scholarly journals Making a Market: Infrastructure, Integration, and the Rise of Innovation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-44
Author(s):  
David Andersson ◽  
Thor Berger ◽  
Erik Prawitz
Keyword(s):  
Local Economy ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Transportation Costs ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Network Connection ◽  
Railroad Network ◽  
Market Infrastructure

Abstract We exploit exogenous variation arising from the historical rollout of the Swedish railroad network across municipalities to identify the impacts of improved transport infrastructure on innovative activity. A network connection led to a local surge in patenting due to an increased entry and productivity of inventors. As the railroad network expanded, inventors in connected areas began to develop ideas with applications outside the local economy, which were subsequently sold to firms along the network. Our findings suggest that reductions in communication and transportation costs were an important driver of the historical emergence of a market for ideas.

scholarly journals The Role of Logistics Services in Development of Foreign Trade in Central Asia

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazım Çatalbaş
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Transportation Costs ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
Logistics Services ◽  
The Developed Countries

The crucial technical changes in the transport has significantly contributed to the globalization of production and trade. But, in the pure foreign trade theory, transport costs have been ignored, transportation costs are assumed to be zero. With the new approaches, the importance of logistics services in foreign trade has been understood. According to Porter's model, the logistics services are among the main activities and it determines the cost advantage. This study focuses on relationships between logistics services and foreign trade in the Central Asia. Central Asian countries’ data were compared with the other countries. Central Asia does not have a direct connection to any sea. Due to lack of territorial access to the sea and therefore remoteness and isolation from world markets causing high transit and transportation costs. While logistics performances are low in the landlocked developing countries, it is high in the developed countries. The low logistics performance increases the costs of foreign trade and cause waste of time in region. For reducing logistics costs in Central Asia, it should be renewed transport infrastructure, constructed alternative networks, harmonised customs and transit regimes in Asian countries and realized other arrangements facilitating the trade. These arrangements for cooperation among countries in the region as well as regional organizations are also required.

scholarly journals ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ТРАНСПОРТНОЇ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ

2020 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 8-20
Author(s):  
Оксана Іллівна Дмитрієва
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Innovation Capacity ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Market Promotion

The article seeks to develop a model for evaluating the innovative development of the national transport infrastructure in the context of globalization. In order to evaluate the innovative development of the transport infrastructure of Ukraine, the innovation activity of the transport sector of the economy is analyzed. It is argued that innovation activity is a quantitative and qualitative characteristic of innovation performance that refers to the degree of innovation capacity realization. To assess the level of innovative development of transport infrastructure, a three-component system has been suggested which includes the following groups of indicators: indicators of innovation activity, indicators of innovation capacity and innovation efficiency indicators. Innovation activity is proposed to be considered as a characteristic of the dynamism of innovative activity of transport infrastructure objects which is assessed by the speed and scale of generating innovations, their market promotion and implementation in the activities of transport enterprises. Innovation capacity is associated with the perspectivism of innovative activity of transport infrastructure objects and is evaluated by potential opportunities that shape the innovative development prospects and trends, as well as strategic guidelines for the transport companies. Innovative efficiency is an indicator of innovation feasibility with regard to the two-way effects of economic, social, environmental and information factors on the level of innovative development of transport infrastructure. The key advantage of the proposed model for assessing the level of innovative development of transport infrastructure is the ability to take into account the principles of dynamism, perspectivism and expediency which contributes to provide comprehensive evaluation of the basic processes of innovative development.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY IN THE AGRI-FOOD SECTOR IN THE PODLASKIE VOIVODSHIP

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (4) ◽  
pp. 495-503
Author(s):  
Joanna Szwacka-Mokrzycka ◽  
Adam Miara
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Europe 2020 ◽  
Europe 2020 Strategy ◽  
Management Staff

The aim of the article is to present the effectiveness of innovative activity of enterprises from the agri-food sector in the Podlaskie Voivodship. One of the priorities indicated in the Europe 2020 strategy is intelligent development based on a knowledge and an innovation-based economy. The strategy clearly emphasizes the need to increase expenditure on research and development throughout the European Union. Knowledge and innovation are key drivers of economic development. These aspects are particularly important in regions with a low level of industry development, significantly increasing the effectiveness of the local economy. Innovation is associated with the introduction of new products and the improvement of products, services or technologies. Analysis was based on literature on subject and primary data. The research results lead to the conclusion that the vast majority of enterprises implement product innovation, and the scale of innovation concerns the domestic market. The stimulator of innovation development is the amount of expenditure on research and development as well as the level of competence of the management staff. Unfortunately, research shows that, between 2014 and 2016, the amount of expenditure on research and development in the Podlaskie Voivodship was at a relatively low level. Internal expenditure amounted to PLN 261.5 million, which put the voivodship in 17th position.

scholarly journals The Contribution of A.E. Nadeina, Ayan Merchant of the Second Guild, to the Economic Development and Social Life of North-Eastern Siberia at the Beginning of the 20th Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-214
Author(s):  
Margarita Kushnareva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Fur Trade ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
New School ◽  
Public Events ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Russian Empire

There is a growing interest among scientists and general public to the historical experience of the functioning of merchant enterprises on the eastern borders of the Russian Empire. The article analyzes the contribution of A.E. Nadeina, the Ayan merchant of the Second guild, to the economic development and social life on the eastern outskirts of Siberia at the beginning of the 20-th century. The key issue of the article is interdisciplinary and it combines the knowledge of history and economics. The study used method of content analysis, which involves the quantitative and qualitative analysis of statistical data sources, using mathematical modeling. The primary method is the analysis of memoirs and epistolary. The research identified main types of activity of A.E. Nadeina’s enterprise, determined economic indicators and evaluated the firm’s contribution to the economic development of coastal areas of North-Eastern Siberia by industry. The study found that the main contribution of A.E. Nadeina to the economic development of North-Eastern Siberia was the creation of transport infrastructure along the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk, and cargo transportation between the ports of Ayan and Nelkan. The annual profit of the transport enterprise of A.E. Nadeina was 20 thousand rubles. Gold exploration and development of forest resources, organized by A.E. Nadeina, were of strategic importance to the economic development of the region. Exploration and registration of new gold reserves, sale of timber forest annually contributed more than 5 thousand rubles to local economy providing means for its diversification. Fur trade of A.E. Nadeina was organized according to the classical scheme of loan on goods. The annual turnover of the enterprise reached 100–150 thousand rubles. To boost fur trade A.E. Nadeina created business ties with large firms, established a group of fur suppliers, provided transport service for commercial operations and developed fur resources of the region. In conclusion, it is necessary to note her contribution to social life of North-Eastern Siberia. A.E. Nadeina supported local education initiatives, commissioned the construction of a new school, and organized public events for the residents of Ayan and Nelkan.

Cameroon's anglophone impasse likely to persist

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Government Spending ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Construction Workers ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Fiscal Consolidation ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Far North ◽  
The Government ◽  
Will Force

Significance His comments come amid a worsening of the anglophone crisis with the recent kidnapping of foreign nationals by militant separatists. Rising instability in the predominantly anglophone Northwest and Southwest regions is hurting the local economy, while the security clampdown on separatists persists. Impacts The crisis will force the government to reallocate some military resources away from the fight against Boko Haram in the Far North region. Further abductions of foreigners could impact negatively on international sympathy for the anglophone cause. Increased government spending on security crises and pre-election patronage could undermine official fiscal consolidation targets. Attacks on construction workers could delay major energy and transport infrastructure projects critical to economic recovery.

scholarly journals Optimization of production and transport infrastructure based on cluster analysis methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 03008
Author(s):  
Oleg Moskvichev ◽  
Sergei Nikishchenkov ◽  
Elena Moskvicheva
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Transportation Costs ◽  
Container Terminals ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Distribution Centers ◽  
Terminal Model ◽  
Analysis Models

In order to solve the problems of optimizing production and transportation systems, a clustering procedure for objects is suggested. The procedure is a universal methodology for dividing a set of objects into subsets with their centers possessing optimal properties. At the same time, the use of point proximity metrics used in cluster analysis models the minimization of distances during transportation. If the volume of produced/extracted containerisable products of a production point is considered as the “weight” of each point, than the problem of minimizing transportation costs can be solved as a problem of optimizing clusters and their centers. A set of analytical models has been developed to describe and optimize the choice of location and number of container terminals (CT) at the first level and container storage and distribution centers (СSDC) at the second level of a two-level terminal model and logistics infrastructure of the container transport system (CTS). New clustering algorithms are suggested to determine the locations of CT and СSDC based on the condition of minimizing transportation costs and creating a terminal and logistics infrastructure, taking into account given or random number of clusters.

scholarly journals COMPLEX CHARACTERISTIC OF FACTORS LIMITING TRANSPORT ACCESSIBILITY OF DISTANT AND REMOTE AREAS OF THE TOMSK REGION

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Мария Мельник ◽  
Mariya Mel’nik ◽  
Елена Волкова ◽  
Elena Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Transport Accessibility ◽  
The Road ◽  
Tomsk Region

The Tomsk region has a poorly developed road network of federal, regional and local significance, which has a negative impact on the development of the resource sector that plays a key role in the local economy. The article offers an approach to assessment of transport accessibility of distant and remote settlements of the Tomsk region taking into account the specifics of road infrastructure and complex natural hazards. It gives a unified set of climatic factors limiting the functioning and development of the road transport system of the taiga zone of Western Siberia. The authors have analyzed the criteria characterizing the level of functional component of accessibility, as in the case of distant and remote areas of the Verkhneketsky district of the Tomsk region. It is concluded that the low degree of transport accessibility of the Tomsk region depends largely on the economic conditions and transport infrastructure. It includes the unavailability of year-round use roads, the lowest share of paved roads, a long period without river crossings, destruction of bridges and high transport tariffs.

scholarly journals Strategic Analysis of the Region's Competitive Advantages in the Context of Industrial Tourism Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-205
Author(s):  
Ilona Chotua ◽  
Lyudmila Vlasyuk
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Strategic Analysis ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
New Members ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Comprehensive Programs ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
Industrial Tourism

Introduction. Industrial tourism is a niche tourism area that combines a unique emotional experience, educational functionality, and cultural and historical component in a single tourist product. Government and business have realized the strategic importance of industrial tourism. Together with the Agency for Strategic Initiatives (ASI), they are implementing comprehensive programs for the development of industrial tourism in regions with significant industrial heritage. Study objects and methods. The present research was based on the theory of strategy and methodology of strategizing developed by Professor V.L. Kvint. The authors performed an in-depth analysis of the competitive advantages and resource provision of the regions that signed an agreement with the ASI. Various economic, social, and other reasons force regional authorities to develop industrial tourism. However, unjustified development of industrial tourism may diffuse the limited regional, municipal, or company budgets. Results and discussion. Statistical indicators and strategic documents showed that the regions under discussion have certain industrial potential for the development of this type of tourism. However, poor transport infrastructure, transport accessibility, and tourist infrastructure reduce the chances to diversify the local economy through industrial tourism. Conclusion. Not all regions that have the ASI agreement have sufficient competitive advantages and resources for this strategic opportunity. New members must undergo a strategic analysis of the competitive advantages and priority directions. Regions with good competitive advantages should develop a special program or a strategy for the development of industrial tourism.

Public Procurement and Innovative Economy Forming

2010 ◽  
pp. 108-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Smotritskaya ◽  
S. Chernykh
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Public Resources ◽  
Innovative Economy ◽  
Procurement System

The article analyzes the conceptual framework of public procurement system as an integral part of public regulation to ensure effective management of public resources. The authors consider the problems of transition to a new "quality" of the procurement system, increasing its innovative activity. They put forward proposals for institutional framework and mechanisms of regulating procurement, meeting the needs in innovative upgrading and modernization of the Russian economy.

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