suitable for personalized treatment. Nevertheless, several open issues must be highlighted such as identification of assessment tools, implementation of monitoring instruments, and ability to evaluate personal needs and expectations. Open questions exist, such as how to evaluate the need for medical intervention and interventional procedures, and how to define when a clinical examination is required for certain conditions. In this context, it is necessary to establish dynamic protocols that provide the right balance between face-to-face visits and telemedicine. Useful tips are provided to start an efficient experience. More data are needed to develop precise operating procedures. In the meantime, the first experiences from such settings can pave the way to initiate effective care pathways in chronic pain.

scholarly journals The Right Hemisphere Is Responsible for the Greatest Differences in Human Brain Response to High-Arousing Emotional versus Neutral Stimuli: A MEG Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 960
Author(s):  
Mina Kheirkhah ◽  
Philipp Baumbach ◽  
Lutz Leistritz ◽  
Otto W. Witte ◽  
Martin Walter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Healthy Participants

Studies investigating human brain response to emotional stimuli—particularly high-arousing versus neutral stimuli—have obtained inconsistent results. The present study was the first to combine magnetoencephalography (MEG) with the bootstrapping method to examine the whole brain and identify the cortical regions involved in this differential response. Seventeen healthy participants (11 females, aged 19 to 33 years; mean age, 26.9 years) were presented with high-arousing emotional (pleasant and unpleasant) and neutral pictures, and their brain responses were measured using MEG. When random resampling bootstrapping was performed for each participant, the greatest differences between high-arousing emotional and neutral stimuli during M300 (270–320 ms) were found to occur in the right temporo-parietal region. This finding was observed in response to both pleasant and unpleasant stimuli. The results, which may be more robust than previous studies because of bootstrapping and examination of the whole brain, reinforce the essential role of the right hemisphere in emotion processing.

scholarly journals Brain Activation during Thoughts of One’s Own Death and Its Linear and Curvilinear Correlations with Fear of Death in Elderly Individuals: An fMRI Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanan Hirano ◽  
Kentaro Oba ◽  
Toshiki Saito ◽  
Shohei Yamazaki ◽  
Ryuta Kawashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activation ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Fear Of Death ◽  
Supramarginal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Negative Linear Correlation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Older Populations ◽  
Existential Issues

Abstract Facing one’s own death and managing the fear of death are important existential issues, particularly in older populations. Although recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have investigated brain responses to death-related stimuli, none has examined whether this brain activation was specific to one’s own death or how it was related to dispositional fear of death. In this study, during fMRI, 34 elderly participants (aged, 60–72 years) were presented with either death-related or death-unrelated negative words and asked to evaluate the relevance of these words to the “self” or the “other.” The results showed that only the left supplementary motor area (SMA) was selectively activated during self-relevant judgments of death-related words. Regression analyses of the effect of fear of death on brain activation during death-related thoughts identified a significant negative linear correlation in the right supramarginal gyrus (SMG) and an inverted-U-shaped correlation in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) only during self-relevant judgments. Our results suggest potential involvement of the SMA in the existential aspect of thoughts of death. The distinct fear-of-death-dependent responses in the SMG and PCC may reflect fear-associated distancing of the physical self and the processing of death-related thoughts as a self-relevant future agenda, respectively.

Tingkat Pemahaman Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Daring dan Tatap Muka Langsung dalam Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Bimbingan TIK Menggunakan Metode Backpropagation

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
S Salmiati ◽  
Yuhandri Yunus ◽  
S Sumijan
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Cognitive Learning ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Backpropagation Method ◽  
Face To Face Learning ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
The Right

The Covid-19 pandemic has a major impact on the world of education. Government policies to implement Distance Learning (PJJ) have an impact on learning in schools. Increasing ICT competence is needed to support the smooth running of PJJ. One of them is through ICT guidance activities during the Covid-19 Pandemic. SMP Negeri 1 Lengayang carried out online and face-to-face ICT guidance activities during the Covid-19 Pandemic. However, student learning outcomes in online and face-to-face learning have not shown maximum results. Various obstacles arise that affect student learning outcomes. Teachers have difficulty measuring the level of students' understanding of ICT guidance. Predicting the level of understanding of students is important as a measure of learning success during the Covid-19 Pandemic. This study aims to predict the level of understanding of students in online and face-to-face learning during the Covid-19 period, so that it can also help schools to take the right policies to improve the quality of learning for the future. This study uses the Backpropagation method of Artificial Neural Network (ANN). ANN is a part of artificial intelligence that can be used to predict. The data that is managed is a recap of the value of student cognitive learning outcomes during ICT guidance in online and face-to-face learning during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The results of calculations using the Backpropagation method with the Matlab application produce a percentage value for the level of student understanding, so that the accuracy value in prediction is obtained. With the results of testing the predictive accuracy of the level of understanding online and face-to-face with the 3-10-1 pattern, the best accuracy value is 95%. The prediction results can measure the level of students' understanding of learning during the Covid 19 Pandemic towards ICT guidance.

Penggunaan Permainan Edukasi pada Pembelajaran Daring Mata Pelajaran Geografi Kelas XII di MA PPPI Miftahussalam Banyumas

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 20-22
Author(s):  
Faris Salman Faza
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Educational Games ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Learning Goals ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Geography Teaching ◽  
The Right

The existence of the COVID-19 outbreak has an impact on all sectors of life, one of which is in the education sector, many schools are forced to dismiss their students and teaching and learning activities are carried out online. the transition of Geography teaching and learning activities at MA PPPI Miftahussalam Banyumas from face to face to online creates new problems in learning so that a special strategy is needed in this learning. Although online learning is not effective for achieving learning goals, the teacher must be able to make new innovations so that learning objectives can be achieved. This study uses a qualitative description method by observing the behavior of students when online learning takes place. Learning online Geography class XII at MA PPPI Miftahussalam Banyumas uses educational games. This study aims to find out the right media in learning Geography class XII during the COVID-19 pandemic at MA PPPI Miftahussalam Banyumas. The results of this study showed that 76 students of class XII MA PPPI Miftahussalam Banyumas who had taken the test showed an average value> 8.00. This shows satisfactory results.

Thaumazein at the Nuclear Anthropocene

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Nobuo Kazashi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Accidents ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Citizen Scientist ◽  
Whole Person ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
The Right ◽  
Reflective Essay ◽  
Fukushima Disaster

This reflective essay brings to light the career and thought of nuclear chemist Jinzaburo Takagi (1938–2000), who devoted his whole career to the critique of nuclear power generation and the promotion of citizen-centered science. Looking at his life history, one recognizes some clear turning points. However, Takagi’s true engagement with the nuclear question began when he came face-to-face with the ubiquitous contamination of the earth by human-made radiation. It was a deep, revelatory astonishment that shook Takagi into radical questioning of his vocation as a scientist. It was, so to speak, an experience of “thaumazein at the nuclear anthropocene,” involving his whole person as a human being. In 1975 Takagi co-founded Citizens’ Nuclear Information Center in Tokyo, and he became a catalytic “citizen scientist” in the anti-nuclear power movements through his nation-wide and international activities spanning over a quarter-century. Takagi was a prolific and engaged writer, and he was awarded the Right Livelihood Award in 1997. Soon after, however, he was diagnosed with a variety of last-stage cancers. He penned books entitled To Live as a Citizen-Scientist, Liberation from Nuclear Power: Nine Spells that Would Annihilate Japan, and Why Are Nuclear Accidents Repeated? These books would be read widely, though quite belatedly and with deep regret, after the Fukushima disaster in 2011. This essay is a look at the warning messages Takagi emphasized in the books he left as his testaments not to repeat the disaster.

Wang Guowei and the Establishment of Chinese Drama in the Modern Canon of Classical Literature

T oung Pao ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-201
Author(s):  
Regina Llamas
Keyword(s):  
Yuan Dynasty ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
Literary Value ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
Critical History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Yuan Dynasty ◽  
Universal Standard

AbstractThis essay examines the process by which Wang Guowei placed Chinese dramatic history into the modern Chinese literary canon. It explores how Wang formed his ideas on literature, drawing on Western aesthetics to explain, through the notions of leisure and play, the impetus for art creation, and on the Chinese notions of the genesis of literature to explain the psychology of literary creation. In order to establish the literary value of Chinese drama, Wang applied these ideas to the first playwrights of the Yuan dynasty, arguing that theirs was a literature created under the right aesthetic and creative circumstances, and that it embodied the value of "naturalness" which he considered a universal standard for good literature. By producing a scholarly critical history of the origins and nature of Chinese drama, Wang placed drama on a par with other literary genres of past dynasties, thus giving it a renewed status and creating at the same time a new discipline of research. Drama had now become an established literary genre.

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