scholarly journals The Representation of Gender and Inflectional Class in Italian: A Reply to Kučerová 2018

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Pietro Baggio ◽  
Yasutada Sudo
Keyword(s):  
Recent Article ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Phase Theory ◽  
Novel Theory ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Features

Abstract In a recent article, Kučerová 2018 (henceforth K18) puts forward a novel theory of the morphology and interpretation of nominal gender in Italian. This paper takes issue with this theory from both empirical and theoretical standpoints. We first show that several generalisations presented as empirical support for it are in fact incorrect. We then point out a series of fundamental challenges for the theory. First, the proposed three-way classification of nouns misrepresents the full range of facts, because it does not take into account plural morphology or the interdependencies of CLASS and GENDER features. Second, the account of gender mismatch in terms of “semiconservativity” fails to capture the Italian data, once the full paradigm is considered. Finally, K18’s use of Phase Theory to model contextual valuation of gender faces an insurmountable lookahead problem.

Diagnoses, Dimensions, and DSM-5

2010 ◽  
pp. 254-279
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Widiger ◽  
Maryanne Edmundson
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSM-III) is often said to have provided a significant paradigm shift in how psychopathology is diagnosed. The authors of DSM-5 have the empirical support and the opportunity to lead the field of psychiatry to a comparably bold new future in diagnosis and classification. The purpose of this chapter is to address the validity of the categorical and dimensional models for the classification and diagnosis of psychopathology. Considered in particular will be research concerning substance use disorders, mood disorders, and personality disorders. Limitations and concerns with respect to a dimensional classification of psychopathology are also considered. The chapter concludes with a recommendation for a conversion to a more quantitative, dimensional classification of psychopathology.

scholarly journals Morphological Awareness and Recall of Passive Vocabulary in Adult Learners

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Tom S. Bellomo
Keyword(s):  
Adult Learners ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Morphological Awareness ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Original Experiment ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Gain Scores ◽  
Vocabulary Recall ◽  
And Gender

A modified and enhanced replication of an original experiment aimed to discover the extent of immediate and long-term vocabulary recall that exploited the mnemonic value of morphemes. Data for a sample size of 360 students were disaggregated based on age and gender using a pre/posttest instrument to determine immediate gains, and a long-term posttest (avg. 5.5 mos.) to determine the lasting effects of the intervention. Results revealed that older adults outperformed younger adults on all measures of the instrument and across all timeframes, with the oldest cohort significantly outperforming all other age groups, and women outperformed men, also on all measures across all timeframes, and significantly so on the vocabulary section of the instrument. Gain scores for all students across all measures and timeframes provide empirical support of the mnemonic value of morphemes when incorporated into a program offering direct vocabulary instruction for adult learners.

scholarly journals Emotional intelligence and peer cybervictimisation in adolescents: Gender as moderator

Comunicar ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (56) ◽  
pp. 09-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourdes Rey ◽  
Cirenia Quintana-Orts ◽  
Sergio Mérida-López ◽  
Natalio Extremera
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
School Intervention ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Adolescent Victims

Elucidating personal factors that may protect against the adverse psychological outcomes of cyberbullying victimisation might help guide more effective screening and school intervention. No studies have yet examined the role of emotional intelligence (EI) and gender in adolescent victims of cyberbullying and how these dimensions might interact in explaining cybervictimisation experiences. The main aim of this study was to examine the relationship between EI and cybervictimisation, and the interactive link involving EI skills and gender as predictors of cyberbullying victimisation in a sample of 1,645 Spanish adolescents (50.6% female), aged between 12 and 18 years. Regarding the prevalence of cybervictimisation, our results indicated that over 83.95% of the sample were considered non-cyber victims, while 16.05% experienced occasional or severe cyber victimisation. Additionally, findings indicated that deficits in EI and its dimensions were positively associated with cyber victimisation in both genders, but were stronger in females. Besides, a significant emotion regulation x gender association was found in explaining cyber victimisation experiences. While no interaction was found for males, for females the deficits of emotion regulation were significantly associated with greater victimisation. Our findings provide empirical support for theoretical work connecting EI skills, gender and cyber victimisation, suggesting emotion regulation skills might be considered as valuable resources, as well as the inclusion in new gender-tailored cyberation victimisation prevention programmes. Dilucidar los factores personales que protegen contra las consecuencias psicológicas de la cibervictimización podría ayudar a una detección e intervención escolar más eficaz. Ningún estudio ha examinado el papel de la inteligencia emocional (IE) y el género en adolescentes víctimas de ciberacoso y cómo estas dimensiones interactuan para explicar la cibervictimización. El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la relación entre IE y cibervictimización, y el papel moderador de las habilidades de IE y el género como predictores de la cibervictimización en una muestra de 1.645 adolescentes españoles (50,6% mujeres) de edades entre 12 y 18 años. Con respecto a la prevalencia, nuestros resultados indicaron que el 83,95% de la muestra no eran cibervíctimas mientras un 16,05% eran cibervíctimas ocasionales o severas. Los resultados mostraron que los déficits en IE y sus dimensiones se asociaron positivamente con la cibervictimización en ambos géneros, pero más en mujeres. Además, se encontró una interacción significativa entre regulación emocional y género explicando las experiencias de cibervictimización. Aunque no hubo interacción para los hombres, para las mujeres el déficit en regulación emocional se asoció significativamente a mayor cibervictimización. Nuestros hallazgos proporcionan apoyo empírico para el corpus teórico que conecta las habilidades de IE, el género y la cibervictimización, sugiriendo que la regulación emocional puede ser considerada un recurso valioso, así como de inclusión en futuros programas de prevención de cibervictimización ajustados por géneros.

Analysis of smoking behaviour in patients with peritonsillar abscess: a prospective, matched case–control study

2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (10) ◽  
pp. 872-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Schwarz ◽  
P Wolber ◽  
M Balk ◽  
J C Luers
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
Peritonsillar Abscess ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Robert Koch Institute ◽  
Prospective Data ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Control Study

AbstractObjectiveSmoking is purported to increase the risk of peritonsillar abscess formation, but prospective data are needed to confirm this hypothesis. This prospective study aimed to identify this correlation.MethodsFifty-four patients with peritonsillar abscess were prospectively asked about their smoking behaviour using a questionnaire that was designed and approved by the Robert Koch Institute (Berlin, Germany) to analyse smoking behaviour in epidemiological studies. Afterwards, a consecutive control group (without peritonsillar abscess), matched in terms of age and gender, was surveyed using the same questionnaire. A classification of smoker, former smoker and non-smoker was made, and the numbers of pack-years were calculated and compared.ResultsStatistical analysis of both groups revealed a significant correlation between peritonsillar abscess and smoking experience (p= 0.025). Moreover, there were significantly fewer non-smokers in the non-peritonsillar abscess group (p= 0.04). The number of pack-years was higher in the peritonsillar abscess group (p= 0.037).ConclusionThere is a statistically significant association between peritonsillar abscess and smoking.

Response to Leaf et al., 2021

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Bottema-Beutel ◽  
Georgia Pavlopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Intervention Intensity ◽  
Autistic People ◽  
Current Potential ◽  
Do So

In this commentary, we respond to a recent article published by Leaf and colleagues (2021), entitled “Concerns About ABA-Based Intervention: An Evaluation and Recommendations”. In their article, the authors attempt to address concerns raised by autistic people about ABA-based interventions. We argue that they only superficially engage with these important issues, and fall short of supporting neurodiversity, despite their intention to do so. We discuss issues related to biased claims of effectiveness of ABA, the potential for ABA-based interventions to cause harm, the reliance on past human rights abuses to justify current potential for harm, a lack of empirical support related to intervention intensity recommended by ABA provider groups, and the rigidity of procedures used to achieve therapist-determined goals.

Assessment of Language Learning Strategies in Technology-Enhanced Learning Environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-99
Author(s):  
Wagdi Rashad Ali Bin-Hady ◽  
Abdu Al-kadi ◽  
Ali Abbas Falah Alzubi ◽  
Hassan Saleh Mahdi
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
English Language ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Technology Enhanced Learning ◽  
Language Learning Strategies ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender

This chapter reports on the Yemeni and Saudi EFL learners' use of language learning strategies (LLSs) in technology-mediated language learning contexts. The study examines whether nationality and gender play a significant role in using LLSs on electronic platforms. The study adopted a correlative design in which 100 Yemeni and Saudi university students were recruited to respond to an online close-ended questionnaire. Drawing on Oxford's classification of learning strategies, the findings of this study showed that metacognitive and cognitive strategies were used more frequently compared to the other LLSs. Moreover, the findings of t-test showed a significant difference in the use of LLSs attributed to nationality in favor of the Saudi learners and no significant difference in the choice of LLSs attributed to gender. The study provided some suggestions for EFL learners to benefit from technology in their English language learning.

scholarly journals The General Factor of Psychopathology

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory T. Smith ◽  
Emily A. Atkinson ◽  
Heather A. Davis ◽  
Elizabeth N. Riley ◽  
Joshua R. Oltmanns
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
General Factor ◽  
General Factor Of Personality ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Many ◽  
P Factor ◽  
Empirical Approaches

An important advance in understanding and defining mental disorders has been the development of empirical approaches to mapping dimensions of dysfunction and their interrelatedness. Such empirical approaches have consistently observed intercorrelations among the many forms of psychopathology, leading to the identification of a general factor of psychopathology (the p factor). In this article, we review empirical support for p, including evidence for the stability and criterion validity of p. Further, we discuss the strong relationship between p and both the general factor of personality and the general factor of personality disorder, substantive interpretations of p, and the potential clinical utility of p. We posit that proposed substantive interpretations of p do not explain the full range of symptomatology typically included in p. The most plausible explanation is that p represents an index of impairment that has the potential to inform the duration and intensity of a client's mental health treatment.

scholarly journals Variables psicológicas asociadas a la corrupción: una revisión sistemática

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín Julián ◽  
Tomás Bonavia
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Organizational Variables ◽  
Revisión Sistemática ◽  
Bibliographic Search ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Personality Features

En la actualidad, la corrupción constituye uno de los principales problemas psicológicos, sociales, económicos y políticos a nivel mundial. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar las variables psicológicas asociadas a la corrupción a través de una revisión sistemática de las publicaciones entre 2008 y 2018. Tras realizar una búsqueda en las bases de datos Psycinfo, Web of Science y Dialnet, se encontraron 41 artículos que cumplían con los criterios de selección propuestos. Los grandes núcleos encontrados fueron la ética organizacional, creencias y valores culturales, moral y normas percibidas, y personalidad y variables relacionadas. En general, los resultados apuntan a que variables organizacionales como la percepción de la conducta de sus dirigentes o las estrategias de justificación están relacionadas con la corrupción. Valores culturales meritocráticos y materialistas también han sido ligados a la conducta corrupta, como ocurre en el caso de la percepción de un entorno corrupto y de las normas sociales. En cuanto a la personalidad, rasgos como el narcisismo y la psicopatía se encuentran íntimamente ligados a este fenómeno. Por otra parte, variables como la percepción del poder o el sexo de los participantes han recibido un sustento empírico ambiguo. Nowadays, corruption is one of the most important psychological, social, economic and political issues worldwide. The present paper aims to analyse psychological variables related to corruption through a systematic review of publications from 2008 to 2018. After carrying out a bibliographic search in scientific databases such as Psycinfo, Web of Science and Dialnet, 41 papers were found to match selection criteria. Core topics haven been organizational ethics, cultural beliefs and values, perceived norms and moral, and personality and related variables. Overall, results have shown that organizational variables such as leaders’ behaviour and justification strategies are linked to corruption. Meritocratic and materialist values have also been linked to corrupt behaviour, just like perceiving a corrupt environment and social norms. In regard to personality, features such as narcissism and psychopathy are deeply connected with this phenomenon. On the other side, perception of power and gender have a mixed empirical support.

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